Genesis 39:22

KJV

And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph's hand all the prisoners that [were] in the prison; and whatsoever they did there, he was the doer [of it].

KJV (with Strong's)

And the keeper {H8269} of the prison {H1004}{H5470} committed {H5414} to Joseph's {H3130} hand {H3027} all the prisoners {H615} that were in the prison {H1004}{H5470}; and whatsoever they did {H6213} there, he was the doer {H6213} of it.

Complete Jewish Bible

The prison warden made Yosef supervisor of all the prisoners in the prison; so that whatever they did there, he was in charge of it.

Berean Standard Bible

And the warden put all the prisoners under Joseph’s care, so that he was responsible for all that was done in the prison.

American Standard Version

And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph’s hand all the prisoners that were in the prison; and whatsoever they did there, he was the doer of it.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Joseph's remarkable ascent to a position of unparalleled trust and comprehensive authority, even while unjustly held captive in an Egyptian prison. This verse highlights the profound divine favor continually resting upon Joseph and his exceptional character, as the prison keeper effectively transfers all management, oversight, and operational responsibility for the facility and its inmates into his capable hands, transforming Joseph from a mere prisoner into the de facto chief administrator of the entire institution.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is a crucial development in the unfolding narrative of Joseph's journey from favored son to enslaved servant, and now, to an influential figure within the Egyptian penal system. It immediately follows [Genesis 39:21](/genesis/39-21 "God's Favor on Joseph in Prison"), which explicitly states that "the Lord was with Joseph, and shewed him mercy, and gave him favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison." This divine intervention directly precedes and explains the extraordinary trust placed in Joseph. The preceding verses detail Joseph's unjust imprisonment after being falsely accused by Potiphar's wife, following a period where he had already demonstrated exceptional administrative abilities and integrity in Potiphar's household, also under divine blessing (see [Genesis 39:2-6](/genesis/39-2-6 "Joseph's Success in Potiphar's House")). [Genesis 39:22](/genesis/39-22 "Joseph's Authority in Prison") thus marks a continuation of God's providential care and Joseph's consistent character, setting the stage for his later interactions with Pharaoh's cupbearer and baker, and ultimately, his interpretation of Pharaoh's dreams in [Genesis 40](/genesis/40 "Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison").

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Ancient Egyptian prisons, unlike modern correctional facilities, were often less structured and could include various forms of detention, from holding cells to more administrative roles for trusted individuals. The "keeper of the prison" (Hebrew: *sar habbayit*), likely a high-ranking official or a trusted steward, would have held significant authority. The act of "committing to Joseph's hand" suggests a level of delegation that might have been unusual but not impossible, especially if the keeper was overwhelmed or recognized Joseph's unique administrative gifts. In a society where personal loyalty and demonstrated competence were highly valued, a prisoner who exhibited such qualities, especially one perceived to be blessed by a deity (as Joseph was by Yahweh, visible through his success), could indeed be entrusted with significant responsibilities. This scenario highlights the fluidity of social status and the potential for individuals to rise or fall based on circumstance, character, and perceived divine favor within the ancient Near Eastern context.

* **Key Themes:** [Genesis 39:22](/genesis/39-22 "Joseph's Authority in Prison") powerfully reinforces several overarching themes within the book of Genesis and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it underscores the theme of **Divine Providence and Sovereignty**, demonstrating that God's plan for Joseph's life continued to unfold even amidst extreme adversity and injustice. Joseph's imprisonment was not an obstacle to God's purpose but a crucial step in his preparation for future leadership, echoing the later declaration in [Genesis 50:20](/genesis/50-20 "God's Good Purpose in Joseph's Suffering"). Secondly, the verse highlights **Integrity and Faithfulness in Adversity**. Despite his unjust suffering, Joseph maintained his diligence, moral uprightness, and commitment to excellence, which earned him the trust of the prison keeper, illustrating how faithfulness in difficult circumstances can lead to unexpected opportunities (cf. [Luke 16:10](/luke/16-10 "Faithfulness in Little Things")). Finally, it exemplifies the theme of **God's Presence and Favor**, which transforms even the most dire situations. The explicit statement in [Genesis 39:21](/genesis/39-21 "God's Favor on Joseph in Prison") that "the Lord was with Joseph" is the foundational reason for his remarkable success and elevation, turning a place of confinement into a training ground for his ultimate destiny.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Genesis 39:22 states, "And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph's hand all the prisoners that [were] in the prison; and whatsoever they did there, he was the doer [of it]." This verse reveals the extraordinary level of trust and comprehensive responsibility bestowed upon Joseph, a mere prisoner.

