1 Samuel 16:18

KJV

Then answered one of the servants, and said, Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite, [that is] cunning in playing, and a mighty valiant man, and a man of war, and prudent in matters, and a comely person, and the LORD [is] with him.

KJV (with Strong's)

Then answered {H6030} one {H259} of the servants {H5288}, and said {H559}, Behold, I have seen {H7200} a son {H1121} of Jesse {H3448} the Bethlehemite {H1022}, that is cunning {H3045} in playing {H5059}, and a mighty {H1368} valiant man {H2428}, and a man {H376} of war {H4421}, and prudent {H995} in matters {H1697}, and a comely {H8389} person {H376}, and the LORD {H3068} is with him.

Complete Jewish Bible

One of the young men answered, "Here, I've seen one of the sons of Yishai the Beit-Lachmi who knows how to play. He's a brave soldier, he can fight, he chooses his words carefully and he's pleasant-looking. Besides, ADONAI is with him."

Berean Standard Bible

One of the servants answered, “I have seen a son of Jesse of Bethlehem who knows how to play the harp. He is a mighty man of valor, a warrior, eloquent and handsome, and the LORD is with him.”

American Standard Version

Then answered one of the young men, and said, Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Beth-lehemite, that is skilful in playing, and a mighty man of valor, and a man of war, and prudent in speech, and a comely person; and Jehovah is with him.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
1 Samuel 16:18 serves as the pivotal introduction of David, the future king of Israel, to King Saul's court. This verse, spoken by one of Saul's discerning servants, paints a comprehensive portrait of David, highlighting his multifaceted talents—from musical prowess and military might to wisdom and physical attractiveness—culminating in the profound declaration that the Lord's presence is with him. This initial commendation not only secures David's place in Saul's service but also foreshadows his divinely ordained destiny as Israel's next monarch, showcasing God's meticulous preparation of His chosen instrument.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse immediately follows God's rejection of King Saul due to his disobedience and Samuel's secret anointing of David in Bethlehem as the new king (as detailed in [1 Samuel 16:1-13](/1_samuel/16 "1 Samuel 16 - David's Anointing and Saul's Torment")). Saul, now tormented by an evil spirit from the Lord, is advised by his servants to seek a skilled musician to soothe him ([1 Samuel 16:14-17](/1_samuel/16 "1 Samuel 16 - David's Anointing and Saul's Torment")). It is in this desperate search for relief that one of the servants steps forward to recommend David, presenting a vivid and compelling description of his many virtues. This introduction sets the stage for David's entry into the royal court, marking the beginning of his ascent to power and his eventual replacement of Saul.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The ancient Near East placed high value on a king's personal qualities, which often included military prowess, wisdom, and even physical appearance, as these were seen as indicators of divine favor and leadership capability. Music, particularly the lyre or harp, was not merely entertainment but often held spiritual significance, used to soothe troubled spirits, invoke prophecy, or offer praise. Bethlehem, a relatively small town, was David's ancestral home, emphasizing his humble origins before his divine elevation. The concept of "the Lord being with him" was a crucial marker of legitimate leadership and divine endorsement in Israel, signifying success, wisdom, and protection, echoing similar affirmations for figures like Joseph and Moses.

