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Ezekiel 2:9

“The Scroll of Judgment”Ezekiel 2:9–10

King James Version
And when I looked, behold, an hand was sent unto me; and, lo, a roll of a book was therein;

Bible text: King James Version (1769 Blayney text) · Public domain

KJV (with Strong's)
And when I looked H7200, behold, an hand H3027 was sent H7971 unto me; and, lo, a roll H4039 of a book H5612 was therein;

Bible text: King James Version with Strong's numbers · Public domain

Berean Standard Bible
Then I looked and saw a hand reaching out to me, and in it was a scroll,

Bible text: Berean Standard Bible · Public domain

American Standard Version
And when I looked, behold, a hand was put forth unto me; and, lo, a roll of a book was therein;

Bible text: American Standard Version (1901) · Public domain

World English Bible Messianic
When I looked, behold, a hand was stretched out to me; and, behold, a scroll of a book was therein;

Bible text: World English Bible, Messianic edition · Public domain

Geneva Bible (1599)
And when I looked vp, beholde, an hande was sent vnto me, and loe, a roule of a booke was therein.

Bible text: Geneva Bible (1599) · Public domain

Young's Literal Translation
And I look, and lo, a hand is sent forth unto me, and lo, in it a roll of a book,

Bible text: Young's Literal Translation · Public domain

King James Version — Interlinear
9 Hebrew words
  1. וָאֶרְאֶהva·'er·'Ehand I sawH7200Conj-w ¦ V-Qal-ConsecImperf-1csVerb Qal Consecutive Imperfect 1st Singular common genderוָandאֶרְאֶהI saw
  2. וְהִנֵּהve·hi·nehand there!H2009Conj-w ¦ PrtParticle Interjectionוְandהִנֵּהthere!
  3. יָדyada handH3027N-csNoun Singular common gender Absolute
  4. שְׁלוּחָהshe·lu·Chah[was] stretched outH7971V-Qal-PassPrtcpl-fsVerb Qal Participle Passive Singular Feminine Absolute
  5. אֵלָי'e·Laito meH413Prep ¦ 1csPrepositionאֵלָtoיme
  6. וְהִנֵּהve·hi·nehand there!H2009Conj-w ¦ PrtParticle Interjectionוְandהִנֵּהthere!
  7. בוֹvo[was] in itPrep-b ¦ 3msSuffix Personal 3rd Singular Masculineב[was] inוֹit
  8. מְגִלַּתme·gi·lata scroll ofH4039N-fscNoun Singular Feminine Construct
  9. סֵפֶרSe·fera documentH5612N-msNoun Singular Masculine Absolute
English is a literal word-by-word gloss of the Hebrew, not the KJV's wording. Why?

This is the original text the KJV's translators worked from — each Hebrew word with its own literal English meaning in this verse, prepared by scholars at Tyndale House, Cambridge. The KJV translates whole sentences, not word by word, so its wording differs: one Hebrew word can become several English words, and the KJV may choose “the LORD” where the gloss reads “Yahweh”. Both are faithful — they answer different questions. For the KJV's own rendering, switch to the KJV text.

Words in [ ] are added by the English.

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Study this verse

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This verse

Ezekiel looks and sees a hand stretched out to him holding a written scroll, showing that the message he will carry comes from God himself.

“And when I looked, behold,”

Ezekiel’s seeing (râʼâh) is met at once by something striking, and hinnēh marks it as worth his full attention. He has just been charged to speak to a rebellious house (Ezekiel 2:5–7).

“an hand was sent unto me;”

A hand stretched out toward the prophet. God himself reaches out to the man he is sending.

“and, lo, a roll of a book was therein;”

“Therein” is in the hand. The scroll is held out for Ezekiel to take, and “lo” repeats the word behind “behold”.

Passage studyEzekiel 2:9–10

God Hands Ezekiel a Scroll of Woe

9And when I looked, behold, an hand was sent unto me; and, lo, a roll of a book was therein; 10And he spread it before me; and it was written within and without: and there was written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe.

Summary

Ezekiel has seen the glory of God and has been sent to a rebellious house. Now he looks, and a hand is stretched out to him holding a scroll. It is spread open before him, and it is written on both sides, front and back, with lamentations, mourning and woe. In two verses God shows his prophet that the message he is to carry comes from God’s own hand, that it is written and settled, and that for this people it is full of grief because of their sin.

