Daniel 11:17

Translation
King James Version
He shall also set his face to enter with the strength of his whole kingdom, and upright ones with him; thus shall he do: and he shall give him the daughter of women, corrupting her: but she shall not stand on his side, neither be for him.
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KJV (with Strong's)
He shall also set H7760 his face H6440 to enter H935 with the strength H8633 of his whole kingdom H4438, and upright ones H3477 with him; thus shall he do H6213: and he shall give H5414 him the daughter H1323 of women H802, corrupting H7843 her: but she shall not stand H5975 on his side, neither be for him.
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Complete Jewish Bible
He will determinedly advance with the full force of his kingdom, but he will make an agreement with the king of the south and give him a daughter in marriage. His object will be to destroy him, but the agreement will not last or work out in his favor.
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Berean Standard Bible
He will resolve to come with the strength of his whole kingdom, and will reach an agreement with the king of the South. He will give him a daughter in marriage in order to overthrow the kingdom, but his plan will not succeed or help him.
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American Standard Version
And he shall set his face to come with the strength of his whole kingdom, and with him equitable conditions; and he shall perform them: and he shall give him the daughter of women, to corrupt her; but she shall not stand, neither be for him.
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World English Bible Messianic
He shall set his face to come with the strength of his whole kingdom, and with him equitable conditions; and he shall perform them: and he shall give him the daughter of women, to corrupt her; but she shall not stand, neither be for him.
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Geneva Bible (1599)
Againe he shall set his face to enter with the power of his whole kingdome, and his confederates with him: thus shall he doe, and he shall giue him the daughter of women, to destroy her: but she shall not stande on his side, neither bee for him.
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Young's Literal Translation
And he setteth his face to go in with the strength of his whole kingdom, and upright ones with him; and he hath wrought, and the daughter of women he giveth to him, to corrupt her; and she doth not stand, nor is for him.
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See also
Ezekiel 4:3Ezekiel 4:72 Kings 12:17Proverbs 19:21Psalms 56:9Matthew 12:30Ezekiel 17:17
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SUMMARY

Daniel 11:17 details a strategic maneuver by the "King of the North" (Antiochus III) against the "King of the South" (Ptolemy V), where Antiochus attempts to consolidate power not through direct military conquest, but by offering his daughter in marriage. This seemingly peaceful alliance is revealed as a calculated act of corruption, designed to undermine the Ptolemaic kingdom from within. However, the prophecy declares the ultimate failure of this scheme, as the daughter would not remain loyal to her father's imperial ambitions, highlighting the limits of human cunning against divine foresight.

CONTEXT

  • Literary Context: Daniel 11 is a remarkable chapter, unique in its detailed prophetic accuracy, outlining the conflicts between the Seleucid (King of the North) and Ptolemaic (King of the South) dynasties following the breakup of Alexander the Great's empire. Verses 1-4 describe the Persian Empire and Alexander. Verses 5-19 specifically detail the wars between these two Hellenistic powers, often referred to as the Syrian Wars. Daniel 11:17 falls within a section describing the campaigns of Antiochus III the Great. Preceding verses (e.g., Daniel 11:15-16) portray Antiochus's military successes, including the capture of fortified cities and his entry into the "glorious land." Verse 17 then shifts from direct military confrontation to a more subtle, diplomatic, yet equally insidious strategy, indicating a change in the King of the North's approach to achieving dominance over the King of the South.

  • Historical & Cultural Context: The events prophesied in Daniel 11:17 refer to a specific historical alliance around 193 BC. Following his victories in the Fifth Syrian War, Antiochus III, the Seleucid king, sought to secure his gains and further weaken the Ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt. Instead of continued warfare, he pursued a marriage alliance, a common political tool in the ancient Near East. He offered his daughter, Cleopatra I Syra, in marriage to the young Ptolemy V Epiphanes of Egypt. Such marriages were intended to forge bonds, secure peace, and extend influence. However, Antiochus's true intention was to "corrupt" or subvert Egypt through his daughter's position, hoping she would serve his interests within the Egyptian court. This period was characterized by constant geopolitical maneuvering, shifting alliances, and dynastic marriages, all aimed at securing regional hegemony.