* **Key Themes:** The primary themes emerging from this verse and its immediate context include **Divine Sovereignty and Providence**, as God orchestrates David's introduction and rise, preparing him for the throne long before he is publicly recognized. It also highlights the **Qualities of Godly Leadership**, contrasting Saul's outward appearance and pride with David's inner character and dependence on God, aligning with God's earlier declaration that He looks at the heart, not outward appearance ([1 Samuel 16:7](/1_samuel/16-7 "1 Samuel 16:7 - God Looks at the Heart")). The **Empowering Presence of the Holy Spirit** is also central, as the Spirit of the Lord had departed from Saul ([1 Samuel 16:14](/1_samuel/16-14 "1 Samuel 16:14 - The Spirit of the Lord Departs from Saul")) but rested powerfully upon David ([1 Samuel 16:13](/1_samuel/16-13 "1 Samuel 16:13 - Samuel Anoints David")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Cunning in playing (Hebrew, _nagan'_):** The Hebrew verb נָגַן (_nagan'_) refers to playing a stringed instrument, typically the lyre or harp, with skill and expertise. This is not merely a casual hobby but indicates a high level of proficiency, suggesting David's artistic talent and sensitivity. His musical ability was not just for personal enjoyment but became a divinely appointed means of service, opening the door to the royal court.
* **Prudent in matters (Hebrew, _navon davar'_):** The phrase נָבוֹן דָּבָר (_navon davar'_) literally means "discerning of word" or "understanding of a matter." This signifies wisdom, good judgment, and eloquence not only in action but also in speech and counsel. David was not only capable in practical affairs but also intelligent, articulate, and able to handle complex situations with discernment, a crucial quality for a future king and leader.
* **The LORD is with him (Hebrew, _waYHWH ‘immo_):** This culminating phrase, וַיהוָה עִמּוֹ (_waYHWH ‘immo_), is the most significant commendation. It denotes divine favor, presence, and empowerment. It means that God's active presence accompanies David, guiding his steps, enabling his talents, and ensuring his success. This divine endorsement is the ultimate source of David's strength and effectiveness, elevating him beyond mere human excellence and marking him as God's chosen instrument.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Then answered one of the servants, and said, Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite":** The introduction of David comes from an unexpected but credible source—one of King Saul's own servants. This emphasizes that David's reputation was already known, even in the royal court, and highlights the servant's keen observation. Identifying him as "a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite" firmly roots David in his family and geographical origin, establishing his identity before listing his attributes.
* **"[that is] cunning in playing, and a mighty valiant man, and a man of war, and prudent in matters, and a comely person":** This clause provides a comprehensive catalogue of David's diverse and impressive qualities. He is presented as a skilled musician, a courageous and strong warrior, experienced in combat, wise and discerning in counsel, and physically attractive. This multi-faceted description paints a picture of a remarkably well-rounded individual, possessing both artistic sensitivity and formidable strength, intellectual acumen and appealing presence.
* **"and the LORD [is] with him":** This final phrase serves as the climax of the servant's commendation and the most profound attribute. It transcends all the human qualities listed, indicating that David's true power, success, and distinction derive not merely from his inherent talents but from the active, empowering presence and favor of God. This divine endorsement is what truly sets David apart and marks him as supremely qualified for leadership.

#### Literary Devices
The servant's description of David employs several effective literary devices. The most prominent is **Catalogue** or **List**, as the verse enumerates a series of distinct qualities David possesses: musical skill, valor, military experience, prudence, and comeliness. This cumulative listing builds a comprehensive and impressive portrait of the young man. This catalogue also functions as **Foreshadowing**, with each attribute hinting at David's future roles: his musical ability will soothe Saul, his valor and military prowess will be crucial in defeating Goliath and leading Israel's armies, and his prudence will be essential for governing as king. The structure of the list itself demonstrates **Climax** or **Ascension**, as it builds from more external or skill-based qualities (cunning in playing, comely person) to the ultimate and most significant attribute: "the LORD is with him." This places divine favor as the supreme and foundational quality. Finally, there is an element of **Irony** when contrasted with Saul's initial selection based on outward appearance ([1 Samuel 9:2](/1_samuel/9-2 "1 Samuel 9:2 - Saul's Stature")). While Saul was chosen for his impressive stature, David, though also "comely," is ultimately chosen and endorsed by God primarily because of His presence with him, highlighting God's different criteria for leadership.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
1 Samuel 16:18 powerfully illustrates God's sovereign hand in raising up leaders and His unique criteria for selection. While human eyes might be drawn to outward appearance or obvious strength, God looks at the heart and seeks those with whom His Spirit can dwell and empower. David's diverse qualities, though impressive, are ultimately secondary to the profound declaration that "the LORD is with him." This signifies that true effectiveness in God's service stems not from inherent human ability alone, but from divine enablement and favor. God meticulously prepares His chosen instruments, often in obscurity, equipping them with a combination of natural talents and spiritual anointing to fulfill His purposes. This verse underscores that God's presence is the ultimate qualification, transforming natural gifts into divinely potent tools for His kingdom.

* [1 Samuel 16:7](/1_samuel/16-7 "1 Samuel 16:7 - God Looks at the Heart")
* [Acts 13:22](/acts/13-22 "Acts 13:22 - David, a Man After God's Own Heart")
* [Proverbs 21:30-31](/proverbs/21-30 "Proverbs 21:30-31 - No Wisdom Against the Lord")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
This verse offers a profound blueprint for understanding God's work in individuals and His call to us today. It reminds us that God often prepares His chosen ones in unexpected ways, utilizing a diverse array of gifts—artistic, intellectual, physical, and relational—for His grand purposes. David's journey from shepherd to king, marked by these varied skills, teaches us that no talent is too small or too secular for God to use. More importantly, the culminating phrase, "the LORD is with him," shifts our focus from human achievement to divine presence. It challenges us to recognize that while cultivating our gifts is good, the most vital attribute for any believer is an intimate, abiding relationship with God, allowing His Spirit to empower and guide us. Our ultimate success and impact are not measured by our inherent abilities but by the degree to which God's presence is evident in our lives, making us effective instruments in His hands. We are called to cultivate not just skills, but character, wisdom, and a deep reliance on the One who truly enables all things.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What diverse gifts and talents has God given you, and how might He be preparing you to use them for His purposes in ways you haven't yet considered?**
* **How does the servant's final observation, "the LORD is with him," challenge your understanding of true success and effective leadership in both secular and spiritual contexts?**
* **In what specific areas of your life do you most need to cultivate wisdom and prudence, trusting in God's guidance rather than relying solely on your own understanding?**