Where the scroll comes in Ezekiel’s call

Ezekiel was a priest living among the Judean exiles by the river Chebar in Babylon. He had been carried there in the deportation of 597 BC, along with King Jehoiachin and the leading people of Jerusalem, and he received this vision around 593 BC. The exiles had already felt God’s judgment in being taken from their land. Even so, many of them were unrepentant, struggling to square their circumstances with God’s covenant promises and holding on to the hope of a quick return to Jerusalem and its temple.

Ezekiel’s call fills the opening chapters of his book. In Ezekiel 1 he sees the glory of God. In Ezekiel 2:1–8 he is told to stand on his feet and is sent to the house of Israel, which God calls rebellious, stubborn and hard-hearted. These two verses are the climax of that encounter. What Ezekiel is shown here he is about to take into himself, for in Ezekiel 3:1–3 he is told to eat the scroll, and it is “in my mouth as honey for sweetness”. The words he will speak are first handed to him whole and then made part of him, and the rest of Ezekiel 3 completes his commission and warning.

The hand that holds out the scroll

“And when I looked, behold” opens on what Ezekiel sees. The verb for looked, râʼâh, is the usual word for seeing and perceiving, and Ezekiel is the one who receives. “Behold”, hinnēh, calls attention to something striking and unexpected, and the same word comes back as “lo” before the scroll is named.

The word for hand, yâd, is the ordinary Hebrew word, and in Scripture the hand stands for power and action. With “by” in front of it, “by the hand of” names the one through whom something is done, and God’s word sent through his prophets is one use of that phrase. The verb “sent”, shâlach, means to send or to stretch out, and it is used especially of stretching out the hand. So the picture is a hand stretched out toward Ezekiel, holding something for him to take. The initiative is all God’s. The message does not begin in Ezekiel’s mind or imagination. It is given to him from outside, by the God who called him.

Ezekiel sees this hand in a vision of God’s presence, and Scripture speaks of God’s hand in human terms so that we can understand his action, with no suggestion that he has a body like ours. The same hand acts all through Israel’s story. It was God’s mighty hand that delivered Israel from Egypt (Exodus 3:20), and the tables of the law were written with the finger of God (Exodus 31:18). When God called Jeremiah, he put forth his hand and touched the prophet’s mouth to give him the words he was to speak (Jeremiah 1:9). Ezekiel is called in the same way. He is a messenger, faithfully carrying a word that someone else has written.

Why God gives his word as a written scroll

“A roll of a book” joins two Hebrew words. Mᵉgillâh comes from the root “to roll” and means a scroll or volume. Çêpher means writing, a document or a book. Together they describe a written scroll, the common form of a document in Israel and the way laws, records and prophetic oracles were kept and passed on.

God could have spoken to Ezekiel only aloud, and he did speak to him. Here he also shows him the message as a finished text, complete before the prophet says a word of it. A written word is fixed and precise. It can be read, kept and handed on, and it stands as a lasting record of what God has said. That is how God gave his law: he gave Moses tables of stone (Exodus 24:12), and Moses wrote the words of the law in a book until they were finished (Deuteronomy 31:24). Isaiah was told to bind up the testimony and seal the law among his disciples (Isaiah 8:16). The scroll in Ezekiel’s vision belongs with these. God’s word to his people is written, settled and meant to last.

At the end of the Bible, John sees a scroll in the right hand of him that sits on the throne, “written within and on the backside” (Revelation 5:1), much like the one Ezekiel sees.

What happens when the scroll is spread open

“And he spread it before me” uses the verb pâras, which means to break apart, to disperse or to spread. Here it is to spread out or lay open. The one who holds the scroll unrolls it in front of Ezekiel so that all of it can be seen. Ezekiel did not go looking for this message. God lays it open before him in full, the hard parts with the rest.

The verb for “written”, kâthab, is the ordinary word for writing, from a root meaning to engrave or inscribe, and the word “written” comes back in the next clause. What is on this scroll has been set down and fixed. It is God’s decree, and it will be fulfilled.

Why was the scroll written on both sides?

The writing covers both sides because the message was so full. Scrolls in Israel were normally written on the inside only. This one is written “within and without”, on the inside and the outside, so the eye meets the writing before the scroll is even unrolled. The message is so large and so urgent that it fills every surface, and there is no room left on it for anything else.

