2 Chronicles 8:5

KJV

Also he built Bethhoron the upper, and Bethhoron the nether, fenced cities, with walls, gates, and bars;

KJV (with Strong's)

Also he built {H1129} Bethhoron {H1032} the upper {H5945}, and Bethhoron {H1032} the nether {H8481}, fenced {H4692} cities {H5892}, with walls {H2346}, gates {H1817}, and bars {H1280};

Complete Jewish Bible

He also built Upper Beit-Horon and Lower Beit-Horon, fortified cities with walls, gates and bars;

Berean Standard Bible

He rebuilt Upper and Lower Beth-horon as fortified cities with walls, gates, and bars,

American Standard Version

Also he built Beth-horon the upper, and Beth-horon the nether, fortified cities, with walls, gates, and bars;

Commentary

### SUMMARY
2 Chronicles 8:5 describes King Solomon's strategic construction of fortified cities, specifically "Bethhoron the upper, and Bethhoron the nether." These twin cities, situated at a critical geographical pass, were meticulously built as "fenced cities" complete with robust "walls, gates, and bars," underscoring Solomon's commitment to national security and the comprehensive development of his kingdom's infrastructure during a period of unparalleled prosperity and peace.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is embedded within a broader account in [2 Chronicles 8](/2_chronicles/8 "2 Chronicles 8 - Solomon's Building Projects and Administration") that details King Solomon's extensive building programs following the completion of the magnificent Temple in Jerusalem and his own royal palace (as noted in [2 Chronicles 8:1](/2_chronicles/8-1 "2 Chronicles 8:1 - Solomon's Accomplishments")). While earlier chapters focus on the grand religious and royal structures, this section shifts to Solomon's investment in the civil and military infrastructure of his kingdom. Verses [2 Chronicles 8:2-6](/2_chronicles/8-2 "2 Chronicles 8:2-6 - Solomon's Other Building Projects") enumerate various types of cities he built—store cities, chariot cities, and cities for his horsemen—demonstrating a comprehensive approach to national development and defense. The mention of Bethhoron specifically in [2 Chronicles 8:5](/2_chronicles/8-5 "2 Chronicles 8:5 - Solomon Builds Bethhoron") highlights its particular strategic importance within this larger network of fortifications, a detail also paralleled in the account found in [1 Kings 9:17-18](/1_kings/9-17 "1 Kings 9:17-18 - Solomon's Building Activities").
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The twin cities of Bethhoron (Upper and Nether) were located on a crucial ancient trade and military route, controlling a significant pass that connected the coastal plain (Shephelah) with the central highlands of Judah and Ephraim. This geographical position made them vital for both defense and commerce. Historically, Bethhoron was a significant border city, first mentioned as part of the tribal inheritance of Ephraim in [Joshua 16:3](/joshua/16-3 "Joshua 16:3 - Bethhoron in Ephraim's Territory"), underscoring its long-standing strategic value. In the ancient Near East, "fenced cities" (fortified cities) were essential for national security, serving as strongholds against invasion, centers for administrative control, and secure points for trade. Solomon's construction of such robust defenses reflects the advanced engineering and organizational capabilities of his kingdom, a hallmark of his reign's prosperity and stability. The detailed mention of "walls, gates, and bars" indicates a standard, comprehensive approach to ancient urban fortification, designed to withstand siege warfare and protect vital arteries of the kingdom.
* **Key Themes:** The construction of Bethhoron as "fenced cities" contributes significantly to several key themes within 2 Chronicles and the broader Solomonic narrative. Firstly, it underscores the theme of **Strategic Fortification and National Security**. Solomon's foresight in strengthening these vital routes and borders demonstrates a wise approach to governance and the defense of the kingdom, ensuring its safety during a period of relative peace. Secondly, these building projects highlight **Infrastructure Development and Economic Prosperity**. Beyond military defense, such extensive construction signifies a robust development of the kingdom's infrastructure, essential for economic stability, administrative control, and the overall flourishing of the nation under Solomon. This aligns with the broader picture of Solomon's wealth and influence described throughout [2 Chronicles 9](/2_chronicles/9 "2 Chronicles 9 - The Queen of Sheba and Solomon's Wealth"). Finally, the ability to undertake such massive and complex construction projects speaks volumes about **Solomon's God-Given Wisdom and Power**. His organizational skills, the immense resources at his disposal, and his capacity for grand vision, as promised by God in [1 Kings 3:12](/1_kings/3-12 "1 Kings 3:12 - God Grants Solomon Wisdom"), are vividly demonstrated through these achievements, solidifying his reign as a period of significant expansion and divine favor.