### FAQ
**Why is David's musical skill mentioned first among his many attributes?**

Answer: David's musical skill is mentioned first because it is the immediate and practical need that brings him into King Saul's service. Saul is tormented by an evil spirit and requires someone skilled in playing the lyre to soothe him ([1 Samuel 16:14-17](/1_samuel/16 "1 Samuel 16 - David's Anointing and Saul's Torment")). This highlights God's providential way of opening doors; He uses David's existing, cultivated talent to bring him into the royal court, positioning him for his future role. Furthermore, music held significant cultural and spiritual importance in ancient Israel, often associated with prophecy and the calming of troubled spirits, making it a highly valued attribute for someone entering the king's presence.

**What does "the LORD is with him" truly signify in the context of David's introduction?**

Answer: This phrase is the most crucial part of the servant's commendation and signifies much more than mere good fortune. It indicates divine favor, empowerment by the Holy Spirit, guidance, and endorsement. The Spirit of the Lord had departed from Saul ([1 Samuel 16:14](/1_samuel/16-14 "1 Samuel 16:14 - The Spirit of the Lord Departs from Saul")) and had come powerfully upon David after his anointing ([1 Samuel 16:13](/1_samuel/16-13 "1 Samuel 16:13 - Samuel Anoints David")). Therefore, "the LORD is with him" is the ultimate seal of divine approval, confirming that David is God's chosen instrument. It implies that his other qualities—his valor, wisdom, and even comeliness—are not just natural attributes but are enhanced and made effective by God's enabling presence, ensuring success in his endeavors and marking him as fit for the kingship.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
1 Samuel 16:18, in its comprehensive description of David, serves as a remarkable Old Testament foreshadowing of Jesus Christ, the ultimate Son of David and the perfect King. Just as David was "cunning in playing," Jesus is the divine harmonizer, bringing peace to troubled souls and reconciling humanity to God through His perfect sacrifice, a melody of grace that soothes the deepest anxieties. He is the "mighty valiant man" and "man of war" who triumphed over sin, death, and the devil, not with a physical sword, but through His spiritual warfare on the cross, ultimately leading captivity captive ([Ephesians 4:8](/ephesians/4-8 "Ephesians 4:8 - Christ's Ascension and Gifts")). Jesus is supremely "prudent in matters," embodying all wisdom and knowledge ([Colossians 2:3](/colossians/2-3 "Colossians 2:3 - Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge")), speaking words of life and truth with unparalleled discernment. While David was "a comely person," Jesus, though perhaps not physically striking in the way the world values, possesses a divine beauty and glory that surpasses all earthly attractiveness, the very radiance of God's glory ([Hebrews 1:3](/hebrews/1-3 "Hebrews 1:3 - The Radiance of God's Glory")). Crucially, the servant's final declaration about David, "and the LORD is with him," finds its ultimate and perfect fulfillment in Jesus. He is Emmanuel, "God with us" ([Matthew 1:23](/matthew/1-23 "Matthew 1:23 - Emmanuel, God With Us")), in whom the fullness of God dwells bodily ([Colossians 2:9](/colossians/2-9 "Colossians 2:9 - The Fullness of God in Christ")). The Spirit of the Lord rested upon Him without measure ([Isaiah 11:2](/isaiah/11-2 "Isaiah 11:2 - The Spirit of the Lord on the Messiah"); [John 3:34](/john/3-34 "John 3:34 - God Gives the Spirit Without Limit")), empowering His ministry, miracles, and ultimately His resurrection. Thus, David, in his multifaceted excellence and divine anointing, points us to Christ, the true King who perfectly embodies every virtue and whose very being is defined by the Father's eternal presence and power.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Samuel 3:19

¶ And Samuel grew, and the LORD was with him, and did let none of his words fall to the ground.

Genesis 39:23

The keeper of the prison looked not to any thing [that was] under his hand; because the LORD was with him, and [that] which he did, the LORD made [it] to prosper.

Genesis 39:2

And the LORD was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous man; and he was in the house of his master the Egyptian.

1 Samuel 17:32

And David said to Saul, Let no man's heart fail because of him; thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine.

1 Samuel 17:36

Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God.

1 Samuel 10:7

And let it be, when these signs are come unto thee, [that] thou do as occasion serve thee; for God [is] with thee.

Matthew 1:23

Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us.