#### Key Word Analysis
* **keeper (Hebrew, _sar'_):** This word (H8269) denotes a "head person (of any rank or class)," often translated as "prince," "ruler," "chief," or "captain." In this context, it signifies the chief official or overseer of the prison. The fact that such a high-ranking individual would delegate all authority to a prisoner speaks volumes about Joseph's perceived competence and trustworthiness.
* **committed (Hebrew, _nâthan'_):** The verb (H5414) is a primitive root meaning "to give," but with a vast latitude of application, including "to put," "to make," "to appoint," "to assign," or "to deliver up." Here, it implies a complete transfer of responsibility and authority from the keeper to Joseph, indicating a full delegation rather than mere assistance or supervision.
* **hand (Hebrew, _yâd'_):** This primitive word (H3027) refers to the "hand" but is used in a great variety of applications, both literally and figuratively. Crucially, it often signifies "power," "means," "direction," "custody," or "dominion." Thus, "committed to Joseph's hand" means the prison's management was placed entirely under Joseph's control and authority, signifying his complete dominion over its operations.
* **doer (Hebrew, _ʻâsâh'_):** This primitive root (H6213) means "to do or make," in the broadest sense and widest application. It encompasses actions like "accomplish," "perform," "exercise," "manage," or "work." The phrase "he was the doer of it" emphatically states that Joseph was not just supervising but actively performing, organizing, and directing all activities within the prison. He was the one who made things happen.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph's hand":** This opening clause establishes the extraordinary transfer of authority. The "keeper" (Hebrew: *sar*) is the chief official, and to "commit to Joseph's hand" signifies a complete relinquishment of control. Joseph, though a prisoner, is now vested with the full power and responsibility previously held by the keeper. This implies a profound level of trust and confidence in Joseph's capabilities and integrity.
* **"all the prisoners that [were] in the prison":** This specifies the scope of Joseph's new authority. His dominion extended over every inmate within the facility, indicating that he was responsible for their welfare, discipline, and any tasks assigned to them. This was not a partial delegation but a comprehensive oversight of the entire prison population.
* **"and whatsoever they did there, he was the doer [of it]":** This concluding clause underscores the depth of Joseph's operational control. It means that Joseph was not merely a supervisor but the active agent and primary manager of all activities. Whether it was the allocation of tasks, the resolution of disputes, or the general administration of daily life within the prison, Joseph was the one who initiated, directed, and ensured the execution of all functions. His authority was absolute within that sphere, making him the effective chief administrator.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several literary devices to convey its profound message. **Irony** is prominent, as Joseph, unjustly imprisoned, is elevated to a position of authority over other prisoners and the prison's operations. The very place of his confinement becomes a sphere of influence, contrasting sharply with his status as a captive. This also serves as a form of **Foreshadowing**, hinting at Joseph's future elevation to a position of immense power and administrative responsibility over all of Egypt. The phrase "committed to Joseph's hand" utilizes **Metonymy**, where "hand" represents not just the physical limb but the power, authority, and control associated with it. This emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the trust placed in Joseph. Finally, the narrative itself demonstrates **Divine Providence**, as God's unseen hand orchestrates events, turning a situation of apparent defeat into a stepping stone for Joseph's ultimate destiny, showcasing His ability to work through unlikely circumstances.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Genesis 39:22 stands as a powerful testament to God's unwavering sovereignty and His ability to work through all circumstances, even those marked by injustice and suffering, to fulfill His divine purposes. Joseph's elevation in prison is not merely a testament to his character but primarily to the manifest presence and favor of God upon him. It demonstrates that God's plan for His chosen ones cannot be thwarted by human malice or adverse situations; instead, He can transform a place of confinement into a training ground for future leadership. This narrative reassures believers that even in the darkest valleys, God is present, working all things for good for those who love Him, preparing them for the greater tasks He has ordained.

* [Psalm 105:17-19](/psalms/105-17-19 "God's Sovereignty in Joseph's Life"): This passage explicitly states that God "sent a man before them, even Joseph, who was sold for a servant: Whose feet they hurt with fetters: he was laid in iron: Until the time that his word came: the word of the Lord tried him." It directly connects Joseph's suffering and imprisonment to God's overarching plan and timing.
* [Romans 8:28](/romans/8-28 "God Works All Things for Good"): This foundational theological statement affirms that "all things work together for good to them that love God, to them who are the called according to his purpose." Joseph's story is a vivid illustration of this principle, where unjust suffering is ultimately redeemed and used for a higher, redemptive purpose.
* [1 Peter 2:19-21](/1_peter/2-19-21 "Suffering for Righteousness' Sake"): This passage speaks to the commendable nature of enduring suffering for righteousness' sake, even when unjustly treated. Joseph's example serves as a biblical model of patient endurance and faithfulness in the face of unmerited hardship, aligning with the call to follow Christ's example in suffering.

