TRV
Translation
King James Version
And the sons of Shimon were, Amnon, and Rinnah, Benhanan, and Tilon. And the sons of Ishi were, Zoheth, and Benzoheth.
Complete Jewish Bible
The sons of Shimon: Amnon, Rinah, Ben-Hanan and Tilon. The sons of Yish'i: Zochet and Ben-Zochet.
Berean Standard Bible
The sons of Shimon: Amnon, Rinnah, Ben-hanan, and Tilon. The descendants of Ishi: Zoheth and Ben-zoheth.
American Standard Version
And the sons of Shimon: Amnon, and Rinnah, Ben-hanan, and Tilon. And the sons of Ishi: Zoheth, and Ben-zoheth.
World English Bible Messianic
The sons of Shimon: Amnon, and Rinnah, Ben Hanan, and Tilon. The sons of Ishi: Zoheth, and Ben Zoheth.
Geneva Bible (1599)
And the sonnes of Shimon were Amnon and Rinnah, Ben-hanam and Tilon. And the sonnes of Ishi were Zoheth, and Benzoheth.
Young's Literal Translation
And sons of Shimon are Amnon, and Rinnah, Ben-Hanon, and Tilon; and sons of Ishi: Zoheth, and Ben-Zoheth.
In the KJVVerse 10,406 of 31,102
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Commentary on 1 Chronicles 4 verses 11–23
11 ¶ And Chelub the brother of Shuah begat Mehir, which was the father of Eshton.
12 And Eshton begat Bethrapha, and Paseah, and Tehinnah the father of Irnahash. These are the men of Rechah.
13 And the sons of Kenaz; Othniel, and Seraiah: and the sons of Othniel; Hathath.
14 And Meonothai begat Ophrah: and Seraiah begat Joab, the father of the valley of Charashim; for they were craftsmen.
15 And the sons of Caleb the son of Jephunneh; Iru, Elah, and Naam: and the sons of Elah, even Kenaz.
16 And the sons of Jehaleleel; Ziph, and Ziphah, Tiria, and Asareel.
17 And the sons of Ezra were, Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon: and she bare Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa.
18 And his wife Jehudijah bare Jered the father of Gedor, and Heber the father of Socho, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah. And these are the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, which Mered took.
19 And the sons of his wife Hodiah the sister of Naham, the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maachathite.
20 And the sons of Shimon were, Amnon, and Rinnah, Benhanan, and Tilon. And the sons of Ishi were, Zoheth, and Benzoheth.
21 The sons of Shelah the son of Judah were, Er the father of Lecah, and Laadah the father of Mareshah, and the families of the house of them that wrought fine linen, of the house of Ashbea,
22 And Jokim, and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had the dominion in Moab, and Jashubilehem. And these are ancient things.
23 These were the potters, and those that dwelt among plants and hedges: there they dwelt with the king for his work.
We may observe in these verses, 1. That here is a whole family of craftsmen, handicraft tradesmen, that applied themselves to all sorts of manufactures, in which they were ingenious and industrious above their neighbours, Ch1 4:14. There was a valley where they lived which was, from them, called the valley of craftsmen. Those that are craftsmen are not therefore to be looked upon as mean men. These craftsmen, though two of a trade often disagree, yet chose to live together, for the improving of arts by comparing notes, and that they might support one another's reputation. 2. That one of these married the daughter of Pharaoh (Ch1 4:18), which was the common name of the kings of Egypt. If an Israelite in Egypt before the bondage began, while Joseph's merits were yet fresh in mind, was preferred to be the king's son-in-law, it is not to be thought strange: few Israelites could, like Moses, refuse an alliance with the court. 3. That another is said to be the father of the house of those that wrought fine linen, Ch1 4:21. It is inserted in their genealogy as their honour that they were the best weavers in the kingdom, and they brought up their children, from one generation to another, to the same business, not aiming to make them gentlemen. This Laadah is said to be the father of those that wrought fine linen, as before the flood Jubal is said to be the father of musicians and Jabal of shepherds, etc. His posterity inhabited the city of Mareshah, the manufacture or staple commodity of which place was linen-cloth, with which their kings and priests were clothed. 4. That another family had had dominion in Moab, but were now in servitude in Babylon, Ch1 4:22, Ch1 4:23. (1.) It was found among the ancient things that they had the dominion in Moab. Probably in David's time, when that country was conquered, they transplanted themselves thither, and were put in places of power there, which they held for several generations; but this was a great while ago, time out of mind. (2.) Their posterity were now potters and gardeners, as is supposed in Babylon, where they dwelt with the king for his work, got a good livelihood by their industry, and therefore cared not for returning with their brethren to their own land, after the years of captivity had expired. Those that now have dominion know not what their posterity may be reduced to, nor what mean employments they may be glad to take up with. But those were unworthy the name of Israelites that would dwell among plants and hedges rather than be at the pains to return to Canaan.
Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 11–23. Public domain.
