TRV
Translation
King James Version
¶ And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over Jordan, that the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying,
Complete Jewish Bible
After the whole nation had finished crossing the Yarden, ADONAI said to Y'hoshua,
Berean Standard Bible
When the whole nation had finished crossing the Jordan, the LORD said to Joshua,
American Standard Version
And it came to pass, when all the nation were clean passed over the Jordan, that Jehovah spake unto Joshua, saying,
World English Bible Messianic
When all the nation had completely passed over the Jordan, the LORD spoke to Joshua, saying,
Geneva Bible (1599)
And when all the people were wholy gone ouer Iorden, (after the Lord had spoken vnto Ioshua, saying,
Young's Literal Translation
And it cometh to pass, when all the nation hath completed to pass over the Jordan, that Jehovah speaketh unto Joshua, saying,
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Commentary on Joshua 4 verses 1–9
1 ¶ And it came to pass, when all the people were clean passed over Jordan, that the LORD spake unto Joshua, saying,
2 Take you twelve men out of the people, out of every tribe a man,
3 And command ye them, saying, Take you hence out of the midst of Jordan, out of the place where the priests' feet stood firm, twelve stones, and ye shall carry them over with you, and leave them in the lodging place, where ye shall lodge this night.
4 Then Joshua called the twelve men, whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, out of every tribe a man:
5 And Joshua said unto them, Pass over before the ark of the LORD your God into the midst of Jordan, and take ye up every man of you a stone upon his shoulder, according unto the number of the tribes of the children of Israel:
6 That this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying, What mean ye by these stones?
7 Then ye shall answer them, That the waters of Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of the LORD; when it passed over Jordan, the waters of Jordan were cut off: and these stones shall be for a memorial unto the children of Israel for ever.
8 And the children of Israel did so as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the midst of Jordan, as the LORD spake unto Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel, and carried them over with them unto the place where they lodged, and laid them down there.
9 And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests which bare the ark of the covenant stood: and they are there unto this day.
We may well imagine how busy Joshua and all the men of war were while they were passing over Jordan, when besides their own marching into an enemy's country, and in the face of the enemy, which could not but occasion them many thoughts of hear, they had their wives, and children, and families, their cattle, and tents, and all their effects, bag and baggage, to convey by this strange and untrodden path, which we must suppose either very muddy or very stony, troublesome to the weak and frightful to the timorous, the descent to the bottom of the river and the ascent out of it steep, so that every man must needs have his head full of care and his hands full of business, and Joshua more than any of them. And yet, in the midst of all his hurry, care must be taken to perpetuate the memorial of this wonderous work of God, and this care might not be adjourned to a time of greater leisure. Note, How much soever we have to do of business for ourselves and our families, we must not neglect nor omit what we have to do for the glory of God and the serving of his honour, for that is our best business. Now,
I. God gave orders for the preparing of this memorial. Had Joshua done it without divine direction, it might have looked like a design to perpetuate his own name and honour, nor would it have commanded so sacred and venerable a regard from posterity as now, when god himself appointed it. Note, God's works of wonder ought to be kept in everlasting remembrance, and means devise for the preserving of the memorial of them. Some of the Israelites that passed over Jordan perhaps were so stupid, and so little affected with this great favour of God to them, that they felt no concern to have it remembered; while others, it may be, were so much affected with it, and had such deep impressions made upon them by it, that they thought there needed no memorial of it to be erected, the heart and tongue of every Israelite in every age would be a living lasting monument of it. But God, knowing their frame, and how apt they had been soon to forget his works, ordered an expedient for the keeping of this in remembrance to all generations, that those who could not, or would not, read the record of it in the sacred history, might come to the knowledge of it by the monument set up in remembrance of it, of which the common tradition of the country would be an explication; it would likewise serve to corroborate the proof of the matter of fact, and would remain a standing evidence of it to those who in after-ages might question the truth of it. A monument is to be erected, and, 1. Joshua, as chief captain, must five direction about it (v. 1): When all the people had clean passed over Jordan, not even the feeble, that were the hindmost of them, left behind, so that God had done his work completely, and every Israelite got safe into Canaan, then God spoke unto Joshua to provide materials for this monument. It is the pious conjecture of the learned bishop Patrick that Joshua had gone into some place of retirement to return thanks immediately for this wonderful mercy, and then god met him, and spoke thus to him. Or, perhaps, it was by Eleazar the priest that God gave these and other instructions to Joshua; for, though he is not mentioned here, yet, when Joshua was ordained by the imposition of hands to this great trust, god appointed that Eleazar should ask counsel for him after the judgment of Urim, and at his word Joshua and all the children of Israel must go out and come in, Num 27:21. 