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Bethhoron (Hebrew, _Bēt Ḥôrôn_):** Literally meaning "House of Horon," referring to a local Canaanite deity, this name identifies a specific geographical location rather than endorsing the deity. It denotes two distinct settlements, "the upper" (עֶלְיוֹן, _ʿelyôn_) and "the nether" (תַּחְתּוֹן, _taḥtôn_), indicating their relative positions on the ascent and descent of a crucial pass. Their dual mention emphasizes the comprehensive control Solomon sought over this strategic corridor.
* **fenced cities (Hebrew, _ʿārê mibṣār_):** This phrase translates to "cities of fortification" or "stronghold cities." The term _mibṣār_ (מִבְצָר) itself conveys the idea of a fortress or stronghold, emphasizing the robust defensive capabilities and purpose of these urban centers. It signifies that these were not merely settlements but strategically designed and constructed military assets.
* **walls, gates, and bars (Hebrew, _ḥômôt, šəʿārîm, ûvərîḥîm_):** This tripartite description provides specific details about the comprehensive nature of the fortifications. "Walls" (_ḥômôt_) refer to the encircling defensive structures. "Gates" (_šəʿārîm_) are the controlled entry and exit points, often the most vulnerable parts of a city's defense. "Bars" (_ûvərîḥîm_) are the heavy wooden or metal beams used to secure the gates from within, making them impenetrable. The enumeration of these components highlights the thoroughness and durability of Solomon's defensive engineering.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Also he built Bethhoron the upper, and Bethhoron the nether":** This clause identifies King Solomon as the builder and specifies the two key locations of his construction. The mention of both "upper" and "nether" Bethhoron underscores the strategic importance of controlling the entire pass, from its lower approach to its higher elevation, thereby securing a critical artery of the kingdom.
* **"fenced cities":** This phrase immediately defines the nature and purpose of these constructions. They were not merely residential or administrative centers but were primarily designed as fortified strongholds, intended to provide defense and security for the kingdom's borders and vital routes.
* **"with walls, gates, and bars;":** This final clause provides concrete details of the fortifications, illustrating the comprehensive and robust nature of the defenses. "Walls" provided the primary barrier, "gates" controlled access, and "bars" ensured the gates' impregnability, demonstrating a significant investment in making these cities secure against potential threats.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs **Descriptive Language** to paint a clear picture of Solomon's architectural endeavors and their defensive nature. The specific listing of "walls, gates, and bars" is an example of **Enumeration**, providing precise details that emphasize the thoroughness and strength of the fortifications. This detailed description also serves as a form of **Emphasis**, highlighting the strategic importance and the significant resources Solomon dedicated to securing his kingdom. The cumulative effect of these details underscores the power and wisdom of Solomon, capable of executing such massive and vital infrastructure projects.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Solomon's meticulous construction of Bethhoron as "fenced cities" speaks to the theological theme of wise stewardship and diligent preparation. Just as Solomon, endowed with divine wisdom, invested in the physical security of his kingdom, believers are called to exercise wisdom in building spiritual "strongholds" in their lives. This involves not only defending against external threats but also establishing internal structures of faith and righteousness. The emphasis on "walls, gates, and bars" can be seen as a metaphor for the spiritual disciplines and truths that protect the heart and mind from the assaults of sin and error. God's people are called to be vigilant, building their lives on the firm foundation of His Word, trusting in His ultimate protection while actively participating in their own spiritual defense. This proactive approach to security, rooted in God-given wisdom, ensures stability and resilience in the face of life's challenges.