For a rebellious people, that means grief from edge to edge. Israel’s sin has been fully accounted for, and God’s answer to it will be thorough and inescapable, with nothing in their rebellion left unaddressed. The full scroll also shows how complete God’s word is. Ezekiel receives it whole, and there is nothing for him to add to it.

Lamentations, and mourning, and woe

The last clause names what is written. “Lamentations” is qîynâh, a dirge, the mournful song sung at funerals and in times of national disaster, sometimes with beating of the breast or with instruments. “Mourning” is hegeh, a moaning, groaning or sighing sound that comes with deep grief. “Woe” is hîy, a cry of lament. The three words are stacked one on another, and together they speak of sorrow that is intense and complete.

These words name the grief that judgment will bring, and so they stand for the judgment itself. They also set the tone for much of what Ezekiel will say. The first half of his book centres on the coming destruction of Jerusalem and its temple (Ezekiel 4–24). The exiles hoped to go home soon, and the scroll tells Ezekiel that the city they longed for would fall.

This judgment is what God had long warned his people about. The covenant itself set out curses for disobedience (Deuteronomy 28:15), and a people who broke it persistently, with idolatry and unfaithfulness, would meet what God had said. Jeremiah was sent with a similar charge, to root out and pull down before he could build and plant (Jeremiah 1:10). The thoroughness of the scroll also points ahead to the books opened at the final judgment, when the dead are judged by what is written in them (Revelation 20:12).

God is merciful, patient and longsuffering, and his justice is sure, and what he declares he fulfils. His word holds warnings, calls to repentance and plain statements of what sin brings. They are given to wake a people to the gravity of their condition, and Ezekiel was sent to speak all of it, the woe included.

The scroll and Christ

Ezekiel received a written word from God’s hand. In Christ, God has given his Word in person. “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God,” and all things were made by him (John 1:1–3). God, who spoke by the prophets, “hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son” (Hebrews 1:1–2). The hand that sent the scroll to Ezekiel finds its fullest expression in the Father sending his Son into the world (John 3:16). And when John sees the sealed scroll of God’s final purposes, Christ alone has prevailed to open it (Revelation 5:5).

The scroll Ezekiel saw was full of woe for a sinful people, and Christ carried that woe. He is the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29), and he bore the suffering foretold of the servant in Isaiah 53. God made him to be sin for us so that we might be made righteous in him (2 Corinthians 5:21), and so there is no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus (Romans 8:1). The lamentation written on Ezekiel’s scroll was fully deserved, and in Christ God turns the mourning of his people into dancing (Psalm 30:11).

A word given whole from God’s hand

These verses show us where Scripture comes from. Ezekiel’s message reached him from God’s own outstretched hand, already written and complete, and the Bible we hold is that same kind of word: authoritative, settled and lasting. Ezekiel received it with reverence, took it into himself, and then spoke it, and the same word still shapes the people who receive it.

The scroll also shows that God’s word includes hard things. It was written front and back with grief, because God sees sin fully and judges it truly. That same God sent his Son to bear the woe, so the whole of his word, its warnings and its comfort together, comes to us from a God who is both just and merciful.

Last revised

Public-domain commentary

Matthew Henry

From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry wrote on whole passages, and this entry covers Ezekiel 2:6–10. He set out his notes in a three-level outline, kept here as he numbered it.

1662–1714 · 5 verses
Passage under commentEzekiel 2:6–10
I. II. Main points1. 2. Sub-points(1.) (2.) Details

The prophet, having received his commission, here receives a charge with it. It is a post of honour to which he is advanced, but withal it is a post of service and work, and it is here required of him,

I.That he be bold.

He must act in the discharge of this trust with an undaunted courage and resolution, and not be either driven off from his work or made to drive on heavily, by the difficulties and oppositions that he would be likely to meet with in it: Son of man, be not afraid of them, Ezekiel 2:6. Note, Those that will do any thing to purpose in the service of God must not be afraid of the face of man; for the fear of men will bring a snare, which will be very entangling to us in the work of God.

