Song Of Solomon 1:3

KJV

Because of the savour of thy good ointments thy name [is as] ointment poured forth, therefore do the virgins love thee.

KJV (with Strong's)

Because of the savour {H7381} of thy good {H2896} ointments {H8081} thy name {H8034} is as ointment {H8081} poured forth {H7324}, therefore do the virgins {H5959} love {H157} thee.

Complete Jewish Bible

Your anointing oils have a wonderful fragrance; your name is like anointing oil poured out. This is why young women love you

Berean Standard Bible

The fragrance of your perfume is pleasing; your name is like perfume poured out. No wonder the maidens adore you.

American Standard Version

Thine oils have a goodly fragrance; Thy name is as oil poured forth; Therefore do the virgins love thee.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Song of Solomon 1:3 is a poignant declaration of admiration for the beloved, expressed through the powerful and pervasive metaphor of fragrant ointments. It extols the beloved's captivating character and reputation, likening his essence to a precious perfume freely and abundantly diffused, which naturally elicits widespread, pure, and unadulterated affection from those around him. This verse masterfully establishes the magnetic allure of the beloved, setting a tone of profound appreciation and fervent desire that underpins the entire narrative of the Song.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is strategically placed within the opening declarations of the Song of Solomon, a unique and exquisite book of biblical poetry celebrating the beauty and intensity of human love. It immediately follows the Shulamite's fervent expressions of desire for the beloved's intimate presence and kisses, indicating a deep longing and established, albeit nascent, connection. Following this praise in verse 3, the narrative continues with the Shulamite's humble self-description and further expressions of affection, often engaging in dialogue with the "daughters of Jerusalem" (e.g., [Song of Solomon 1:5](/song_of_solomon/1-5 "Song of Solomon 1:5 - The Shulamite's Humility and Beauty")). The commendation in verse 3, likely articulated by the Shulamite or a chorus of women, serves to establish the beloved's compelling and attractive qualities, which form the very foundation of the intense and mutual love described throughout the book. It effectively sets the stage for the passionate exchanges, mutual admiration, and profound intimacy that characterize the Song's progression.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In the ancient Near East, ointments and perfumes were not merely luxuries but highly valued commodities, signifying wealth, status, and prestige. They were extensively used for cosmetic purposes, for anointing individuals in religious ceremonies (such as priests or kings), and as a significant gesture of hospitality. The "savour" or aroma of these substances was not just pleasant; it conveyed a powerful sense of a person's presence, influence, and even their spiritual state. Furthermore, a "good name" was of paramount importance in ancient society, representing one's entire reputation, character, honor, and enduring legacy. It was often considered far more valuable than material possessions, a sentiment echoed in [Proverbs 22:1](/proverbs/22-1 "Proverbs 22:1 - A Good Name is More Desirable Than Great Riches"). The term "virgins" (Hebrew: *‘almâh*) refers to young, unmarried women, emphasizing their purity, innocence, and the unblemished nature of their affection, reflecting the cultural norms surrounding courtship and marriage in that era.