  • Key Themes: This verse, within the broader context of Daniel 11, contributes to several significant themes. Firstly, it underscores the theme of political manipulation and deceit, revealing how even seemingly peaceful overtures can mask ulterior motives. Antiochus's offer was not one of genuine reconciliation but a calculated move to gain an advantage. Secondly, it highlights the futility of human schemes when they oppose God's ultimate plan. Despite Antiochus's cunning, the prophecy explicitly states that his daughter "shall not stand [on his side], neither be for him," a historical reality where Cleopatra I eventually prioritized her new kingdom and husband over her father's ambitions. This reinforces the overarching theme of divine sovereignty over human history, a foundational truth throughout the book of Daniel, as seen in passages like Daniel 2:21 where God "removes kings and sets up kings," and Daniel 4:17, which declares that "the most High ruleth in the kingdom of men."

EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

Key Word Analysis

  • set his face (Hebrew, sûwm_ _pânîym', H7760): (sûwm, "to put") and H6440 (pânîym, "face"). This idiom signifies a determined resolve or fixed purpose. When someone "sets their face" towards something, it indicates an unwavering commitment to a course of action, often with a strong will or aggressive intent. Here, Antiochus III is depicted as resolutely determined to achieve his objective.
  • daughter (Hebrew, bath', H1323): H1323 (bath). This term refers to a female offspring, but in broader usage, it can denote a member of a group or even a characteristic. In this context, "the daughter of women" (H1323 + H802, 'ishshâh) simply emphasizes her human origin, a common Hebrew idiom, highlighting her role as a pawn in political games rather than a divinely appointed figure.
  • corrupting (Hebrew, shâchath', H7843): H7843 (shâchath). This verb means to decay, ruin, destroy, or spoil. In this context, it implies an intent to undermine, subvert, or bring to ruin the Ptolemaic kingdom through the marriage alliance. Antiochus's aim was not merely to form a peaceful bond but to strategically weaken Egypt by placing an agent (his own daughter) within its royal family.

Verse Breakdown

  • "He shall also set his face to enter with the strength of his whole kingdom": This clause describes the King of the North's (Antiochus III) resolute determination and the full extent of his power and resources being brought to bear. "Set his face" indicates a fixed purpose, while "strength of his whole kingdom" implies a comprehensive and formidable effort, whether military or diplomatic, to achieve his goals against the King of the South.
  • "and upright ones with him; thus shall he do": This part is debated among scholars. "Upright ones" (H3477, yâshâr) could refer to those who are morally straight or just, or perhaps simply those who are "straightforward" or "loyal" to him, indicating a unified and strong contingent supporting his actions. The phrase "thus shall he do" confirms that this calculated strategy will indeed be put into motion.
  • "and he shall give him the daughter of women, corrupting her": This is the core of the new strategy. The King of the North offers his daughter (Cleopatra I) in marriage to the King of the South (Ptolemy V). The crucial phrase "corrupting her" (H7843, shâchath) reveals the sinister intent behind the alliance: to spoil, ruin, or undermine the Ptolemaic kingdom through the influence of his daughter, essentially planting an agent within the rival court.
  • "but she shall not stand [on his side], neither be for him": This final, declarative statement reveals the ultimate failure of Antiochus's cunning plan. Despite his intentions, the daughter (Cleopatra I) would not remain loyal to her father's cause. Historically, Cleopatra I, once married to Ptolemy V and mother to Ptolemy VI, largely sided with her husband and her new kingdom, Egypt, rather than serving as an agent for her father's Seleucid ambitions. This demonstrates the limits of human control and the unpredictable nature of outcomes, often contrary to the schemer's will.

Literary Devices

Daniel 11:17 masterfully employs several literary devices to convey its prophetic message. The primary device is Prophecy, where future historical events are detailed with remarkable precision, demonstrating divine foreknowledge. The specific mention of "the daughter of women" serves as Metonymy, where the daughter represents the political alliance and the means of attempted subversion. There is also a strong element of Irony in the verse: Antiochus's elaborate plan, intended to "corrupt" and gain control, ultimately fails because the very instrument of his scheme (his daughter) does not remain loyal to his cause. This failure of human cunning in the face of unforeseen circumstances or divine will underscores the broader theme of Divine Sovereignty that pervades the book of Daniel, subtly implying that God's ultimate plan cannot be thwarted by the machinations of earthly kings.

THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS

Daniel 11:17, while describing ancient political intrigue, profoundly illustrates the theological truth of God's sovereign control over human history. It reveals that even the most cunning and powerful human schemes, cloaked in diplomatic overtures like marriage alliances, are ultimately subject to divine oversight. Antiochus III's attempt to "corrupt" the Ptolemaic kingdom from within, though meticulously planned, was foretold to fail, demonstrating that human will and ambition, no matter how strong or deceptive, cannot thwart the preordained course of events known and permitted by God. This narrative serves as a powerful reminder that God is not merely an observer but the orchestrator of history, working out His purposes even through the rise and fall of empires and the intricate web of human relationships and political maneuvers.

REFLECTION AND APPLICATION

The detailed prophecy of Daniel 11:17 offers profound insights for contemporary reflection and application. It serves as a powerful reminder that human intentions, even when presented as peaceful or beneficial, can be deeply rooted in self-interest, a desire for control, and a willingness to manipulate others. We are called to cultivate discernment, not to be naive about the motives behind various overtures, whether in personal relationships, business dealings, or political spheres. More importantly, this verse provides immense spiritual comfort: despite the complexity and often deceptive nature of worldly affairs, God's ultimate purposes remain unthwarted. The failure of Antiochus's scheme, precisely as foretold, assures us that no human power, no cunning strategy, and no amount of worldly strength can ultimately derail God's sovereign plan. This truth allows believers to live with peace and confidence in a tumultuous world, knowing that the Lord reigns supreme over all kingdoms and all human endeavors.

Questions for Reflection

  • How does the detailed fulfillment of this prophecy strengthen your faith in God's sovereignty over history and current events?
  • In what areas of your life might you be tempted to use cunning or manipulation to achieve your desired outcomes, rather than trusting in God's timing and methods?
  • How can the assurance that human schemes ultimately fail to thwart God's purposes bring you peace in the face of present-day political or social turmoil?

FAQ

Who is the "King of the North" and "King of the South" in Daniel 11?

Answer: In Daniel 11, the "King of the North" and "King of the South" refer to the Seleucid and Ptolemaic dynasties, respectively, which emerged from the division of Alexander the Great's empire. The King of the North typically represents the Seleucid rulers who controlled Syria and Mesopotamia, while the King of the South represents the Ptolemaic rulers who controlled Egypt. Daniel 11:17 specifically refers to Antiochus III (King of the North) and Ptolemy V Epiphanes (King of the South). This chapter provides an incredibly detailed prophecy of the conflicts and interactions between these two Hellenistic powers leading up to the time of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, a figure who foreshadows the ultimate antichrist.

What does "corrupting her" mean in this context, and how was it fulfilled?

Answer: The phrase "corrupting her" (from the Hebrew word shâchath) signifies Antiochus III's intent to undermine, spoil, or subvert the Ptolemaic kingdom through the marriage of his daughter, Cleopatra I, to Ptolemy V. His goal was not genuine peace but to gain influence and weaken Egypt by planting an agent within its royal family. However, the prophecy states, "she shall not stand [on his side], neither be for him." Historically, Cleopatra I eventually prioritized her loyalty to her husband and her adopted kingdom, Egypt, particularly after the death of Ptolemy V when she became regent for their young son, Ptolemy VI. She did not serve her father's imperial ambitions, thus fulfilling the prophecy of his scheme's failure. This demonstrates the futility of human plans when they oppose God's ultimate design, a theme seen throughout Daniel, particularly in visions like Daniel 7 where earthly kingdoms rise and fall under divine decree.

CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT

While Daniel 11:17 describes a specific historical event in the ancient Near East, its underlying theological principles find their ultimate fulfillment and significance in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The verse highlights the futility of human schemes and the ultimate triumph of divine purpose, even when confronted with the most cunning and powerful worldly machinations. Antiochus III's attempt to "corrupt" a kingdom through deceitful means, only to see his plan fail, foreshadows the greater reality that no earthly power, no political maneuvering, and no human rebellion can ultimately thwart God's redemptive plan centered on His Son. Just as Cleopatra I ultimately did not stand for her father, so too all opposition to God's kingdom, whether from worldly rulers or spiritual forces, will ultimately fail to stand against the reign of Christ. Jesus, the true King of kings, established a kingdom "not of this world" (John 18:36), a kingdom that will never be destroyed (Daniel 2:44). His victory on the cross disarmed all principalities and powers (Colossians 2:15), demonstrating that the ultimate "corruption" of sin and death was overcome by His perfect sacrifice. Therefore, Daniel 11:17, in its depiction of a failed human plot against God's sovereign will, points forward to the absolute and unassailable triumph of Christ's kingdom, where every knee will bow and every tongue confess His Lordship (Philippians 2:10-11).

