Exodus 36:8

KJV

¶ And every wise hearted man among them that wrought the work of the tabernacle made ten curtains [of] fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: [with] cherubims of cunning work made he them.

KJV (with Strong's)

And every wise {H2450} hearted man {H3820} among them that wrought {H6213} the work {H4399} of the tabernacle {H4908} made {H6213} ten {H6235} curtains {H3407} of fine twined {H7806} linen {H8336}, and blue {H8504}, and purple {H713}, and scarlet {H8144}{H8438}: with cherubims {H3742} of cunning {H2803} work {H4639} made {H6213} he them.

Complete Jewish Bible

All the skilled men among them who did the work made the tabernacle, using ten sheets of finely woven linen and of blue, purple and scarlet yarn. He made them with k'ruvim worked in that had been crafted by a skilled artisan.

Berean Standard Bible

All the skilled craftsmen among the workmen made the ten curtains for the tabernacle. They were made of finely spun linen, as well as blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, with cherubim skillfully worked into them.

American Standard Version

And all the wise-hearted men among them that wrought the work made the tabernacle with ten curtains; of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, with cherubim, the work of the skilful workman, Bezalel made them.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Exodus 36:8 marks the commencement of the physical construction of the Tabernacle, specifically detailing the creation of its innermost and most sacred coverings. This verse highlights the pivotal role of divinely gifted artisans, referred to as "wise-hearted men," who meticulously crafted ten elaborate curtains. These curtains were fashioned from luxurious materials—fine twined linen, interwoven with threads of blue, purple, and scarlet—and adorned with intricate cherubim, demonstrating exceptional "cunning work." It signifies a crucial transition from the divine blueprint and communal provision of materials to the inspired and skillful execution of God's precise architectural design for His dwelling place among His people.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Exodus 36:8 is situated at a critical juncture in the narrative of the Tabernacle's construction, following a detailed sequence of divine instruction and communal response. Chapters [Exodus 25-31](/exodus/25-31 "Exodus 25 - Instructions for the Tabernacle") meticulously lay out God's precise commands regarding every aspect of the sanctuary, from its materials to its dimensions and furnishings. Immediately preceding this verse, [Exodus 35](/exodus/35 "Exodus 35 - Freewill Offerings and Skilled Workers") records the overwhelming generosity of the Israelites in bringing their freewill offerings, exceeding what was needed, and crucially, the divine appointment and empowerment of Bezalel and Aholiab, along with other skilled artisans, with the Spirit of God for this very work ([Exodus 35:30-35](/exodus/35-30-35 "Exodus 35:30-35 - Bezalel and Aholiab Appointed by God")). Thus, Exodus 36:8 serves as the narrative pivot, signaling the transition from the planning and preparation stages to the actual, physical manifestation of God's dwelling, underscoring the community's obedient and enthusiastic response to the divine call.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The construction of the Tabernacle took place in the challenging wilderness environment, during Israel's nomadic period after their liberation from Egypt. This portable sanctuary was not merely a building but the central symbol of God's tangible presence among His people, a stark contrast to the fixed temples of pagan deities in the ancient Near East. The materials specified—fine linen, and the rare and expensive blue, purple, and scarlet dyes—were highly valued and often associated with royalty, divinity, and sacred spaces in the ancient world, emphasizing the supreme honor due to Yahweh. The "cunning work" of weaving intricate cherubim required specialized, high-level craftsmanship, which the text explicitly states was divinely imparted ([Exodus 31:3](/exodus/31-3 "Exodus 31:3 - God Fills Bezalel with Skill and Understanding")). This highlights that human talent, when consecrated and divinely enabled, becomes a vessel for sacred purpose. The entire project was a profound act of communal worship, obedience, and the establishment of foundational patterns for Israelite spirituality and their unique covenant relationship with God.
* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes significantly to several overarching themes within Exodus and the broader Pentateuch. It powerfully illustrates the theme of **Divine Presence and Dwelling**, as the Tabernacle is the tangible manifestation of God's desire to reside among His people. It underscores **Divine Empowerment for Service**, emphasizing that the skills and wisdom required for sacred work are not merely natural abilities but divine endowments, as seen in the "wise-hearted men" ([Exodus 31:3](/exodus/31-3 "Exodus 31:3 - Bezalel Filled with the Spirit") and [Exodus 35:31](/exodus/35-31 "Exodus 35:31 - God Fills with Skill and Knowledge")). The meticulous detail and precious materials highlight the theme of **Excellence and Holiness in Worship**, demonstrating that God demands the highest quality and reverence in all that pertains to His glory. Finally, the communal effort involved reflects the theme of **Covenant Obedience and Community Participation**, as the entire nation contributes their resources and skills in a unified act of worship and obedience to God's commands.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Wise (Hebrew, _châkâm'_):** (H2450) Derived from a root meaning "to be wise," this term signifies not merely intellectual acumen but practical wisdom, discernment, and skill. In the context of the Tabernacle, it denotes a divinely imparted ability to execute intricate and artistic work with understanding and precision. These individuals possessed a wisdom that enabled them to translate divine instructions into tangible, beautiful craftsmanship.
* **Hearted (Hebrew, _lêb'_):** (H3820) In biblical Hebrew, "heart" (lêb) is far more comprehensive than merely the seat of emotions. It encompasses the intellect, will, conscience, and the very core of one's being, including practical skill and understanding. Thus, "wise-hearted" (châkâm lêb) indicates that the artisans' wisdom was not just theoretical but deeply integrated into their practical abilities and their very nature, making them uniquely suited for the sacred task.
* **Cunning (Hebrew, _châshab'_):** (H2803) This primitive root means "to plait or interpenetrate," leading to concepts like "to weave," "to fabricate," or "to contrive." When applied to "work" (maʻăseh, H4639), "cunning work" (maʻăseh châshab) refers to highly intricate, skillfully designed, and artfully executed craftsmanship, particularly in weaving. It implies complex patterns, like the cherubim, woven directly into the fabric rather than merely embroidered on top, requiring immense foresight and mastery.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And every wise hearted man among them that wrought the work of the tabernacle":** This opening clause immediately draws attention to the human agents divinely empowered for the task. The phrase "wise-hearted man" (châkâm lêb) signifies individuals not only intellectually astute but also possessing practical skill, discernment, and the ability to apply knowledge effectively, all of which are divinely endowed for the sacred work. It emphasizes that the construction was a communal effort, involving numerous skilled individuals, all working under divine enablement for the singular purpose of building God's dwelling.
* **"made ten curtains [of] fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet":** This specifies the primary materials and colors of the innermost layer of the Tabernacle's covering. The "ten curtains" formed the ceiling and inner walls of both the Holy Place and the Most Holy Place. "Fine twined linen" (shêsh) symbolized purity and righteousness, reflecting the holiness of God. The vibrant colors carried profound symbolism: "blue" (tᵉkêleth) represented heaven and the divine nature; "purple" (ʼargâmân) signified royalty and kingship; and "scarlet" (shânîy tôwlâʻ) pointed to atonement, sacrifice, and life, often associated with blood. These materials and colors created a visually stunning and symbolically rich enclosure, underscoring the majesty and holiness of the God who would dwell within.
* **"[with] cherubims of cunning work made he them":** This clause details the intricate design woven into the fabric of the curtains. Cherubim (kᵉrûwb) are angelic beings associated with guarding God's holiness and presence, as seen in their role guarding the Garden of Eden ([Genesis 3:24](/genesis/3-24 "Genesis 3:24 - Cherubim Guarding the Way to the Tree of Life")). Their presence on the inner curtains reinforced the sacredness of the Tabernacle as God's dwelling place, reminding those who entered of the divine presence and the need for reverence. The "cunning work" (maʻăseh châshab) signifies the extraordinary skill required to weave such complex, artistic figures directly into the very structure of the fabric, demonstrating the highest level of craftsmanship dedicated to God's glory.