1.God tells the prophet what was the character of those to whom he sent him, as before, Ezekiel 2:3, Ezekiel 2:4. They are briers and thorns, scratching, and tearing, and vexing a man, which way soever he turns. They are continually teazing God's prophets and entangling them in their talk (Matthew 22:15); they are pricking briers and grieving thorns. The best of them is as a brier, and the most upright sharper than a thorn-hedge, Micah 7:4. Thorns and briers are the fruit of sin and the curse, and of equal date with the enmity between the seed of the woman and the seed of the serpent. Note, Wicked men, especially the persecutors of God's prophets and people, are as briers and thorns, which are hurtful to the ground, choke the good seed, hinder God's husbandry, are vexatious to his husbandmen; but they are nigh unto cursing and their end is to be burned. Yet God makes use of them sometimes for the correction and instruction of his people, as Gideon taught the men of Succoth with thorns and briers, Judges 8:16. Yet this is not the worst of their character: they are scorpions, venomous and malignant. The sting of a scorpion is a thousand times more hurtful than the scratch of a brier. persecutors are a generation of vipers, are of the serpent's seed, and the poison of asps is under their tongue; and they are more subtle than any beast of the field. And, which makes the prophet's case the more grievous, he dwells among these scorpions; they are continually about him, so that he cannot be safe nor quiet in his own house; these bad men are his bad neighbours, who thereby have many opportunities, and will let slip none, to do him a mischief. God takes notice of this to the prophet, as Christ to the angel of one of the churches, Revelation 2:13. I know thy works, and where thou dwellest, even where Satan's seat is. Ezekiel had been, in vision, conversing with angels, but when he comes down from this mount he finds he dwells with scorpions.

2.He tells him what would be their conduct towards him, that they would do what they could to frighten him with their looks and their words; they would hector him and threaten him, would look scornfully and spitefully at him, and do their utmost to face him down and put him our of countenance, that they might drive him off from being a prophet, or at least from telling them of their faults and threatening them with the judgments of God; or, if they could not prevail in this, that they might vex and perplex him, and disturb the repose of his mind. They were now themselves in subjection, divested of all power, so that they had no other way of persecuting the prophet than with their looks and their words; and so they did persecute him. Behold, thou hast spoken and done evil things as thou couldest, Jeremiah 3:5. If they had had more power, they would have done more mischief. They were now in captivity, smarting for their rebellion, and particularly their misusing God's prophets; and yet they are as bad as ever. Though thou brag a fool in a mortar, yet will not his foolishness depart from him; no providences will of themselves humble and reform men, unless the grace of God work with them. But, how malicious soever they were, Ezekiel must not be afraid of them nor dismayed, he must not be deterred from his work, or any part of it, nor be disheartened or dispirited in it by all their menaces, but go on in it with resolution and cheerfulness, assuring himself of safety under the divine protection.

II.It is required that he be faithful, Ezekiel 2:7.

1. he must be faithful to Christ who sent him: Thou shalt speak my words unto them. Note, As it is the honour of prophets that they are entrusted to speak God's words, so it is their duty to cleave closely to them and to speak nothing but what is agreeable to the words of God. Ministers must always speak according to that rule. 2. He must be faithful to the souls of those to whom he was sent: Whether they will hear of whether they will forbear, he must deliver his message to them as he received it. He must bring them to comply with the word, and not study to accommodate the word to their humours. "It is true they are most rebellious, they are rebellion itself; but, however, speak my words to them, whether they are pleasing or unpleasing." Note, The untractableness and unprofitableness of people under the word are no good reason why ministers should leave off preaching to them; nor must we decline an opportunity by which good may be done, though we have a great deal of reason to think no good will be done.

III.It is required that he be observant of his instructions.

1.Here is a general intimation what the instructions were that were given him, in the contents of the book which was spread before him, Ezekiel 2:10.

(1.)His instructions were large; for the roll was written within and without, on the inside and on the outside of the roll. It was as a sheet of paper written on all the four sides. One side contained their sins; the other side contained the judgments of God coming upon them for those sins. Note, God has a great deal to say to his people when they have degenerated and become rebellious.

(2.)His instructions were melancholy. He was sent on a sad errand; the matter contained in the book was, lamentations, and mourning, and woe. The idea of his message is taken from the impression it would make upon the minds of those that carefully attended to it; it would set them a weeping and crying out, Woe! and, Alas! Both the discoveries of sin and the denunciations of wrath would be matter of lamentation. What could be more lamentable, more mournful, more woeful, than to see a holy happy people sunk into such a state of sin and misery as it appears by the prophecy of this book the Jews were at this time? Ezekiel echoes to Jeremiah's lamentations. Note, Though God is rich in mercy, yet impenitent sinners will find there are even among his words lamentations and woe.