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Commentary on Daniel 11 verses 5–20

Here are foretold,

I. The rise and power of two great kingdoms out of the remains of Alexander's conquests, Dan 11:5. 1. The kingdom of Egypt, which was made considerable by Ptolemaeus Lagus, one of Alexander's captains, whose successors were, from him, called the Lagidae. He is called the king of the south, that is, Egypt, named here, Dan 11:8, Dan 11:42, Dan 11:43. The countries that at first belonged to Ptolemy are reckoned to be Egypt, Phoenicia, Arabia, Libya, Ethiopia, etc. Theocr. Idyl. 17. 2. The kingdom of Syria, which was set up by Seleucus Nicanor, or the conqueror; he was one of Alexander's princes, and became stronger than the other, and had the greatest dominion of all, was the most powerful of all Alexander's successors. It was said that he had no fewer than seventy-two kingdoms under him. Both these were strong against Judah (the affairs of which are particularly eyed in this prediction); Ptolemy, soon after he gained Egypt, invaded Judea, and took Jerusalem on a sabbath, pretending a friendly visit. Seleucus also gave disturbance to Judea.

II. The fruitless attempt to unite these two kingdoms as iron and clay in Nebuchadnezzar's image (Dan 11:6): "At the end of certain years, about seventy after Alexander's death, the Lagidae and the Seleucidae shall associate, but not in sincerity. Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt, shall marry his daughter Berenice to Antiochus Theos, king of Syria," who had already a wife called Laodice. "Berenice shall come to the king of the north, to make an agreement, but it shall not hold: She shall not retain the power of the arm; neither she nor her posterity shall establish themselves in the kingdom of the north, neither shall Ptolemy her father, nor Antiochus her husband (between whom there was to be a great alliance), stand, nor their arm, but she shall be given up and those that brought her," all that projected that unhappy marriage between her and Antiochus, which occasioned so much mischief, instead of producing a coalition between the northern and southern crowns, as was hoped. Antiochus divorced Berenice, took his former wife Laodice again, who soon after poisoned him, procured Berenice and her son to be murdered, and set up her own son by Antiochus to be king, who was called Seleucus Callinicus.

III. A war between the two kingdoms, Dan 11:7, Dan 11:8. A branch from the same root with Berenice shall stand up in his estate. Ptolemaeus Euergetes, the son and successor of Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, shall come with an army against Seleucus Callinicus, king of Syria, to avenge his sister's quarrel, and shall prevail; and he shall carry away a rich booty both of persons and goods into Egypt, and shall continue more years than the king of the north. This Ptolemy reigned forty-six years; and Justin says that if his own affairs had not called him home he would, in this war, have made himself master of the whole kingdom of Syria. But (Dan 11:9) he shall be forced to come into his kingdom and return into his own land, to keep peace there, so that he can no longer carry on the war abroad. Note, It is very common for a treacherous peace to end in a bloody war.

