TRV
Translation
King James Version
Also he built Bethhoron the upper, and Bethhoron the nether, fenced cities, with walls, gates, and bars;
Complete Jewish Bible
He also built Upper Beit-Horon and Lower Beit-Horon, fortified cities with walls, gates and bars;
Berean Standard Bible
He rebuilt Upper and Lower Beth-horon as fortified cities with walls, gates, and bars,
American Standard Version
Also he built Beth-horon the upper, and Beth-horon the nether, fortified cities, with walls, gates, and bars;
World English Bible Messianic
Also he built Beth Horon the upper, and Beth Horon the lower, fortified cities, with walls, gates, and bars;
Geneva Bible (1599)
And he built Beth-horon the vpper, and Beth-horon the nether, cities defensed with walles, gates and barres:
Young's Literal Translation
And he buildeth Beth-Horon the upper, and Beth-Horon the lower--cities of defence, with walls, two-leaved doors, and bar--
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In the KJVVerse 11,352 of 31,102
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Commentary on 2 Chronicles 8 verses 1–11
1 ¶ And it came to pass at the end of twenty years, wherein Solomon had built the house of the LORD, and his own house,
2 That the cities which Huram had restored to Solomon, Solomon built them, and caused the children of Israel to dwell there.
3 And Solomon went to Hamathzobah, and prevailed against it.
4 And he built Tadmor in the wilderness, and all the store cities, which he built in Hamath.
5 Also he built Bethhoron the upper, and Bethhoron the nether, fenced cities, with walls, gates, and bars;
6 And Baalath, and all the store cities that Solomon had, and all the chariot cities, and the cities of the horsemen, and all that Solomon desired to build in Jerusalem, and in Lebanon, and throughout all the land of his dominion.
7 As for all the people that were left of the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which were not of Israel,
8 But of their children, who were left after them in the land, whom the children of Israel consumed not, them did Solomon make to pay tribute until this day.
9 But of the children of Israel did Solomon make no servants for his work; but they were men of war, and chief of his captains, and captains of his chariots and horsemen.
10 And these were the chief of king Solomon's officers, even two hundred and fifty, that bare rule over the people.
11 And Solomon brought up the daughter of Pharaoh out of the city of David unto the house that he had built for her: for he said, My wife shall not dwell in the house of David king of Israel, because the places are holy, whereunto the ark of the LORD hath come.
This we had Kg1 9:10-24, and therefore shall only observe here,
I. Though Solomon was a man of great learning and knowledge, yet he spent his days, not in contemplation, but in action, not in his study, but in his country, in building cities and fortifying them, in a time of peace preparing for a time of war, which is as much a man's business as it is in summer to provide food for winter.
II. As he was a man of business himself, and did not consult his own ease, so he employed a great many hands, kept abundance of people to work. It is the interest of a state by all means possible to promote and encourage industry, and to keep its subjects from idleness. A great many strangers there were in Israel, many that remained of the Canaanites; and they were welcome to live there, but not to live and do nothing. The men of Laish, who had no business, were an easy prey to the invaders, Jdg 18:7.
III. When Solomon had begun with building the house of God, and made good work and quick work of that, he prospered in all his undertakings, so that he built all that he desired to build, Ch2 8:6. Those who have a genius for building find that one project draws on another, and the latter must amend and improve the former. Now observe, 1. How the divine providence gratified even Solomon's humour, and gave him success, not only in all that he needed to build and that it was for his advantage to build, but in all that he had a mind to build. So indulgent a Father God is sometimes to the innocent desires of his children that serve him. Thus he pleased Jacob with that promise, Joseph shall put his hand on thy eyes. 2. Solomon knew how to set bounds to his desires. He was not one of those that enlarge them endlessly, and can never be satisfied, but knew when to draw in; for he finished all he desired, and then he desired no more. He did not sit down and fret that he had not more cities to build, as Alexander did that he had not more worlds to conquer, Hab 2:5.
IV. That one reason why Solomon built a palace on purpose for the queen, and removed her and her court to it, was because he thought it by no means proper that she should dwell in the house of David (Ch2 8:11), considering that that had been a place of great piety, and perhaps her house was a place of great vanity. She was proselyted, it is likely, to the Jewish religion; but it is a question whether all her servants were. Perhaps they had among them the idols of Egypt, and a great deal of profaneness and debauchery. Now, though Solomon had not zeal and courage enough to suppress and punish what was amiss there, yet he so far consulted the honour of his father's memory that he would not suffer that place to be thus profaned where the ark of God had been and where holy David had prayed many a good prayer and sung many a sweet psalm. Not that all the places where the ark had been were so holy as never to be put to a common use; for then the houses of Abinadab and Obed-edom must have been so. But the place where it had been so long, and had been so publicly attended on, was so venerable that it was not fit to be the place of so much gaiety, not to say iniquity, as was to be found, I fear, in the court that Pharaoh's daughter kept. Note, Between things sacred and things common the ancient landmarks ought to be kept up. It was an outer-court of the temple that was the court of the women.
Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 1–11. Public domain.
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Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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SUMMARY
Second Chronicles 8:5 meticulously records King Solomon's strategic and comprehensive building program, specifically highlighting his construction of "Bethhoron the upper, and Bethhoron the nether." These twin cities, situated at a geographically vital pass, were meticulously engineered as "fenced cities," complete with robust "walls, gates, and bars." This detailed account underscores Solomon's profound commitment to national security, his administrative foresight, and the extensive infrastructure development that characterized his reign, reflecting a period of unparalleled prosperity and divinely-granted wisdom.
CONTEXT
Literary Context: This verse is situated within a broader narrative in 2 Chronicles 8 that meticulously chronicles King Solomon's extensive construction projects following the completion of the magnificent Temple in Jerusalem and his own royal palace, as initially mentioned in 2 Chronicles 8:1. While earlier chapters of 2 Chronicles focus on the grand religious and royal edifices, this section shifts the chronicler's attention to Solomon's investment in the civil, commercial, and military infrastructure of his burgeoning kingdom. Verses 2 Chronicles 8:2-6 enumerate various types of cities he built or rebuilt—including store cities, chariot cities, and cities for his horsemen—demonstrating a holistic approach to national development and defense. The specific mention of Bethhoron in 2 Chronicles 8:5 highlights its particular strategic importance within this larger network of fortifications, a detail that finds a parallel account in 1 Kings 9:17-18. This transition in focus emphasizes the comprehensive nature of Solomon's reign, moving from sacred space to the secular administration and protection of his realm.
Historical & Cultural Context: The twin cities of Bethhoron (Upper and Nether) were of paramount strategic importance due to their geographical location. They were situated on a crucial ancient trade and military route, controlling a significant pass that connected the fertile coastal plain (the Shephelah) with the central highlands of Judah and Ephraim. This position made them indispensable for both defense against invasion and the facilitation of commerce. Historically, Bethhoron was a significant border city, first mentioned as part of the tribal inheritance of Ephraim in Joshua 16:3, underscoring its long-standing strategic value as a gateway. In the ancient Near East, "fenced cities" (fortified cities) were fundamental to national security, serving as strongholds against invasion, centers for administrative control, and secure points for trade and population refuge. Solomon's construction of such robust defenses reflects the advanced engineering, organizational capabilities, and immense resources of his kingdom, hallmarks of his reign's prosperity and stability. The detailed mention of "walls, gates, and bars" indicates a standard, comprehensive approach to ancient urban fortification, designed to withstand siege warfare and protect vital arteries of the kingdom, ensuring its integrity and prosperity.
Key Themes: The construction of Bethhoron as "fenced cities" contributes significantly to several overarching themes within 2 Chronicles and the broader Solomonic narrative. Firstly, it powerfully underscores the theme of Strategic Fortification and National Security. Solomon's foresight in strengthening these vital routes and borders demonstrates a wise approach to governance and the defense of the kingdom, ensuring its safety during a period of relative peace and prosperity, aligning with the broader picture of his reign's stability. Secondly, these building projects highlight Infrastructure Development and Economic Prosperity. Beyond military defense, such extensive construction signifies a robust development of the kingdom's infrastructure, essential for economic stability, administrative control, and the overall flourishing of the nation under Solomon's leadership. This aligns with the broader picture of Solomon's immense wealth and influence described throughout 2 Chronicles 9. Finally, the ability to undertake such massive and complex construction projects speaks volumes about Solomon's God-Given Wisdom and Power. His organizational skills, the immense resources at his disposal, and his capacity for grand vision, as promised by God in 1 Kings 3:12, are vividly demonstrated through these achievements, solidifying his reign as a period of significant expansion and divine favor.
