Genesis 25:17

KJV

And these [are] the years of the life of Ishmael, an hundred and thirty and seven years: and he gave up the ghost and died; and was gathered unto his people.

KJV (with Strong's)

And these are the years {H8141} of the life {H2416} of Ishmael {H3458}, an hundred {H3967}{H8141} and thirty {H7970}{H8141} and seven {H7651} years {H8141}: and he gave up the ghost {H1478} and died {H4191}; and was gathered {H622} unto his people {H5971}.

Complete Jewish Bible

This is how long Yishma'el lived: 137 years. Then he breathed his last, died and was gathered to his people.

Berean Standard Bible

Ishmael lived a total of 137 years. Then he breathed his last and died, and was gathered to his people.

American Standard Version

And these are the years of the life of Ishmael, a hundred and thirty and seven years: and he gave up the ghost and died, and was gathered unto his people.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Genesis 25:17 meticulously records the death of Ishmael at the advanced age of 137 years, stating that he "gave up the ghost and died; and was gathered unto his people." This pivotal verse concludes the biblical account of Abraham's firstborn son, underscoring God's unwavering faithfulness in fulfilling His promises of longevity and prosperity even to those outside the direct covenant line of Isaac, while simultaneously marking a significant transition in the unfolding patriarchal history.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Genesis 25:17 serves as the concluding statement to the brief but significant account of Ishmael's life, immediately following the detailed genealogy of his twelve sons (Genesis 25:12-16). This placement highlights the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that Ishmael would become the father of twelve princes and a great nation (Genesis 17:20). The verse also directly follows the death of Abraham (Genesis 25:7-8), establishing a chronological progression in the patriarchal narrative. By recording Ishmael's death, the text effectively closes one chapter of Abraham's extended family, allowing the narrative to fully pivot and concentrate on the lineage of Isaac, through whom the primary covenant promises would be perpetuated.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In the ancient Near East, longevity was often regarded as a sign of divine favor and blessing, a concept deeply embedded in the biblical worldview. The precise mention of Ishmael's age, 137 years, places him among the long-lived patriarchs, though his lifespan is notably shorter than Abraham's 175 years but still substantial. The phrase "gathered unto his people" is a significant cultural and theological idiom for death in the ancient world, implying a peaceful passing and a joining with one's ancestors in the realm of the departed. This concept reflects a worldview where family and lineage extended beyond physical life, providing a sense of continuity and belonging even in death.
* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes to several overarching themes within Genesis and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it powerfully reinforces the theme of **God's unwavering faithfulness to His promises**, demonstrating that even promises made concerning Ishmael, who was not the covenant heir, were meticulously fulfilled (see [Genesis 17:20](/genesis/17-20 "God's Promise to Abraham Regarding Ishmael") and [Genesis 21:13](/genesis/21-13 "God's Assurance to Abraham Regarding Ishmael")). Secondly, it highlights the **universality of mortality**, reminding readers that even those blessed with long lives eventually face death, a truth echoed throughout Scripture. Lastly, the phrase "gathered unto his people" introduces an early biblical glimpse into the ancient understanding of **death as a transition**, rather than an absolute end, hinting at a collective realm of the departed, which would later be more fully developed in concepts like Sheol.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Genesis 25:17 succinctly details the end of Ishmael's life, emphasizing both his advanced age and the manner of his passing.