2.Here is an express charge given to the prophet to observe his instructions, both in receiving his message and delivering it. he is now to receive it and is here commanded,

(1.)To attend diligently to it: son of man, hear what I say unto thee, Ezekiel 2:8. Note, Those that speak from God to others must be sure to hear from God themselves and be obedient to his voice: "Be not thou rebellious; do not refuse to go on this errand, or to deliver it; do not fly off, as Jonah did, for fear of disobliging thy countrymen. They are a rebellious house, among whom thou livest; but be not thou like them, do not comply with them in any thing that is evil." If ministers, who are reprovers by office, connive at sin and indulge sinners, either show them not their wickedness or show them not the fatal consequences of it, for fear of displeasing them and getting their ill-will, they hereby make themselves partakers of their guilt and are rebellious like them. If people will not do their duty in reforming, yet let ministers do theirs in reproving, and they will have the comfort of it in the reflection, whatever the success be, as that prophet had, Isaiah 50:5. The Lord God has opened my ear, and I was not rebellious. Even the best of men, when their lot is cast in bad times and places, have need to be cautioned against the worst of crimes.

(2.)To digest it in his own mind by an experience of the favour and power of it: "Do not only hear what I say unto thee, but open thy mouth, and eat that which I give thee. Prepare to eat it and eat it willingly and with an appetite." All God's children are content to be at their heavenly father's finding, and to eat whatever he gives them. That which God's hand reached out to Ezekiel was a roll of a book, or the volume of a book, a book or scroll of paper or parchment fully written and rolled up. Divine revelation comes to us from the hand of Christ; he gave it to the prophets, Revelation 1:1. When we look at the roll of thy book we must have an eye to the hand by which it is sent to us. He that brought it to the prophet spread it before him, that he might now swallow it with an implicit faith, but might fully understand the contents of it, and then receive it and make it his own. Be not rebellious, says Christ, but eat what I give thee. If we receive not what Christ in his ordinances and providences allots for us, if we submit not to his word and rod, and reconcile not ourselves to both, we shall be accounted rebellious.

Historical interpretation

Four Centuries of Reception

7 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.

7 quotes · AD 235–604
Ante-NicenePost-NiceneEarly Medieval
300400500600

Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.