2. One man out of each tribe, and he a chosen man, must be employed to prepare materials for this monument, that each tribe might have the story told them by one of themselves, and each tribe might contribute something to the glory of God thereby (Jos 4:2, Jos 4:4): Out of ever tribe a man. Not the Levites only, but every Israelite must, in his place, help to make known to the sons of men God's mighty acts, Psa 145:12. The two tribes, though seated already in their possession, yet, sharing in the mercy, must lend a hand to the memorial of it. 3. The stones that must be set up for this memorial are ordered to be taken out of the midst of the cannel (where, probably, there lay abundance of great stones), and as near as might be from the very place where the priests stood with the ark, Jos 4:3, Jos 4:5. This intended monument deserved to be made of stones curiously cut with the finest and most exquisite art, but these stones out of the bottom of the river were more natural and more apt indications of the miracle. let posterity know by this that Jordan was driven back, for these very stones were then fetched out of it. In the institution of signs, God always chose that which was most proper and significant, rather than that which is pompous or curious; for God hath chosen the foolish things of the world. These twelve men, after they got over Jordan, must be sent back to the place where the ark stood, being permitted to come near it (which others might not) for this service: "Pass over before the ark (Jos 4:5), that is, into the presence of the ark, which now stands in the midst of Jordan, and thence fetch these stones." 4. the use of these stones is here appointed for a sign (Jos 4:6), a memorial, Jos 4:7. They would give occasion to the children to ask their parents in time to come, How came these stones hither? (probably the land about not being stony), and then the parents would inform them, as they themselves had been informed, that in this place Jordan was divided by the almighty power of God, to give Israel passage into Canaan, as Joshua enlarges on this head, v. 22, etc.
II. According to these orders the thing was done. 1. Twelve stones were taken up out of the midst of Jordan, and carried in the sight of the people to the place where they had their head-quarters that night, v. 8. It is probable that the stones they took were as big as they could well carry, and as near as might be of a size and shape. But whether they went away with them immediately to the place, of whether they staid to attend the ark, and kept pace with the solemn procession of that, to grace its triumphant entry in to Canaan, is not certain. By these stones which they were ordered to take up God did, as it were, give them livery and seisin of this good land; it is all their own, let them enter and take possession; therefore what these twelve did the children of Israel are said to do (v. 8), because they were the representatives of their respective tribes. In allusion to this, we may observe that when the Lord Jesus, our Joshua, having overcome the sharpness of death and dried up that Jordan, had opened the kingdom of heaven to all believers, he appointed his twelve apostles according to the number of the tribes of Israel, by the memorial of the gospel to transmit the knowledge of this to remote places and future ages. 2. Other twelve stones (probably much larger than the other, for we read not that they were each of them one man's load) were set up in the midst of Jordan (v. 9), piled up so high in a heap or pillar as that the top of it might be seen above the water when the river was low, or seen in the water when it was clear, or at least the noise of commotion of the water passing over it would be observable, and the bargemen would avoid it, as they do a rock. Some way or other, it is likely, it was discernible, so as to notify the very place where the ark stood, and to serve for a duplicate to the other monument, which was to set up on dry land in Gilgal, for the confirming of its testimony and the preserving of its tradition. The sign being doubled, no doubt the thing was certain.
Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 1–9. Public domain.
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Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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SUMMARY
Joshua 4:1 serves as a pivotal narrative hinge, immediately following the miraculous and complete crossing of the Jordan River by the entire nation of Israel. This verse marks the successful culmination of a significant phase in God's redemptive plan, signifying Israel's definitive entry into the Promised Land. It transitions seamlessly from the divine intervention of the crossing to the LORD's direct and immediate communication with Joshua, thereby underscoring God's continuous sovereign leadership and His readiness to provide specific instructions for the next steps in His people's journey of faith and obedience.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
Joshua 4:1 masterfully employs several literary devices to convey its profound message. It functions primarily as a Transitional Statement, seamlessly bridging the miraculous crossing of the Jordan in Joshua 3 with the subsequent instructions for establishing a memorial in Joshua 4:2-9. The phrase "And it came to pass" (וַיְהִי, wayhi) is a classic Hebrew narrative marker, signaling a progression in the unfolding divine drama. The immediate shift from the completed action of the people to the Divine Speech ("the LORD spake unto Joshua") highlights God's active and continuous involvement in Israel's history, emphasizing His initiative. This direct address underscores Joshua's unique role as God's chosen leader and the ultimate source of authority for the instructions that follow. The verse also utilizes Emphasis through the phrase "clean passed over," underscoring the thoroughness, completeness, and perfection of God's miraculous work, reinforcing the theological idea that His promises are fully and precisely fulfilled.