Isaiah 33:8

KJV

The highways lie waste, the wayfaring man ceaseth: he hath broken the covenant, he hath despised the cities, he regardeth no man.

KJV (with Strong's)

The highways {H4546} lie waste {H8074}, the wayfaring man {H5674}{H734} ceaseth {H7673}: he hath broken {H6565} the covenant {H1285}, he hath despised {H3988} the cities {H5892}, he regardeth {H2803} no man {H582}.

Complete Jewish Bible

The highways are deserted, there are no travelers. He has broken the covenant, despised the cities; he has no regard for human life.

Berean Standard Bible

The highways are deserted; travel has ceased. The treaty has been broken, the witnesses are despised, and human life is disregarded.

American Standard Version

The highways lie waste, the wayfaring man ceaseth: the enemy hath broken the covenant, he hath despised the cities, he regardeth not man.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Isaiah 33:8 powerfully depicts a land plunged into chaos and desolation by an oppressive power. This verse paints a vivid picture of a society paralyzed by fear and instability, where the normal rhythms of life have ceased due to the ruthless actions of an aggressor. This enemy has flagrantly violated sacred agreements, shown utter contempt for established communities, and demonstrated a complete and chilling disregard for human life and dignity. It encapsulates the profound societal breakdown and moral decay that inevitably ensue when trust is shattered and the inherent value of humanity is denied.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Isaiah 33 is a prophetic oracle that oscillates between lament over Judah's dire situation and confident assurance of God's righteous judgment and ultimate deliverance. The preceding verses (Isaiah 33:1-7) vividly describe the treachery and devastation wrought by the "destroyer" (identified as Assyria), contrasting their perfidy with God's steadfastness. Isaiah 33:8 serves as a chilling, concrete description of the Assyrian invasion's immediate consequences, detailing the societal collapse and moral vacuum created by their actions. This verse justifies the divine intervention promised in the subsequent verses, where God declares His intention to rise up and scatter the nations (Isaiah 33:9-13), setting the stage for the dramatic shift from despair to the glorious vision of Zion's restoration and God's sovereignty (Isaiah 33:14-24).
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The historical setting for Isaiah 33 is the Assyrian invasion of Judah under King Sennacherib in 701 BC, a pivotal moment in Judah's history. Assyria was an empire renowned for its brutal military campaigns, including siege warfare, mass deportations, and a policy of terror designed to break the will of its adversaries. In the ancient Near East, covenants (Hebrew: *bᵉrîyth*) were sacred and foundational to inter-state relations, often sealed with solemn oaths, divine witnesses, and severe curses for their violation. The accusation "he hath broken the covenant" most likely refers to Sennacherib's betrayal of a treaty or agreement with King Hezekiah of Judah, perhaps after Hezekiah had paid a substantial tribute in an attempt to secure peace (as documented in [2 Kings 18:14-16](/2_kings/18-14-16 "2 Kings 18:14-16 - Hezekiah's Tribute to Sennacherib")). The phrase "the highways lie waste" vividly portrays the disruption of trade, travel, and public safety, a common and devastating consequence of war and insecurity, where major routes become impassable and dangerous, echoing similar descriptions of desolation in times of conflict, such as those found in [Judges 5:6](/judges/5-6 "Judges 5:6 - Deserted Highways"). The contempt for cities and human life reflects the Assyrian practice of utterly destroying conquered urban centers and their inhabitants, aiming to instill fear and eliminate resistance.
* **Key Themes:** Isaiah 33:8 powerfully articulates several pervasive themes within Isaiah and the broader prophetic corpus. It underscores the theme of **divine judgment against oppressors** who act with injustice, treachery, and cruelty, demonstrating God's unwavering opposition to those who violate His moral order and disregard human dignity. The vivid depiction of desolation highlights the theme of **societal collapse as a consequence of sin and injustice**, particularly when those in power disregard fundamental principles of trust, integrity, and human value. This verse also implicitly sets the stage for the counter-theme of **God's ultimate faithfulness and restoration**, as the very chaos described necessitates God's intervention to bring about true peace, security, and righteousness. This promise of divine intervention and a renewed creation resonates throughout [Isaiah's prophecies of a new heaven and new earth](/isaiah/65-17 "Isaiah 65:17 - New Heavens and New Earth"). The breaking of covenants, whether divine or human, is a recurring concern in the Old Testament, emphasizing the sanctity of oaths and agreements, a principle also powerfully articulated in [Psalm 55:20](/psalms/55-20 "Psalm 55:20 - Covenant Breaking and Treachery").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **highways (Hebrew, _mᵉçillâh'_):** From the root meaning "to turnpike," this term (H4546) refers to a thoroughfare or a well-constructed road, often elevated or paved. Its description as "waste" (H8074, *shâmêm*) indicates not merely disuse but utter devastation, symbolizing the complete breakdown of commerce, communication, and public safety. The destruction of these vital arteries signifies the paralysis of normal life and the pervasive reach of the oppressor's destructive power.
* **broken (Hebrew, _pârar'_):** This primitive root (H6565) means "to break up," "to violate," "to frustrate," or "to make of none effect." Here, it signifies the deliberate and forceful annulment of a binding agreement. This is not a mere oversight but an active act of treachery, rendering the covenant null and void and demonstrating a profound lack of integrity and trustworthiness. It speaks to a fundamental rupture of trust.
* **regardeth (Hebrew, _châshab'_):** This root (H2803) properly means "to plait or interpenetrate," extending to "to think," "to consider," "to value," or "to compute." When negated ("regardeth no man"), it indicates a complete absence of consideration, esteem, or value for human beings (H582, *ʼĕnôwsh*). It speaks to a profound dehumanization and indifference to the suffering, rights, or very existence of others, highlighting the oppressor's utter arrogance, cruelty, and moral bankruptcy.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"The highways lie waste, the wayfaring man ceaseth":** This opening clause paints a stark and immediate picture of desolation and pervasive fear. The major roads, which were the lifeblood of ancient societies for trade, travel, and communication, are depicted as ruined and deserted. The "wayfaring man" – the traveler, merchant, or pilgrim – has ceased to move, indicating that public safety has completely collapsed. This imagery conveys a land under siege, where movement is too dangerous to contemplate, and the normal rhythms of economic and social life have been violently interrupted.
* **"he hath broken the covenant":** This is the central accusation of perfidy and betrayal. The "he" refers to the Assyrian king, Sennacherib, who had likely entered into a solemn treaty or agreement with Judah, perhaps involving tribute or a promise of peace, only to flagrantly violate its terms. This act of breaking a binding covenant, often sealed with divine witnesses and solemn oaths, was considered a grave offense, undermining the very foundation of international relations, trust, and moral order in the ancient world.
* **"he hath despised the cities":** This phrase highlights the oppressor's profound contempt for established human communities and their inhabitants. "Despised" (H3988, *mâʼaç*) means to spurn, reject, or treat with disdain. This is not merely military conquest but a deliberate act of devaluing and destroying urban centers (H5892, *ʻîyr*), which were the hubs of culture, economy, and social life. It demonstrates a ruthless disregard for the lives, heritage, and well-being contained within these communities, reflecting a policy of terror and annihilation.
* **"he regardeth no man":** This final clause underscores the ultimate moral depravity and dehumanization exhibited by the oppressor. It signifies a complete lack of respect, consideration, or empathy for individual human beings (H582, *ʼĕnôwsh*). The aggressor views people not as valuable creations with inherent rights and dignity but as mere obstacles or pawns, to be exploited, terrorized, or eliminated without a second thought. This profound indifference to human life is the root cause of the widespread suffering and devastation described in the preceding clauses.