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Joseph's experience in [Genesis 39:22](/genesis/39-22 "Joseph's Authority in Prison") offers profound insights for believers navigating their own challenges. It serves as a powerful reminder that God's presence and favor are not contingent on our circumstances or freedom, but can powerfully manifest even within the confines of adversity. Joseph's unwavering integrity, diligence, and faithfulness, even when unjustly imprisoned, earned him extraordinary trust and responsibility. This teaches us that our character, cultivated in the hidden places of suffering and unseen by the world, is always observed by God and can become the very foundation for future opportunities and divine elevation. The prison, for Joseph, became an unlikely training ground, equipping him with administrative skills and a deeper reliance on God, preparing him for his eventual role as prime minister. This encourages us to trust that God can use our current difficulties, no matter how restrictive or unfair they seem, to refine our character, develop our gifts, and prepare us for the greater purposes He has ordained, often transforming our "prisons" into platforms for His glory.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what "prisons" or difficult circumstances in your life might God be present, working to prepare you for a greater purpose?**
* **How can Joseph's example of integrity and diligence in adversity inspire you to maintain your character even when no one seems to be watching or when you feel unjustly treated?**
* **How does the knowledge of God's sovereign hand in Joseph's life encourage you to trust Him with your own unexpected detours and setbacks?**

### FAQ
**How could a prisoner be given such authority?**

Answer: Joseph's unique elevation was primarily due to his exceptional character, his evident administrative competence, and, most importantly, the clear favor of God upon him, explicitly stated in [Genesis 39:21](/genesis/39-21 "God's Favor on Joseph in Prison"). Ancient Egyptian prisons were not always as rigidly structured as modern ones; they could be more akin to large estates or administrative compounds where trusted individuals, even prisoners, might be given significant responsibilities if they proved capable and reliable. The keeper, recognizing Joseph's integrity and the divine blessing on his endeavors, chose to delegate all responsibility to him, likely finding his own burden lightened and the prison better managed.

**What does "he was the doer [of it]" imply about Joseph's role?**

Answer: This phrase, derived from the Hebrew verb *'âsâh* (H6213), signifies that Joseph was far more than a mere supervisor. He was the active agent, the primary manager, and the one who *performed* or *made happen* all activities within the prison. This means he was responsible for organizing, directing, making decisions, and ensuring the smooth operation of all daily functions, effectively acting as the chief administrator. His role encompassed full operational control, not just oversight.

**Does this verse suggest God causes bad things to happen to people for their good?**

Answer: While God is entirely sovereign and can indeed use all circumstances, including suffering and injustice, for His ultimate redemptive purposes (as seen in [Genesis 50:20](/genesis/50-20 "God's Good Purpose in Joseph's Suffering")), this verse primarily highlights God's *presence* and *favor* with Joseph *within* his unjust suffering. It demonstrates God's ability to transform adversity into a training ground and a step towards fulfilling His divine plan, rather than actively causing the initial injustice. The focus is on God's sustaining power and redemptive work *through* difficult situations, showcasing His capacity to bring good out of evil, not on His direct causation of the evil itself.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Joseph's narrative, particularly his elevation to authority from the depths of unjust suffering, serves as a profound and compelling type of Christ. Like Joseph, Jesus was innocent, yet He suffered unjustly, falsely accused and condemned by those He came to save. He was "committed to the hand" of His enemies, enduring the ultimate imprisonment of death on the cross (cf. [Luke 23:46](/luke/23-46 "Jesus Commits His Spirit")). Yet, through His suffering, death, and triumphant resurrection, God the Father exalted Him to the highest authority, giving Him "all authority in heaven and on earth" (as declared in [Matthew 28:18](/matthew/28-18 "All Authority Given to Christ")). Just as Joseph used his delegated power to save his family and a nation from physical famine, Christ, through His ultimate sacrifice and sovereign rule, provides eternal salvation and spiritual sustenance for all who believe, delivering humanity from the spiritual famine of sin and death (cf. [John 6:35](/john/6-35 "Jesus, the Bread of Life")). Joseph's journey from the pit to the prison to the palace powerfully foreshadows Christ's path from humiliation to exaltation, ultimately bringing life, redemption, and reconciliation to His people (see [Philippians 2:8-11](/philippians/2-8-11 "Christ's Humiliation and Exaltation")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Genesis 39:4

And Joseph found grace in his sight, and he served him: and he made him overseer over his house, and all [that] he had he put into his hand.

Genesis 40:3

And he put them in ward in the house of the captain of the guard, into the prison, the place where Joseph [was] bound.

Genesis 40:4

And the captain of the guard charged Joseph with them, and he served them: and they continued a season in ward.

Psalms 37:3

Trust in the LORD, and do good; [so] shalt thou dwell in the land, and verily thou shalt be fed.

1 Samuel 2:30

Wherefore the LORD God of Israel saith, I said indeed [that] thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before me for ever: but now the LORD saith, Be it far from me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me shall be lightly esteemed.

Genesis 39:9

[There is] none greater in this house than I; neither hath he kept back any thing from me but thee, because thou [art] his wife: how then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?

Psalms 37:11

But the meek shall inherit the earth; and shall delight themselves in the abundance of peace.