* [Psalm 127:1](/psalms/127-1 "Psalm 127:1 - Unless the Lord Builds the House")
* [Proverbs 4:23](/proverbs/4-23 "Proverbs 4:23 - Guard Your Heart")
* [Nehemiah 3:3](/nehemiah/3-3 "Nehemiah 3:3 - Rebuilding the Fish Gate")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
While 2 Chronicles 8:5 describes ancient fortifications, its principles resonate deeply with the spiritual life of believers today. Solomon's strategic foresight in building physical defenses for his kingdom serves as a powerful reminder for us to engage in diligent and wise preparation in our own lives. Just as he secured vital routes, we are called to protect the spiritual pathways of our hearts and minds. This means intentionally building "fenced cities" of faith, guarding our spiritual integrity with the "walls" of God's truth, the "gates" of discernment, and the "bars" of spiritual discipline. We must be proactive in fortifying our convictions, protecting our relationships, and establishing healthy boundaries against the influences that would seek to undermine our walk with God. This verse encourages us to invest in foundational spiritual structures—prayer, Scripture study, fellowship, and obedience—that provide security and stability, ensuring that we are well-prepared to stand firm against the challenges and temptations of the world.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life do you need to build "fenced cities" of spiritual defense?**
* **What "walls" (truths), "gates" (discernment), and "bars" (disciplines) can you implement to guard your heart and mind more effectively?**
* **How does Solomon's strategic planning inspire you to be more intentional in your spiritual growth and preparation for future challenges?**

### FAQ
**Why were Bethhoron the upper and nether so strategically important?**

Answer: Bethhoron the upper and nether were critically important due to their unique geographical location. They were situated on the main ascent/descent of a vital pass that connected the fertile coastal plain (Shephelah) with the central highlands of Judah and Ephraim. This pass served as a primary route for trade, communication, and military movements throughout ancient Israel. Controlling Bethhoron meant controlling access between these two significant regions. For any invading army approaching from the west, the Bethhoron pass was often the most direct and vulnerable route into the heartland of Israel. Conversely, for Israel, it was a crucial defensive choke point. By fortifying both the upper and lower sections of this pass, King Solomon ensured comprehensive control and defense of a key artery into his kingdom, protecting both his people and his economic interests. Its significance is highlighted throughout biblical history, from Joshua's victory there in [Joshua 10:10-11](/joshua/10-10 "Joshua 10:10-11 - Battle of Bethhoron") to its role in later conflicts.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While 2 Chronicles 8:5 details Solomon's construction of physical strongholds, it ultimately points to a greater, spiritual fulfillment in Christ. Solomon, in his God-given wisdom, built "fenced cities" to provide security and stability for his kingdom, yet even these formidable defenses were temporal and could eventually be breached. Jesus Christ, however, is the ultimate and eternal "fenced city" for all who believe. He is our true stronghold, the unshakeable foundation upon which we are built into a spiritual house, as described in [1 Peter 2:5](/1_peter/2-5 "1 Peter 2:5 - A Spiritual House"). Through His finished work on the cross, He has provided perfect and eternal security against the ultimate enemies: sin, death, and the devil. The "walls" of His righteousness, the "gates" of His grace, and the "bars" of His unbreakable covenant protect those who are in Him. He is the [Chief Cornerstone](/ephesians/2-20 "Ephesians 2:20 - Christ the Cornerstone") upon whom the entire spiritual edifice of the Church is built, and against which the "gates of hell shall not prevail" ([Matthew 16:18](/matthew/16-18 "Matthew 16:18 - The Gates of Hell")). In Christ, believers find a refuge far more secure than any earthly fortification, a spiritual dwelling where their hearts and minds are guarded by the peace of God ([Philippians 4:7](/philippians/4-7 "Philippians 4:7 - The Peace of God")). He is the true King who builds an eternal kingdom, providing ultimate protection and an everlasting dwelling place for His people.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Chronicles 7:24

(And his daughter [was] Sherah, who built Bethhoron the nether, and the upper, and Uzzensherah.)

Joshua 16:5

¶ And the border of the children of Ephraim according to their families was [thus]: even the border of their inheritance on the east side was Atarothaddar, unto Bethhoron the upper;

2 Chronicles 14:7

Therefore he said unto Judah, Let us build these cities, and make about [them] walls, and towers, gates, and bars, [while] the land [is] yet before us; because we have sought the LORD our God, we have sought [him], and he hath given us rest on every side. So they built and prospered.

Joshua 16:3

And goeth down westward to the coast of Japhleti, unto the coast of Bethhoron the nether, and to Gezer: and the goings out thereof are at the sea.