The Hebrew name Shamhûwth, represented by H8049, is defined as an Israelite, with a root meaning tied to desolation. This name is exceedingly rare, appearing only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the entire Bible. Its sole usage is to identify a specific individual in a historical record.
The single appearance of H8049 occurs in a detailed administrative list within the book of Chronicles. Shamhuth is identified as "the fifth captain for the fifth month" 1 Chronicles 27:8. In this role, he commanded a division, or "course," that consisted of "twenty and four thousand" men. The text specifies his lineage, calling him "Shamhuth the Izrahite," placing him within the structured military and civil organization of Israel.
The context of Shamhuth's mention is clarified by several related Hebrew words from the same verse:
- H8269 sar (captain): This title defines Shamhuth's position as a "head person" or "ruler." The term is used elsewhere to denote military captains, princes, and other leaders holding significant authority (Jeremiah 1:18, Exodus 18:21).
- H3155 Yizrâch (Izrahite): This identifies Shamhuth's descent from the clan of the Izrahites, a variation of the Ezrahites or Zarchites. This designation connects him to a specific Israelite lineage.
- H4256 machălôqeth (course): This word describes his unit as a "section" or "division." This term was used to organize the people for various duties, including the divisions of priests for temple service and the apportionment of land (2 Chronicles 8:14, Joshua 11:23).
While the name H8049 itself does not carry broad theological weight, its context reveals themes of order and duty within the nation of Israel.
- Structured Service: The record of Shamhuth as a captain in a monthly rotation is part of a larger system of appointed courses. This points to a highly organized society where civic and military duties were systematically assigned, reflecting an ideal of national order.
- Individual Responsibility: By naming Shamhuth and specifying his role over a large contingent of men, the text highlights the importance of individual leaders fulfilling their designated responsibilities within the community's structure.
- National Roster: Shamhuth's inclusion in this roster demonstrates a meticulous record-keeping that values the contribution of specific individuals and their lineage, like "the Izrahite," to the life and security of the nation.
In summary, H8049 Shamhûwth is a proper name that appears once in scripture to identify an Israelite captain. His mention in 1 Chronicles 27:8 places him within a detailed administrative framework governing the rotation of military divisions. Though a minor figure, the record of Shamhuth and his course illustrates the biblical emphasis on structured service, civic order, and the specific roles individuals played in the history of Israel.
TRV