IV. The long and busy reign of Antiochus the Great, king of Syria. Seleucus Callinicus, that king of the north that was overcome (Dan 11:7) and died miserably, left two sons, Seleucus and Antiochus; these are his sons, the sons of the king of the north, that shall be stirred up, and shall assemble a multitude of great forces, to recover what their father had lost, Dan 11:10. But Seleucus the elder, being weak, and unable to rule his army, was poisoned by his friends, and reigned only two years; and his brother Antiochus succeeded him, who reigned thirty-seven years, and was called the Great. And therefore the angel, though he speaks of sons at first, goes on with the account of one only, who was but fifteen years old when he began to reign, and he shall certainly come, and overflow, and over-run, and shall be restored at length to what his father lost. 1. The king of the south, in this war, shall at first have very great success. Ptolemaeus Philopater, moved with indignation at the indignities done by Antiochus the Great, shall (though otherwise a slothful prince) come forth, and fight with him, and shall bring a vast army into the field of 70,000 foot, and 5000 horse, and seventy-three elephants. And the other multitude (the army of Antiochus, consisting of 62,000 foot, and 6000 horse, and 102 elephants) shall be given into his hand. Polybius, who lived with Scipio, has given a particular account of this battle of Raphia. Ptolemaeus Philopater, having gained this victory, grew very insolent; his heart was lifted up; then he went into the temple of God at Jerusalem, and, in defiance of the law, entered the most holy place, for which God has a controversy with him, so that, though he shall cast down many myriads, yet he shall not be strengthened by it, so as to secure his interest. For, 2. The king of the north, Antiochus the Great, shall return with a greater army than the former; and, at the end of times (that is, years) he shall come with a mighty army, and great riches, against the king of the south, that is, Ptolemaeus Epiphanes, who succeeded Ptolemaeus Philopater his father, when he was a child, which gave advantage to Antiochus the Great. In this expedition he had some powerful allies (Dan 11:14): Many shall stand up against the king of the south. Philip of Macedon was confederate with Antiochus against the king of Egypt, and Scopas his general, whom he sent into Syria; Antiochus routed him, destroyed a great part of his army; whereupon the Jews willingly yielded to Antiochus, joined with him, helped him to besiege Ptolemaeus's garrisons. They the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision, to help forward the accomplishment of this prophecy; but they shall fall, and shall come to nothing, Dan 11:14. Hereupon (Dan 11:15) the king of the north, this same Antiochus Magnus, shall carry on his design against the king of the south another way. (1.) He shall surprise his strong-holds; all that he has got in Syria and Samaria, and the arms of the south, all the power of the king of Egypt, shall not be able to withstand him. See how dubious and variable the turns of the scale of war are; like buying and selling, it is winning and losing; sometimes one side gets the better and sometimes the other; yet neither by chance; it is not, as they call it, the fortune of war, but according to the will and counsel of God, who brings some low and raises others up. (2.) He shall make himself master of the land of Judea (Dan 11:16): He that comes against him (that is, the king of the north) shall carry all before him and do what he pleases, and he shall stand and get footing in the glorious land; so the land of Israel was, and by his hand it was wasted and consumed, for with the spoil of that good land he victualled his vast army. The land of Judea lay between these two potent kingdoms of Egypt and Syria, so that in all the struggles between them that was sure to suffer, for to it they both bore ill will. Yet some read this, By his hand it shall be perfected; as if it intimated that the land of Judea, being taken under the protection of this Antiochus, shall flourish, and be in better condition than it had been. (3.) He shall still push on his war against the king of Egypt, and set his face to enter with the strength of his whole kingdom, taking advantage of the infancy of Ptolemy Epiphanes, and the upright ones, many of the pious Israelites, siding with him, Dan 11:17. In prosecution of his design, he shall give him his daughter Cleopatra to wife, designing, as Saul in giving his daughter Cleopatra to David, that she should be a snare to him, and do him a mischief; but she shall not stand on her father's side, nor be for him, but for her husband, and so that plot failed him. (4.) His war with the Romans is here foretold (Dan 11:18): He shall turn his face to the isles (Dan 11:18), the isles of the Gentiles (Gen 10:5), Greece and Italy. He took many of the isles about the Hellespont-Rhodes, Samos, Delos, etc., which by war or treaty he made himself master of; but a prince, or state (so some), even the Roman senate, or a leader, even the Roman general, shall return his reproach with which he abused the Romans upon himself, or shall make his shame rest on himself, and without his own shame, or any disgrace to himself, shall pay him again. This was fulfilled when the two Scipios were sent with an army against Antiochus. Hannibal was then with him, and advised him to invade Italy and waste it as he had done; but he did not take hid advice; and Scipio joined battle with him, and gave him a total defeat, though Antiochus had 70,000 men and the Romans but 30,000. Thus he caused the reproach offered by him to cease. (5.) His fall. When he was totally routed by the Romans, and was forced to abandon to them all he had in Europe, and had a very heavy tribute exacted from him, he turned to his own land, and, not knowing which way to raise money to pay his tribute, he plundered a temple of Jupiter, which so incensed his own subjects against him that they set upon him, and killed him; so he was overthrown, and fell, and was no more found, Dan 11:19. (6.) His next successor, Dan 11:20. There rose up one in his place, a raiser of taxes, a sender forth of the extortioner, or extorter. This character was remarkably answered in Seleucus Philopater, the elder son of Antiochus the Great, who was a great oppressor of his own subjects, and exacted abundance of money from them; and, when he was told he would thereby lose his friends, he said he knew no better friend he had then money. He likewise attempted to rob the temple at Jerusalem, which this seems especially to refer to. But within a few days he shall be destroyed, neither in anger nor in battle, but poisoned by Heliodorus, one of his own servants, when he had reigned but twelve years, and done nothing remarkable.