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
The verse employs Descriptive Language to paint a vivid and precise picture of Solomon's architectural endeavors and their defensive nature. The specific listing of "walls, gates, and bars" is a clear example of Enumeration, providing precise details that emphasize the thoroughness and strength of the fortifications. This detailed description also serves as a form of Emphasis, highlighting the strategic importance of Bethhoron and the significant resources and foresight Solomon dedicated to securing his kingdom. Furthermore, the construction of such formidable defenses can be seen as a form of Symbolism, representing the stability, power, and prosperity of Solomon's reign, which was characterized by peace and extensive building projects, contrasting with later periods of conflict. The cumulative effect of these details underscores the immense power and God-given wisdom of Solomon, capable of executing such massive and vital infrastructure projects for the well-being of his nation.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Solomon's meticulous construction of Bethhoron as "fenced cities" speaks profoundly to the theological theme of wise stewardship and diligent preparation. Just as Solomon, endowed with divine wisdom, invested in the physical security of his kingdom, believers are called to exercise wisdom in building spiritual "strongholds" in their lives. This involves not only defending against external threats but also establishing internal structures of faith and righteousness. The emphasis on "walls, gates, and bars" can be seen as a metaphor for the spiritual disciplines and truths that protect the heart and mind from the assaults of sin, temptation, and error. God's people are called to be vigilant, building their lives on the firm foundation of His Word, trusting in His ultimate protection while actively participating in their own spiritual defense. This proactive approach to security, rooted in God-given wisdom and reliance on His strength, ensures stability and resilience in the face of life's challenges, reflecting a responsible and faithful walk.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
While 2 Chronicles 8:5 describes ancient fortifications, its underlying principles resonate deeply with the spiritual life of believers today. Solomon's strategic foresight in building physical defenses for his kingdom serves as a powerful reminder for us to engage in diligent and wise preparation in our own lives. Just as he secured vital routes and vulnerable points, we are called to protect the spiritual pathways of our hearts and minds. This means intentionally building "fenced cities" of faith, guarding our spiritual integrity with the "walls" of God's truth, the "gates" of discernment, and the "bars" of spiritual discipline. We must be proactive in fortifying our convictions, protecting our relationships from harmful influences, and establishing healthy boundaries against the ideologies and temptations that would seek to undermine our walk with God. This verse encourages us to invest in foundational spiritual structures—consistent prayer, diligent Scripture study, authentic fellowship, and obedient living—that provide security and stability. By doing so, we ensure that we are well-prepared to stand firm against the challenges, doubts, and spiritual attacks that inevitably arise, living out our faith with resilience and purpose.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why were Bethhoron the upper and nether so strategically important?
Answer: Bethhoron the upper and nether were critically important due to their unique geographical location. They were situated on the main ascent and descent of a vital pass that connected the fertile coastal plain (the Shephelah) with the central highlands of Judah and Ephraim. This pass served as a primary route for trade, communication, and military movements throughout ancient Israel. Controlling Bethhoron meant controlling access between these two significant regions. For any invading army approaching from the west, the Bethhoron pass was often the most direct and vulnerable route into the heartland of Israel. Conversely, for Israel, it was a crucial defensive choke point. By fortifying both the upper and lower sections of this pass, King Solomon ensured comprehensive control and defense of a key artery into his kingdom, protecting both his people and his economic interests. Its significance is highlighted throughout biblical history, from Joshua's decisive victory there in Joshua 10:10-11 to its role in later conflicts, demonstrating its enduring strategic value.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While 2 Chronicles 8:5 details Solomon's construction of physical strongholds to secure his earthly kingdom, it ultimately points to a greater, spiritual fulfillment in Jesus Christ. Solomon, in his God-given wisdom, built "fenced cities" to provide security and stability for his people, yet even these formidable defenses were temporal and could eventually be breached or fall into ruin. Jesus Christ, however, is the ultimate and eternal "fenced city" for all who believe. He is our true stronghold, the unshakeable foundation upon whom we are built into a spiritual house, a holy priesthood, as described in 1 Peter 2:5. Through His finished work on the cross and His glorious resurrection, He has provided perfect and eternal security against the ultimate enemies: sin, death, and the devil. The "walls" of His righteousness, the "gates" of His boundless grace, and the "bars" of His unbreakable covenant protect those who are in Him. He is the Chief Cornerstone upon whom the entire spiritual edifice of the Church is built, and against which the "gates of hell shall not prevail" (Matthew 16:18). In Christ, believers find a refuge far more secure than any earthly fortification, a spiritual dwelling where their hearts and minds are guarded by the peace of God, which transcends all understanding (Philippians 4:7). He is the true King who builds an eternal kingdom, providing ultimate protection and an everlasting dwelling place for His redeemed people, a city whose builder and maker is God Himself (Hebrews 11:10).