#### Key Word Analysis
* **life (Hebrew, _chay'_):** From H2416, meaning "alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively." In this context, "life" refers to Ishmael's physical existence and the duration of his earthly journey. The mention of his "years of life" emphasizes the completion of his divinely allotted time, a period marked by God's sustaining hand.
* **gave up the ghost (Hebrew, _gâvaʻ'_):** From H1478, a primitive root meaning "to breathe out, i.e. (by implication) expire; die, be dead, give up the ghost, perish." This idiom vividly describes the act of dying, the final exhalation that marks the cessation of physical life. Its use here, alongside "and died," underscores the definitive and irreversible nature of Ishmael's physical demise.
* **people (Hebrew, _ʻam'_):** From H5971, meaning "a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock." In the phrase "gathered unto his people," 'am refers to the collective body of his ancestors or kin who have already passed away. It suggests a spiritual reunion or joining with the departed community, emphasizing a sense of belonging and continuity beyond the grave.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And these [are] the years of the life of Ishmael, an hundred and thirty and seven years:"** This clause precisely states Ishmael's lifespan. The specific mention of 137 years signifies a full and long life by ancient standards, indicating God's blessing and faithfulness to His promise that Ishmael would become the father of a great nation, a promise that implicitly included a long life for its progenitor. This numerical detail also serves as a chronological marker within the patriarchal narratives.
* **"and he gave up the ghost and died;"** This phrase is a common Hebrew idiom for the act of expiring. "Gave up the ghost" (Hebrew: *gâvaʻ*) literally means "to breathe out" or "to expire," while "died" (Hebrew: *mûwth*) confirms the physical cessation of life. The combination emphasizes the finality and reality of his physical demise, signifying the departure of the life-breath or spirit from the body, a universal human experience.
* **"and was gathered unto his people."** This profound and recurring biblical idiom (Hebrew: *ne'esaf el-'ammav*) describes a peaceful, natural death in old age. It suggests more than just burial in a family tomb; it implies a spiritual joining or reunion with one's ancestors in the realm of the departed, often understood as Sheol (the grave or the collective abode of the dead). For Ishmael, it signifies his peaceful integration into the collective history of his forefathers, providing a sense of rest and belonging beyond physical life.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several significant literary devices. The use of **Idiom** is prominent, particularly in the phrases "gave up the ghost" and "was gathered unto his people." These are not literal descriptions but well-understood Hebrew expressions for the act of dying and passing into the afterlife, conveying a sense of finality and spiritual transition. The precise enumeration of Ishmael's age ("an hundred and thirty and seven years") functions as a **Chronological Marker**, anchoring the narrative in a specific timeline and contributing to the historical realism of the patriarchal accounts. Furthermore, the recurring phrase "gathered unto his people" (also used for Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob) serves as a **Theological Motif**, suggesting a consistent ancient Israelite understanding of death as a transition to a collective realm of the departed, hinting at a continuity of existence beyond the physical body and subtly foreshadowing the concept of a communal destiny for God's people.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Ishmael's death, as recorded in Genesis 25:17, serves as a profound testament to God's unwavering faithfulness. Despite the complex circumstances of Ishmael's birth and his separation from Isaac, God meticulously fulfilled every promise He made concerning him, demonstrating His character of reliability and grace even to those outside the direct covenant line of promise. This narrative also powerfully underscores the universal reality of human mortality, reminding us that all flesh is grass, and even those blessed with long lives and prosperity eventually face death. The phrase "gathered unto his people" offers an early, nuanced glimpse into the ancient Israelite understanding of death, suggesting a transition to a collective realm of the departed, hinting at a continuity of existence and a sense of belonging beyond the physical grave.

* [Genesis 17:20](/genesis/17-20 "God's Promise to Abraham Regarding Ishmael")
* [Genesis 25:8](/genesis/25-8 "Abraham Gathered to His People")
* [Hebrews 9:27](/hebrews/9-27 "It is Appointed for Man to Die Once")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The record of Ishmael's death in Genesis 25:17 offers several profound reflections for contemporary believers. Firstly, it serves as a stark reminder of the universal reality of human mortality; our days are numbered, and life on earth is finite. This truth should compel us to live with intentionality, seeking to honor God with the time and gifts He has given us, recognizing the brevity of our earthly pilgrimage. More significantly, Ishmael's story is a powerful testament to God's unwavering faithfulness. Even for one whose life was marked by complexities and separation from the direct covenant line, God's promises were meticulously fulfilled. This offers immense comfort and reassurance: if God is faithful to His word concerning Ishmael, how much more will He be faithful to those who are in Christ, the heir of all promises? This deepens our trust in His character and His unfailing love. Furthermore, the gentle biblical portrayal of death as being "gathered unto his people" can offer a peaceful perspective on passing, suggesting a transition into rest and reunion, providing solace and hope for believers facing loss, knowing that death is not an ultimate end but a transition to a greater fellowship.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does Ishmael's life and death, particularly God's faithfulness to him, deepen your understanding of God's character?**
* **In what ways does the reality of mortality, as highlighted by Ishmael's death, influence how you prioritize your life and walk with God?**
* **What comfort or hope can you draw from the biblical concept of being "gathered unto his people" when contemplating death or loss?**