V. From all this let us learn, 1. That God in his providence sets up one, and pulls down another, as he pleases, advances some from low beginnings and depresses others that were very high. Some have called great men the foot-balls of fortune; or, rather, they are the tools of Providence. 2. This world is full of wars and fightings, which come from men's lusts, and make it a theatre of sin and misery. 3. All the changes and revolutions of states and kingdoms, and every event, even the most minute and contingent, were plainly and perfectly foreseen by the God of heaven, and to him nothing is new. 4. No word of God shall fall to the ground; but what he has designed, what he has declared, shall infallibly come to pass; and even the sins of men shall be made to serve his purpose, and contribute to the b ringing of his counsels to birth in their season; and yet God is not the author of sin. 5. That, for the right understanding of some parts of scripture, it is necessary that heathen authors be consulted, which give light to the scripture, and show the accomplishment of what is there foretold; we have therefore reason to bless God for the human learning with which many have done great service to divine truths.

Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 5–20. Public domain.
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JeromeAD 420
St. Jerome, Commentary on Daniel, CHAPTER ELEVEN
Verses 17-19. "And he shall set his face to come and possess all his kingdom, and he shall make upright conditions with him. And he shall give him the daughter of women, that she may overthrow him" (Vulgate: it). That is to say, the intention is to overthrow him, that is, Ptolemy, or else to overthrow it, that is, his kingdom. Antiochus not only wished to take possession of Syria, Cilicia, and Lycia, and the other provinces which had belonged to Ptolemy's party, but also to extend his empire to Egypt. He therefore used the good offices of Eucles of Rhodes to betroth his daughter, Cleopatra, to young Ptolemy in the seventh year of his reign; and in his thirteenth year she was given to him in marriage, professedly endowed with all of Coele-syria and Judaea as her marriage-portion. By pleonasm she is called a daughter of women, just as the poet says:

...Thus she spake with her mouth... And with these ears did I drink in her voice.

"And she shall not stand, neither shall she be for him. And he shall turn his face to the islands and shall capture many; and she shall cause the prince of her reproach to cease, and his reproach shall be turned upon him. And he shall turn his face to the empire of his own land; and he shall stumble and fall, and shall not be found." For he was unable to take possession of Egypt, because Ptolemy Epiphanes and his generals detected the strategem and followed a cautious policy. And besides, Cleopatra inclined more to her husband's side than to her father's. And so he turned his attention to Asia Minor, and by carrying on naval warfare against a large number of islands, he seized Rhodes, Samos, Colophon (variant: Colophonia and Bocla), Phocea and many other islands. But he was opposed by Lucius Scipio Nasica and also his brother, Publius Scipio Africanus, who had vanquished Hannibal. For since the consul Nasica, the brother of Africanus, was of a somewhat sluggish disposition, the Roman senate was unwilling to entrust to him a war against so mighty a king as Antiochus. Africanus therefore offered to assume the post of deputy on a voluntary basis, in order to obviate any damage that his brother might cause. Consequently Antiochus was vanquished and commanded to confine his rule to the other side of the Taurus range. And so he took refuge in Apamia and Susa and advanced to the easternmost cities of his realm. And during a war against the Elymaeans he was destroyed together with his entire army. And so this is what the Scripture refers to in this passage, when it states that he would capture many islands, and yet because of the Roman conqueror he would lose the kingdom of Asia; and that the disgrace he had inflicted would come back upon his own head; and that in the end he would flee from Asia Minor and return to the empire of his own land, and would then stumble and fall, so that his place would not be found.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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