* **Key Themes:** Song of Solomon 1:3 profoundly contributes to several overarching themes within the Song and broader biblical understanding. Firstly, it underscores the **alluring power of character and reputation**. The beloved's "name" is not merely an identifier but encapsulates his entire being, his honor, and his pervasive influence, which is so inherently attractive that it draws others irresistibly. Secondly, the verse highlights the theme of **love and devotion** as a natural, uncoerced response to genuine excellence and intrinsic goodness. The "virgins" represent a pure, unadulterated affection that is a direct consequence of the beloved's compelling and virtuous nature. This love is not superficial but deeply rooted in his intrinsic qualities. Lastly, the verse exemplifies the Song's rich and evocative use of **sensory language**, particularly the sense of smell. Fragrance is employed throughout the book to describe beauty, intimacy, and delight, making the abstract concept of character tangible and highly desirable, much like the precious anointing oil described in [Psalm 133:2](/psalms/133-2 "Psalm 133:2 - The Unity of Brothers and Anointing Oil").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **name (Hebrew, _shêm'_):** This word signifies far more than a mere appellation; it encompasses one's entire character, reputation, authority, and individuality. When the text declares, "thy name is as ointment poured forth," it means the beloved's very essence, his renown, his inherent qualities, and his public identity are widely known and profoundly appealing, possessing a magnetic drawing power.
* **ointment (Hebrew, _shemen'_):** Referring to rich, often perfumed oil, typically derived from olives, this word denotes something precious, luxurious, and highly fragrant. It was used for anointing, for cosmetic purposes, and as a potent symbol of blessing, prosperity, or richness. The comparison to ointment emphasizes the beloved's inherent preciousness, his pleasant and delightful nature, and the pervasive quality of his influence.
* **poured forth (Hebrew, _rûwq'_):** This primitive root means to empty or pour out, often implying a lavish, abundant, and unrestrained distribution. When applied to the ointment, it suggests a generous and widespread diffusion. The beloved's character and influence are not contained or limited but are freely and widely spread, making their attractiveness universally felt and experienced by all who encounter them.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Because of the savour of thy good ointments":** This opening clause establishes the sensory foundation for the beloved's profound attractiveness. The "savour" (aroma, scent) of "good" (excellent, pleasant, high-quality) "ointments" points to an immediate, delightful, and pervasive sensory experience intrinsically associated with the beloved's presence. It suggests a pleasant and high-quality personal emanation that precedes and announces his arrival.
* **"thy name [is as] ointment poured forth":** This is the central simile and metaphor of the verse, serving as its interpretive core. The beloved's "name"—representing his entire character, reputation, and identity—is directly compared to precious "ointment" that is "poured forth." This powerful imagery implies that his essence is not only inherently valuable, pleasant, and highly esteemed but also abundantly and freely diffused, reaching and influencing a wide array of people. His reputation precedes him, is universally appealing, and is generously shared.
* **"therefore do the virgins love thee":** This concluding clause presents the natural, inevitable consequence of the beloved's compelling and pervasive nature. The "virgins" (young, unmarried women, symbolizing purity, innocence, and unblemished affection) are drawn to him, and their "love" is a pure, unadulterated, and uncoerced response. Their collective love underscores the widespread, irresistible, and magnetic nature of his charm and character.

#### Literary Devices
Song of Solomon 1:3 is exceptionally rich in **Sensory Imagery**, primarily appealing to the sense of smell through terms like "savour" and "ointments." This makes the beloved's abstract character tangible and deeply appealing, evoking a visceral and immediate response in the reader. The verse prominently employs a **Simile** when it states "thy name [is as] ointment poured forth," directly comparing the beloved's reputation and character to a lavishly dispensed, fragrant perfume. This simile functions as a powerful **Metaphor**, where the "fragrant name" represents the beloved's excellent, pervasive, and highly desirable character. The phrase "poured forth" also suggests **Hyperbole**, implying an overwhelming, abundant, and unrestrained diffusion of his attractive qualities, thereby emphasizing the immense extent of his influence and universal desirability.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This verse, while celebrating the profound beauty of human love, carries significant theological implications, especially when interpreted allegorically as the divine love between Christ and His Church. It highlights the intrinsic value of a good character and a sterling reputation, suggesting that true influence and attraction stem from one's inner qualities and moral excellence rather than superficial appearances or external displays. The beloved's "name" being "as ointment poured forth" speaks to a pervasive, life-giving, and supremely attractive presence that naturally draws others into relationship. Theologically, this points to the magnetic drawing power of God's character and, preeminently, the person of Jesus Christ, whose very essence is supremely good, holy, and desirable, eliciting a pure and devoted response from all who genuinely encounter Him.

* [Proverbs 22:1](/proverbs/22-1 "Proverbs 22:1 - A Good Name is More Desirable Than Great Riches")
* [2 Corinthians 2:14-16](/2_corinthians/2-14-16 "2 Corinthians 2:14-16 - The Aroma of Christ")
* [Philippians 2:9-11](/philippians/2-9-11 "Philippians 2:9-11 - The Exalted Name of Jesus")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Song of Solomon 1:3 invites us to deeply consider the profound and far-reaching impact of our character and reputation in the world. Just as the beloved's "name" was a pervasive and attractive "ointment," so too should our lives, as followers of Christ, emit a compelling and winsome fragrance. This verse challenges us to diligently cultivate inner virtues—such as integrity, kindness, humility, compassion, and sacrificial love—that naturally draw others not primarily to ourselves, but to the ultimate source of all goodness, God Himself. Our actions, our words, and indeed our very presence should serve as a living testament to the transformative beauty of Christ, making His "name" attractive and profoundly desirable to a world desperately in need of His redeeming love and grace. It powerfully reminds us that authentic spiritual appeal and influence do not originate from outward display or superficial charm, but from an inner transformation wrought by the Holy Spirit that permeates every aspect of our being, enabling us to become the very "fragrance of Christ" to those around us.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what tangible ways does my character and daily conduct reflect the "savour of good ointments" mentioned in this verse?**
* **How can I intentionally and generously "pour forth" the goodness and attractive nature of Christ's name through my daily interactions and personal witness?**
* **What specific qualities in Christ do I find most compelling and attractive, and how can I actively cultivate those same Christ-like qualities in my own life?**