### FAQ
**What does "gathered unto his people" mean in the Bible?**

Answer: The phrase "gathered unto his people" (Hebrew: *ne'esaf el-'ammav*) is a common biblical idiom for death, particularly a peaceful one in old age. It signifies more than just a physical burial in a family tomb. Theologically, it suggests a spiritual reunion with one's ancestors or kin in the realm of the departed, often understood as Sheol (the grave or the collective abode of the dead). It implies a sense of continuity, rest, and belonging beyond physical life, rather than a violent or isolated end, reflecting an early understanding of an afterlife where the deceased join a collective assembly of their forefathers. This idiom is used for other patriarchs like Abraham in [Genesis 25:8](/genesis/25-8 "Abraham's Death and Burial") and Isaac in [Genesis 35:29](/genesis/35-29 "Isaac's Death and Burial").

**Does God's blessing on Ishmael diminish the significance of the covenant with Isaac?**

Answer: No, God's blessing on Ishmael does not diminish the unique and distinct significance of His covenant with Isaac. While God promised to make Ishmael a great nation and bless him, demonstrating His general benevolence and faithfulness (as seen in [Genesis 17:20](/genesis/17-20 "God's Promise Regarding Ishmael")), the specific, redemptive covenant promises concerning the land, the innumerable descendants, and the coming Messiah were exclusively established and perpetuated through Isaac's lineage. God explicitly stated to Abraham, "But My covenant I will establish with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you at this time next year" ([Genesis 17:21](/genesis/17-21 "God's Covenant with Isaac Confirmed")). Ishmael's blessing operates distinctly from the specific covenant line that ultimately leads to Christ, highlighting God's sovereign choice in His redemptive plan.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Ishmael is not in the direct messianic lineage, the account of his death, particularly God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to him, points to Christ in profound ways. God's unwavering commitment to His word, even to those outside the immediate covenant of grace, foreshadows His ultimate and perfect faithfulness in sending Christ to redeem all who believe, regardless of their earthly lineage or past (see [Romans 15:8](/romans/15-8 "Christ, a Servant to the Circumcision")). The promise of a "great nation" for Ishmael, though fulfilled physically through his descendants, finds its spiritual and ultimate fulfillment in the vast, multi-ethnic "great multitude that no one could number, from every nation, from all tribes and peoples and languages," who are gathered in Christ, forming the true spiritual Israel (as depicted in [Revelation 7:9](/revelation/7-9 "The Multitude from Every Nation")). Furthermore, the ancient concept of being "gathered unto his people" finds its ultimate and glorious fulfillment in the Christian hope of being gathered with Christ and all the saints in the heavenly kingdom. Through Christ's victory over death, believers are assured of a true, eternal rest and reunion, not merely with earthly ancestors, but with the Lord Himself and the entire family of God, where death is swallowed up in victory and sorrow is no more (see [John 14:1-3](/john/14-1-3 "Jesus Promises to Return") and [1 Thessalonians 4:16-17](/1_thessalonians/4-16-17 "The Lord's Coming")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Genesis 15:15

And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace; thou shalt be buried in a good old age.

Genesis 25:7

And these [are] the days of the years of Abraham's life which he lived, an hundred threescore and fifteen years.

Genesis 25:8

Then Abraham gave up the ghost, and died in a good old age, an old man, and full [of years]; and was gathered to his people.