#### Literary Devices
Exodus 36:8 employs several significant literary devices to convey its profound meaning. **Symbolism** is paramount, as every material and color used in the Tabernacle's construction carries deep theological significance. The "fine twined linen" symbolizes purity, the "blue" represents the heavens and God's divinity, "purple" signifies royalty and majesty, and "scarlet" points to life, blood, and atonement. The **Cherubim** themselves are potent symbols of God's holy presence and guardianship, recalling their role as guardians of sacred space. The phrase "wise hearted man" uses **Metonymy**, where "heart" stands for the entire inner person—intellect, will, and practical skill—emphasizing that the artisans' abilities were not merely physical but divinely inspired and spiritually attuned. The meticulous detail in this verse, consistent with the preceding chapters, also serves as a form of **Emphasis**, underscoring the importance of precise obedience to God's commands and the divine standard of excellence required for His sacred dwelling.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Exodus 36:8 powerfully illustrates the principle of divine empowerment for sacred service. God not only provides the blueprint and the materials but also gifts and enables His people with the necessary skills and wisdom to accomplish His work. This highlights that all true ability for God's kingdom initiatives originates from Him, calling His people to offer their best in worship and service. The meticulous craftsmanship and precious materials underscore God's demand for excellence and beauty in all that pertains to His glory, reflecting His own perfect character. The Tabernacle, with its rich symbolism, served as a tangible representation of God's desire to dwell among His people, foreshadowing a deeper, more intimate indwelling that would ultimately be realized in the New Covenant.

* [Exodus 31:3](/exodus/31-3 "Exodus 31:3 - God Fills Bezalel with Skill")
* [1 Corinthians 3:16](/1_corinthians/3-16 "1 Corinthians 3:16 - You Are God's Temple")
* [Hebrews 9:11-12](/hebrews/9-11-12 "Hebrews 9:11-12 - Christ, the Greater and More Perfect Tabernacle")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Exodus 36:8 offers profound insights for contemporary believers, reminding us that God continues to equip His people with diverse gifts and talents for the building of His spiritual house, the church. Just as the "wise-hearted men" were divinely enabled for the Tabernacle's construction, so too are believers empowered by the Holy Spirit for various forms of service, whether in teaching, administration, music, hospitality, creative arts, or even in their secular vocations. This verse challenges us to recognize that our skills and abilities are not merely our own but are divine endowments meant to be consecrated for God's glory and the advancement of His kingdom. It calls us to approach all tasks, especially those undertaken for the Lord, with excellence, diligence, and a heart of worship, understanding that our work, however seemingly small, contributes to God's ongoing redemptive purposes in the world. The meticulous detail, precious materials, and the divine standard of excellence observed in the Tabernacle's construction serve as a timeless reminder that God deserves our very best, not merely our leftovers or half-hearted efforts.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How do I identify and utilize the "wise-hearted" gifts God has given me for His kingdom work today?**
* **In what areas of my life, particularly in my service to God and others, can I strive for greater excellence and dedication, reflecting His glory?**
* **How does the meticulous craftsmanship of the Tabernacle challenge my understanding of worship and the sacredness of God's presence in my daily life and work?**

### FAQ
**What is the significance of the "wise-hearted" artisans mentioned in this verse?**

Answer: The "wise-hearted" artisans were individuals whom God had specifically gifted and empowered with the necessary skills, understanding, and knowledge for the intricate work of constructing the Tabernacle. This was not merely natural talent but a divine endowment, as explicitly stated in [Exodus 31:3](/exodus/31-3 "Exodus 31:3 - Bezalel Filled with the Spirit of God") and [Exodus 35:31](/exodus/35-31 "God Fills with Skill and Knowledge"). Their "wisdom of heart" (châkâm lêb) indicates a practical, spiritual aptitude for craftsmanship, highlighting that all true ability for God's work comes from Him and is consecrated for His purposes, demonstrating that divine enablement is crucial for sacred service.

**Why were the materials (linen, blue, purple, scarlet) for the curtains so specific and symbolically rich?**

Answer: The materials and colors were chosen by divine command and carried profound symbolic meaning, reflecting God's nature and His plan of salvation. "Fine twined linen" symbolized purity and righteousness, befitting the holiness of God's dwelling. "Blue" represented heaven and the divine nature of God, connecting the earthly sanctuary to the heavenly realm. "Purple" signified royalty and kingship, acknowledging God as the supreme sovereign. "Scarlet" pointed to atonement, sacrifice, and life, often associated with blood, foreshadowing the means by which humanity could approach a holy God. Together, these elements created a visual theological statement about the God who was dwelling among His people and the way to approach Him.