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Joshua 4:1 powerfully illustrates the enduring principle of divine faithfulness and the continuity of God's redemptive plan. The successful and complete crossing of the Jordan River is an undeniable, tangible demonstration of God fulfilling His ancient promises to bring Israel into the land He swore to their forefathers. This monumental act not only confirms God's omnipotence but also His unwavering commitment to His covenant people. Furthermore, the immediate divine communication to Joshua after such a significant event underscores that God's guidance is not a one-time intervention but an ongoing, active leadership that directs His people through every phase of their journey. It teaches us that divine action is often immediately followed by divine instruction, preparing His people for the next steps of obedience, witness, and the unfolding of His purposes.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Joshua 4:1 offers profound and timeless insights for contemporary believers navigating their own spiritual journeys. Just as the Israelites experienced a dramatic, undeniable act of God's power and faithfulness in crossing the Jordan, we too encounter moments in our lives where God's hand is clearly at work, bringing us through significant transitions, overcoming formidable obstacles, or completing a major life stage. This verse serves as a powerful reminder that after such milestones – be they answered prayers, miraculous provisions, or the successful navigation of a challenging season – God often has a new set of instructions, a new direction, or a new calling for us. The immediate communication from the LORD to Joshua highlights the critical importance of attentiveness to God's voice, especially in the aftermath of His mighty deeds. It calls us to pause, reflect deeply on His completed work, and then listen intently for His next command, trusting that His guidance is always precise, purposeful, and perfectly timed. Our spiritual journey is not merely a series of isolated events, but a continuous walk of obedience, dependence, and intimate communion with His ongoing leadership.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why is it important that "all the people were clean passed over Jordan" before the LORD spoke?
Answer: The phrase "clean passed over Jordan" (Hebrew: tamam) signifies the absolute completion and thoroughness of the miraculous crossing. It is crucial because it confirms that God's promise to bring His entire people safely and completely into the Promised Land was perfectly fulfilled. This completion serves as the necessary precondition for the next divine instruction. God often acts decisively to fulfill His promises, and only once that phase is entirely accomplished does He reveal the subsequent steps. It underscores divine order, the reliability of God's word, and the perfect timing of His plan, setting the stage for the memorial stones that would commemorate this complete act of deliverance and entrance into the land (Joshua 4:2-7).
What does this verse teach us about God's leadership style?
Answer: Joshua 4:1 reveals several profound aspects of God's leadership style. Firstly, God is actively involved in the affairs of His people; He doesn't perform a miracle and then withdraw but immediately follows up with guidance. His presence is continuous. Secondly, His leadership is specific and direct, as He "spake unto Joshua, saying," providing clear, actionable instructions for the next phase of their journey. Thirdly, God's leadership is timely, as He communicates precisely when the previous task is completed and new direction is needed. This demonstrates His continuous care, His meticulous planning, and His desire to lead His people step-by-step into His purposes, much like a shepherd diligently guiding his flock to green pastures and still waters (Psalm 23:2-3).
How does Joshua's role in this verse compare to Moses' role?
Answer: Joshua's role here strongly parallels Moses' role as God's chosen leader and intermediary. Just as God spoke directly to Moses to deliver instructions and laws to Israel (Exodus 3:4), so too does He speak directly to Joshua immediately after a monumental divine act. This immediate communication from the LORD to Joshua after the Jordan crossing serves to publicly affirm Joshua's authority and legitimacy as Moses' divinely appointed successor in the eyes of the people. It reinforces the charge given to Joshua in Joshua 1:1-9, establishing him as the divinely appointed leader who would continue to receive and convey God's commands for the nation's journey into and conquest of the Promised Land.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Joshua 4:1, with its emphasis on the completion of the Jordan crossing and the LORD's immediate command to Joshua, finds profound Christ-centered fulfillment in the person and redemptive work of Jesus Christ. Just as Joshua, whose name is a form of "Jesus" (Greek Iesous derived from Hebrew Yehoshua or Yeshua), led Israel into the physical promised land, Jesus, the greater Joshua, leads His people into the spiritual promised land of salvation, reconciliation with God, and eternal life. The "clean passed over Jordan" can be seen as a powerful type of the complete and perfect work of Christ on the cross, where He fully accomplished our redemption, leaving nothing undone, declaring triumphantly, "It is finished!" Following His finished work, Jesus, as the resurrected and ascended Lord, continues to speak to His disciples through His Word and Spirit, providing guidance, commissioning them for the next phase of God's kingdom work, and empowering them for mission, much like the LORD spoke to Joshua for the next steps in Canaan (Matthew 28:18-20). He leads us not merely into a physical inheritance but into a spiritual reality where, by grace through faith, we are "seated with him in the heavenly places" (Ephesians 2:6). The divine faithfulness seen in bringing Israel into Canaan is ultimately realized in Christ, who is the ultimate fulfillment of all God's promises, for "all the promises of God in him are yea, and in him Amen" (2 Corinthians 1:20), leading His church into the full inheritance of grace and glory.