#### Literary Devices
Isaiah 33:8 employs several powerful literary devices to convey its message of desolation, moral outrage, and the profound consequences of oppression. **Imagery** is prominently used, with phrases like "highways lie waste" and "the wayfaring man ceaseth" creating a vivid mental picture of a paralyzed and dangerous landscape. This imagery is not merely descriptive but also deeply symbolic, representing the complete breakdown of societal order, security, and normal human interaction. The verse also utilizes **Synecdoche**, where "the wayfaring man" stands for all people and their normal activities, and "the cities" represent all human habitation and societal structures, encompassing the full scope of the oppressor's destructive reach. Furthermore, the strong, active verbs "broken," "despised," and "regardeth no man" contribute to a powerful sense of **Climax**, building from physical desolation to moral depravity, culminating in the oppressor's utter and chilling disregard for humanity. This progression emphasizes the profound wickedness and comprehensive nature of the aggressor's actions.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Isaiah 33:8 serves as a poignant and sobering reminder of the devastating consequences when human beings, particularly those in positions of power, reject the fundamental principles of justice, integrity, and respect for life. The breaking of covenants and the despising of humanity are not merely political or military acts but profound moral and theological offenses. Such actions invite divine judgment because they directly violate the very character of God, who is eternally faithful to His covenants and deeply values human life, created in His own image. This verse underscores that true peace, security, and flourishing are impossible where treachery, contempt for others, and a lack of accountability prevail, highlighting the urgent need for divine intervention to restore order, uphold righteousness, and re-establish justice.

* [Jeremiah 12:10](/jeremiah/12-10 "Jeremiah 12:10 - Desolation of the Land")
* [Psalm 55:20](/psalms/55-20 "Psalm 55:20 - Covenant Breaking and Treachery")
* [Proverbs 28:15](/proverbs/28-15 "Proverbs 28:15 - A Roaring Lion and a Ranging Bear")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Isaiah 33:8 speaks powerfully to the chaos and suffering that result from broken trust and a profound disregard for human dignity, whether on a global scale, within communities, or in our personal spheres. It challenges us to consider the far-reaching impact of our words and actions, particularly our commitments and how we treat others. When covenants are broken, whether formal agreements or informal promises, the very fabric of relationships and society begins to unravel, leading to insecurity, despair, and a loss of hope. This verse calls us, as followers of God, to be people of unwavering integrity, to honor our word, and to cultivate a deep and abiding respect for every individual, recognizing their inherent worth as image-bearers of God. In a world often marked by broken promises, contempt for the vulnerable, and the dehumanization of others, our commitment to justice, compassion, and faithfulness can be a powerful witness to God's character and a transformative force for healing and restoration.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what ways do I see "highways lying waste" or "wayfaring men ceasing" in my own community or the broader world today, due to broken trust, injustice, or a disregard for others?**
* **How does my own integrity, or lack thereof, impact the "covenants" (promises, agreements, and relationships) in my personal and professional life?**
* **What does it mean to "regard no man" in contemporary society, and how can I actively counter such attitudes in myself and others, promoting dignity and respect?**