d. AD 235Hippolytus of RomeAnte-NiceneSourceFRAGMENT 3
The scroll symbolizes the prophets and the apostles. In it the Old Testament was written on the reverse and the New on the obverse. Moreover, the scroll symbolizes the secret, the spiritual teaching—and in such a dignified manner that it may be read on both sides. In reality it is of such a kind that there is a connection between reading the outside and understanding the inside.
d. AD 420JeromePost-NiceneSourceCommentary on Ezekiel
(Verse 9.) In which was a wrapped book, and he unfolded it before me, and it was written inside and outside: and there were written in it lamentations, and a song, and woe. And he said to me: Son of man, whatever you find, eat. Concerning the wrapped book, the seventy chapters of the book were translated. In the hand of the Lord sitting on the throne, which was sent and extended. Concerning which it is also said in the Psalms: In the chapter of the book it is written about me (Psalm 39:8). Chapter, let us understand the beginning. This book was wrapped and sealed, written inside and outside, or before and after, of such difficulty that no one was able to open and read it, neither in heaven, nor on earth, nor underneath the earth, except the lion of the tribe of Judah, the root of David and Jesse, whom John in the Apocalypse said devoured it (Rev. 5), not whole, but in a chapter, that is, in the beginning. For it is impossible for human nature to devour the entire treasure of this book. And He unfolded it before the prophet, and He made it available to be read and understood, who is said to be marked in Isaiah as belonging to the people who do not believe (Isa. XXIX). For even to this day the veil is placed upon the Jews in the old Testament. And it was written before and after; concerning things to come and concerning things past. Truly, outwardly in historical writing, but inwardly in spiritual understanding, of which the Psalmist says: The glory of the king's daughter is from within (Psal. XLIV, 14). And there were written in it both inward and outward lamentations, and song, and woe. Lamentations, concerning those who are called to penance, just as Samuel and the Apostle Paul mourned and lamented for Saul and the Corinthians, whom they desired to save (2 Chronicles 16; 2 Corinthians 12). Song about those who are worthy of God's testimony, and whom the Psalmist commands: Sing to the Lord a new song (Psalm 95 and 97, verse 1). Furthermore, woe to those who have completely despaired and, when they come into the depths of sin, they scorn (Prov. XVIII).
d. AD 420JeromePost-NiceneSourceLETTER 147.3
If God were to stand up as the avenger of sin, the church would lose many of its saints and certainly would be deprived of the apostle Paul.
Let him therefore say: "Which was written within and without," because in sacred eloquence the strong are satisfied by more hidden and sublime sayings, and we little ones are nourished by plainer precepts. Whence it is written: "The high mountains are for the deer, the rock is a refuge for the hedgehogs." For let those have the mountains of understanding who already know how to make the leaps of contemplation. But let the rock be a refuge for the hedgehogs, because we little ones, covered with the thorns of our sins, even if we cannot understand lofty things, are saved in the refuge of our rock, that is, in faith in Christ. Whence also it is said to certain ones: "I judged myself to know nothing among you except Christ Jesus, and him crucified." As if he were saying: Because I considered that you could not grasp the mysteries of his divinity, I spoke to you only of the weakness of his humanity.
"And I looked, and behold, a hand was sent to me, in which was a rolled-up book; and he spread it out before me, and it was written inside and outside." Just as the order of preachers is designated by the prophet, so the pages of Sacred Scripture are designated by the book which he received. Now the scroll is the obscure speech of Sacred Scripture, which is wrapped up in the profundity of its meanings, so that it may not easily be penetrated by the understanding of all. But the scroll is unrolled before the prophet, because the obscurity of sacred speech is opened before preachers. The hand of God had extended a rolled-up scroll when He was saying to the apostles: "The kingdom of heaven has become like a man who sowed good seed in his field. But while men were sleeping, his enemy came and sowed weeds among the wheat, and went away. And when the grass had grown and produced fruit, then the weeds also appeared," and the rest which your charity remembers even without my recounting it. But He unrolled the scroll which He had shown rolled up when He explained what He had spoken through riddles, saying: "He who sows the good seed is the Son of Man. The field is the world. The good seed, these are the sons of the kingdom; but the weeds are the sons of wickedness. The enemy who sowed them is the devil. The harvest is the consummation of the age, and the harvesters are angels. Therefore just as the weeds are gathered and burned with fire, so it will be at the consummation of the age." And so the rolled-up scroll is unrolled when what had been set forth obscurely is opened through the breadth of understanding. Truth unrolled this rolled-up scroll when He accomplished in His disciples what is written: "Then He opened their minds to understand the Scriptures."
Concerning this book it is further added: "Which was written within and without." For the book of sacred eloquence is written within through allegory, without through history. Within through spiritual understanding, but without through the simple sense of the letter, still suited to those who are weak. Within, because it promises invisible things; without, because it arranges visible things through the rectitude of its precepts. Within, because it promises heavenly things, but without because it teaches how earthly things are to be despised, whether they are to be used or fled from out of desire. For it speaks certain things concerning heavenly secrets, but commands other things in external actions. And indeed those things which it commands outwardly are plain, but those things which it narrates concerning internal matters cannot be fully apprehended.
Whence it is written: "Stretching out the heaven like a skin, who covers its upper parts in the waters." For what is signified by the name of heaven except sacred Scripture? From which the sun of wisdom, and the moon of knowledge, and from the ancient Fathers the stars of examples and virtues shine for us. This is stretched out like a skin, because, formed through the tongue of flesh by its writers, it is unfolded before our eyes by being expounded through the words of teachers. But what is signified by the name of waters except the most holy choirs of angels? Of which it is written: "And let the waters that are above the heavens praise the name of the Lord." The Lord covers the upper parts of this heaven in the waters, because the deep things of sacred eloquence, that is, those things which it narrates concerning the nature of divinity or concerning eternal joys, while we are still ignorant, are known to the angels alone in secret. Therefore this heaven is both stretched out before us, and yet its upper parts are covered in the waters, because both certain things of sacred eloquence now lie open to us through the opening of the spirit, and certain things which can be manifest to the angels alone are still kept hidden from us. Concerning which hidden things, however, we already perceive a part through spiritual understanding, we have already received the pledge of the Holy Spirit, because we have not yet fully known these things, and yet we love them from the depths of our heart, and in many spiritual senses which we have already known, we are fed with the food of truth.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.

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