The Greek word tetrágōnos, represented by G5068, means four-cornered, i.e. square:--foursquare. It appears only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the Bible, giving it a highly specific and focused meaning. Its sole use describes the geometric perfection of the New Jerusalem.
The single biblical occurrence of G5068 is found in the vision of the holy city descending from heaven. The text states, "the city G4172 lieth G2749 foursquare G5068" Revelation 21:16. This description is immediately clarified by the subsequent measurement, which reveals that the city's length G3372 and breadth G4114 are the same, and that its length, breadth, and height G5311 are all equal G2470.
Several related words help define the context and meaning of this perfectly shaped city:
- G4172 pólis (city): This refers to a town, often with walls, and is the subject being described as foursquare. It is used to speak of the "heavenly Jerusalem," the city of the living God Hebrews 12:22.
- G3372 mēkos (length): A word for length, used to establish one of the city's key dimensions. In Revelation, it describes the literal length of the city, which is equal to its other dimensions Revelation 21:16.
- G2470 ísos (equal): Meaning similar in amount or kind. This term confirms the perfect symmetry of the New Jerusalem, where its length, breadth, and height are equal Revelation 21:16.
- G3354 metréō (measure): This verb means to ascertain size by a fixed standard. Its use highlights that the city's dimensions are divinely ordered, as an angel is commanded to measure the temple of God Revelation 11:1 and later measures the city itself Revelation 21:16.
The theological weight of G5068 is tied entirely to its singular, powerful description of the New Jerusalem.
- Divine Perfection: The foursquare shape, forming a perfect cube, symbolizes completeness, wholeness, and divine perfection. The city is not irregular but is built to a flawless standard where all dimensions are equal G2470.
- Ultimate Stability: A cube is one of the most stable geometric forms. Describing the city as foursquare G5068 conveys the eternal stability and permanence of God's kingdom and His dwelling place with His people.
- A Measured Reality: The city's perfection is not just an abstract idea; it is confirmed when an angel is shown to measure G3354 it with a reed Revelation 21:16. This act signifies that God's final dwelling is built according to His exact and holy specifications.
In summary, tetrágōnos G5068 is a rare but highly significant term. Its solitary use to describe the New Jerusalem as foursquare paints a vivid picture of divine order, geometric perfection, and eternal stability. The word works in concert with terms for measurement and equality to portray God's final kingdom as a place of absolute flawlessness and enduring permanence.
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