### FAQ
**What is the "covenant" referred to in Isaiah 33:8?**

Answer: The "covenant" (Hebrew: *bᵉrîyth*) in this context most likely refers to a political treaty or agreement between the Assyrian king Sennacherib and King Hezekiah of Judah. Historical accounts, such as those found in [2 Kings 18](/2_kings/18 "2 Kings 18 - Hezekiah's Reign and Sennacherib's Invasion"), suggest that after Hezekiah paid a heavy tribute to Sennacherib, the Assyrian king still proceeded with his invasion, effectively breaking any implicit or explicit agreement for peace or withdrawal. This act of treachery was a grave offense in the ancient Near East, where covenants were solemn and binding, often invoked with divine witnesses. It highlights the Assyrian's perfidy and profound disregard for international law and trust.

**Who is the "he" that is described as breaking the covenant and despising cities?**

Answer: The "he" in Isaiah 33:8 refers to the oppressive foreign power, specifically the Assyrian king Sennacherib. This chapter, and indeed much of Isaiah's prophecy, is set against the backdrop of the Assyrian invasion of Judah in the late 8th century BC. Sennacherib's military campaigns were notorious for their brutality, including the destruction of cities, the plundering of resources, and a general disregard for human life and dignity, which aligns perfectly with the actions described in this verse. His actions against Judah, despite previous agreements, are a key part of the historical context of [Isaiah 33](/isaiah/33 "Isaiah 33 - God's Judgment on Assyria and Deliverance of Zion") and illustrate the profound injustice that God would ultimately judge.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Isaiah 33:8, with its lament over a broken covenant and a world where "no man" is regarded, finds its ultimate answer and reversal in the person and redemptive work of Jesus Christ. The "broken covenant" of human treachery and sin, which led to widespread desolation, fear, and a profound disregard for both God and neighbor, is perfectly remedied by the **new covenant** established through Christ's shed blood ([Luke 22:20](/luke/22-20 "Luke 22:20 - The New Covenant in His Blood")). Unlike the faithless oppressor who violated agreements, Jesus perfectly fulfilled the covenant of grace, offering Himself as the ultimate sacrifice to reconcile humanity to God and to each other ([Hebrews 9:15](/hebrews/9-15 "Hebrews 9:15 - Mediator of a New Covenant")). Furthermore, where the oppressor "regardeth no man," Jesus demonstrates the ultimate and unfathomable regard for humanity. He did not despise cities or human life; rather, He entered into human brokenness, healed the sick, fed the hungry, restored the marginalized, and ultimately laid down His life for all, proving that God "so loved the world" ([John 3:16](/john/3-16 "John 3:16 - God So Loved the World")). Through His sacrifice, the "highways" of access to God are no longer waste but are made open, secure, and living, allowing "wayfaring men" to journey safely into eternal life and intimate fellowship with God ([Hebrews 10:19-22](/hebrews/10-19-22 "Hebrews 10:19-22 - Access to God through Christ")). In Christ, the desolation of sin is overcome by the abundance of grace, and the contempt for humanity is transformed into divine love, redemption, and the promise of a restored creation.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Judges 5:6

¶ In the days of Shamgar the son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were unoccupied, and the travellers walked through byways.

Isaiah 35:8

And an highway shall be there, and a way, and it shall be called The way of holiness; the unclean shall not pass over it; but it [shall be] for those: the wayfaring men, though fools, shall not err [therein].

2 Kings 18:20

Thou sayest, (but [they are but] vain words,) [I have] counsel and strength for the war. Now on whom dost thou trust, that thou rebellest against me?

2 Kings 18:21

Now, behold, thou trustest upon the staff of this bruised reed, [even] upon Egypt, on which if a man lean, it will go into his hand, and pierce it: so [is] Pharaoh king of Egypt unto all that trust on him.

Isaiah 10:13

For he saith, By the strength of my hand I have done [it], and by my wisdom; for I am prudent: and I have removed the bounds of the people, and have robbed their treasures, and I have put down the inhabitants like a valiant [man]:

Isaiah 10:14

And my hand hath found as a nest the riches of the people: and as one gathereth eggs [that are] left, have I gathered all the earth; and there was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or peeped.

1 Samuel 17:26

And David spake to the men that stood by him, saying, What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the reproach from Israel? for who [is] this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?