### FAQ

**What is the significance of "ointment poured forth" in this verse?**

Answer: The phrase "ointment poured forth" signifies something exceptionally precious, abundantly available, and freely given. In ancient times, costly ointments were highly valued and used for various purposes, including anointing, healing, and as a luxurious expression of hospitality. To have it "poured forth" suggests a lavish, unrestrained, and widespread diffusion, indicating generosity and abundance. In this verse, it serves as a powerful metaphor describing the beloved's character and reputation as being so excellent and pervasive that its influence spreads widely and irresistibly, attracting all who encounter it. It speaks to the magnetic power of his inherent goodness and widespread renown, making his presence deeply felt and desired.

**Who are "the virgins" and why do they love him?**

Answer: "The virgins" (Hebrew: *‘almâh*) refers to young, unmarried women, symbolizing purity, innocence, and unblemished affection. Their collective love for the beloved emphasizes the widespread and pure nature of the attraction he elicits. They love him precisely because of his compelling character and renowned reputation, which is so inherently attractive that it draws universal and unadulterated affection. This highlights the biblical principle that true love and admiration are drawn by intrinsic goodness and a sterling reputation, as seen in [Proverbs 22:1](/proverbs/22-1 "Proverbs 22:1 - A Good Name is More Desirable Than Great Riches"). Their love is a natural, uncoerced response to his captivating essence.

**Is this verse only about human love, or does it have a deeper meaning?**

Answer: While Song of Solomon 1:3 undeniably celebrates the beauty, passion, and power of human love between a man and a woman, it is also widely interpreted allegorically by many theological traditions, particularly within Christianity. For Christians, the beloved is often seen as a type or foreshadowing of Jesus Christ, and "the virgins" represent the Church or individual believers. In this profound sense, the "savour of thy good ointments" and the "name as ointment poured forth" point to the incomparable character, redemptive work, and glorious reputation of Jesus Christ, whose divine presence and sacrificial love are supremely attractive to all who seek Him. This deeper, Christ-centered meaning enriches the verse, connecting it to the ultimate divine love that draws humanity into a saving relationship with God.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Song of Solomon 1:3 finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the person and redemptive work of Jesus Christ. The beloved's "name" being "as ointment poured forth" perfectly prefigures Christ's divine character, His pervasive influence, and His universally appealing reputation. His name, Jesus, is indeed above every name ([Philippians 2:9](/philippians/2-9 "Philippians 2:9 - The Name Above All Names")), embodying perfect goodness, holiness, and unparalleled redemptive power. The "fragrance" of His good "ointments" speaks powerfully to the anointing of the Holy Spirit upon Him ([Acts 10:38](/acts/10-38 "Acts 10:38 - Jesus Anointed with the Holy Spirit")), and the sweet aroma of His sacrificial love on the cross, which is a pleasing and fragrant offering to God ([Ephesians 5:2](/ephesians/5-2 "Ephesians 5:2 - Christ's Sacrificial Love")). Just as the virgins were irresistibly drawn to the beloved, so too are believers drawn to Christ by His incomparable beauty, His boundless grace, and His transformative truth; He Himself declared, "And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself" ([John 12:32](/john/12-32 "John 12:32 - Jesus Draws All People")). His entire life, His atoning death, and His glorious resurrection constitute the ultimate "ointment poured forth," a lavish and unrestrained outpouring of divine love, mercy, and grace that permeates all of creation and draws hearts into pure, unblemished devotion. As His redeemed followers, we are now called to be the "aroma of Christ" ([2 Corinthians 2:15](/2_corinthians/2-15 "2 Corinthians 2:15 - We are the Aroma of Christ")) in the world, reflecting His attractive character and extending His pervasive, life-giving influence to a lost and longing humanity.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Ecclesiastes 7:1

¶ A good name [is] better than precious ointment; and the day of death than the day of one's birth.

Exodus 30:23

Take thou also unto thee principal spices, of pure myrrh five hundred [shekels], and of sweet cinnamon half so much, [even] two hundred and fifty [shekels], and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty [shekels],

Exodus 30:28

And the altar of burnt offering with all his vessels, and the laver and his foot.

Song Of Solomon 4:10

How fair is thy love, my sister, [my] spouse! how much better is thy love than wine! and the smell of thine ointments than all spices!

John 12:3

Then took Mary a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus, and wiped his feet with her hair: and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment.

Philippians 2:9

Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name:

Philippians 2:10

That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of [things] in heaven, and [things] in earth, and [things] under the earth;