**What was the purpose of the cherubim on the Tabernacle curtains?**

Answer: The cherubim, intricately woven into the curtains, served as powerful symbols of God's holy presence and His guardianship. Their presence recalled their role in guarding the tree of life after humanity's expulsion from Eden ([Genesis 3:24](/genesis/3-24 "Genesis 3:24 - Cherubim Guarding the Way to the Tree of Life")), emphasizing the sacredness and restricted access to God's immediate presence. In the Tabernacle, they visually reinforced the holiness of the inner sanctuary, reminding those who entered that they were in the presence of the Almighty God, who is both majestic and unapproachable apart from His prescribed means. They served as a constant reminder of the awesome holiness of God and the need for reverence in His presence.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Exodus 36:8, detailing the meticulous construction of the Tabernacle's inner curtains, finds its ultimate and glorious fulfillment in Jesus Christ. The Tabernacle itself was a temporary dwelling place for God among His people, a "shadow of the good things to come" ([Hebrews 10:1](/hebrews/10-1 "Hebrews 10:1 - The Law is a Shadow")), pointing to the reality of God's ultimate dwelling with humanity in the person of Jesus, "God with us" ([Matthew 1:23](/matthew/1-23 "Matthew 1:23 - Immanuel")). The "fine twined linen" symbolizing purity points to Christ's sinless life and perfect righteousness, the spotless Lamb of God who knew no sin ([Hebrews 4:15](/hebrews/4-15 "Hebrews 4:15 - Christ's Sinless Nature") and [2 Corinthians 5:21](/2_corinthians/5-21 "2 Corinthians 5:21 - Christ Made Sin for Us")). The "blue" representing heaven and divinity speaks to Christ's divine origin and His being the Son of God who descended from heaven ([John 3:13](/john/3-13 "John 3:13 - Jesus, the Son of Man from Heaven")). The "purple" signifying royalty proclaims Him as the King of Kings and Lord of Lords, who holds all authority ([Revelation 19:16](/revelation/19-16 "Revelation 19:16 - King of Kings and Lord of Lords") and [Matthew 28:18](/matthew/28-18 "Matthew 28:18 - All Authority Given to Jesus")). Most profoundly, the "scarlet" pointing to atonement and sacrifice finds its complete realization in Christ's shed blood on the cross, which provides the perfect and final sacrifice for the forgiveness of sins, making access to God possible ([Hebrews 9:22](/hebrews/9-22 "Hebrews 9:22 - Without Shedding of Blood There Is No Forgiveness") and [Ephesians 1:7](/ephesians/1-7 "Ephesians 1:7 - Redemption Through His Blood")). The cherubim, guarding God's holiness and restricting access, are now superseded by Christ, who, through His torn body (symbolized by the torn veil of the temple at His death), has opened a new and living way into the Most Holy Place, granting believers direct access to God's presence ([Hebrews 10:19-20](/hebrews/10-19-20 "Hebrews 10:19-20 - Access to God Through Christ's Blood")). The "cunning work" of the artisans foreshadows the infinitely greater "cunning work" of God's redemptive plan, perfectly executed in Christ, making Him the ultimate and perfect Tabernacle where God truly dwells among His people forever.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Ezekiel 1:5

Also out of the midst thereof [came] the likeness of four living creatures. And this [was] their appearance; they had the likeness of a man.

Ezekiel 1:28

As the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of rain, so [was] the appearance of the brightness round about. This [was] the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD. And when I saw [it], I fell upon my face, and I heard a voice of one that spake.

1 Chronicles 15:1

¶ And [David] made him houses in the city of David, and prepared a place for the ark of God, and pitched for it a tent.

Exodus 31:6

And I, behold, I have given with him Aholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan: and in the hearts of all that are wise hearted I have put wisdom, that they may make all that I have commanded thee;

Ezekiel 10:1

¶ Then I looked, and, behold, in the firmament that was above the head of the cherubims there appeared over them as it were a sapphire stone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne.

Ezekiel 10:19

And the cherubims lifted up their wings, and mounted up from the earth in my sight: when they went out, the wheels also [were] beside them, and [every one] stood at the door of the east gate of the LORD'S house; and the glory of the God of Israel [was] over them above.

1 Kings 6:23

And within the oracle he made two cherubims [of] olive tree, [each] ten cubits high.