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Theodoret of CyrusAD 458
QUESTIONS ON FIRST CHRONICLES, PROLOGUE
The Chronicles also speak about the tabernacle because a temple of the Lord had not yet been built by either Samuel or David. The text also adds that that the holy services were held in the tabernacle. Worship was observed at that time according to the number of the days of the week. For it also says, “and their kindred who were in their villages were obliged to come in every seven days, in turn, to be with them.” With regard to the holy utensils it says, “Some of them had charge of the utensils of service, for they were required to count them when they were brought in and taken out. Others of them were appointed over the furniture, and over all the holy utensils, also over the choice flour, the wine, the oil, the incense and the spices.” And about the priests it says, “Others, of the sons of the priests, prepared the mixing of the spices.” With regard to the tomb of Saul the Chronicles gives us much information, and in the Book of Kings itself we read that his bones were gathered and buried in the land of Jabesh.
Theodoret of CyrusAD 458
QUESTIONS ON 1 CHRONICLES, PROLOGUE
There is abundant information in the books of Chronicles which were written to continue the books of the Kings and to preserve the memory of such important events. The first book begins with a genealogy that sets out to demonstrate how the human race came from a single man. Since it focuses only on the single kingdom of Judah, it can tell us about its cities and the villages, and from where they took their names. Here we come to know Nathan, from whom the blessed Luke constructed the beginning of his genealogy of our Lord and Savior, Son of David and Solomon’s brother4 on his mother’s side: “The following children were born to him in Jerusalem: Shimeah, Shobab, Nathan and Solomon, that is, the four children he fathered with Bersabea, daughter of Ammiel.” And Rechab6 herself, who is mentioned in many books of Scripture, is said to have come from the tribe of Judah.It also clearly explains why Reuben lost his birthright and Joseph gained it and also, finally, the reason why the tribe of Judah obtained the highest honor: “The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel. He was the firstborn, but because he defiled his father’s bed his birthright was given to the sons of Joseph son of Israel, so that he is not enrolled in the genealogy according to the birthright; though Judah became prominent among his brothers and a ruler came from him, yet the birthright belonged to Joseph.” It also explains the reason why such a great honor was conceded to Joseph. By the will of God Judah had the dignity of receiving the Lord who was born from him according to the flesh. This is the sense tacitly expressed with the words “a leader from him.” Indeed the passage seems to assert that not only the kings of the earth derived from Judah, but also the eternal king himself who had no beginning and will never end.
It also describes the situation of the tribes beyond the Jordan, those of Reuben and Gad, and even the tribes of Manasseh which later were received into those of the Hagarites and the Itureans, and talks about the tribes of the Naphiseans, and all those peoples who entered into conflict with them. In addition the text relates how they fought and won, and made the Hagarites flee. And it also reports the reason for the victory: “When they received help against them, the Hagarites and all who were with them were given into their hands, for they cried to God in the battle, and he granted their entreaty because they trusted in him.” It also describes the amount of the spoils of war: “They captured their livestock: 50, of their camels, 250, sheep, 2, donkeys and 100, captives. Many were slain because the war was from God. And they lived in their territory until the exile.”
Theodoret of CyrusAD 458
QUESTIONS ON 1 CHRONICLES, PROLOGUE
The genealogy of the priests and the Levites comes after this. It relates that Zadok, who was high priest at the time of David, had been the eleventh from Aaron; that Azariah, nephew of Zadok, had been the first to receive the priestly anointing in the temple built by Solomon. Among them there was also Jehozadak, who was brought to Babylon as a war prisoner. Jesus9 was his son, a high priest as well, who delivered the people from bondage together with Zerubbabel, and built a temple for the Lord. Here we also learn that Korah, who revolted against the great Moses, was a nephew of Isaar, son of Caath and brother of Amram, Aaron’s and Moses’ father. According to this lineage he was related to the first legislator. But he himself paid in the desert for his errors, although his children did not share the punishment of their father. From here Samuel13 came and then Aeman, who intoned Psalms and was a nephew of the prophet Samuel. In fact he was the son of Joel, son of Samuel. On the other hand, Asaph, one of the singers, came from the lineage of Gerson, son of Levi and brother of Caath. Aetham, who also belonged to the group of the singers, had Merari, the third son of Levi, as great-grandfather.The text also explains the difference between the priests and the Levites. It relates that the Levites were initiated into all the ministries of the holy altar of God: “But Aaron and his sons made offerings on the altar of burnt offering and on the altar of incense, doing all the work of the most holy place, to make atonement for Israel, according to all that Moses the servant of God had commanded.” It seems to me, in fact, that this book was written after the return from Babylon. For this reason it also talks about the bondage and explains its cause: “So all Israel was enrolled by genealogies; and these are written in the book of the Kings of Israel. And Judah was taken into exile in Babylon because of their unfaithfulness. Now the first to live again in their possessions in their towns were Israelites, priests, Levites, and temple servants.” These accounts show that the book was begun after the captivity. Indeed no historian ever relates facts that happened afterwards, but what happened before or during his times. And actually only the prophets have the power to foretell the future. In addition it says that also those who had inhabited that land before them had been enslaved. And actually many of them still live with them: the Canaanites, Chettites, Jebusites, who had been their companions in such a misfortune. Also the priests and the Levites were brought into captivity with the Israelites. I believe that those who were called “the saints’ servants” were then called Nathinim. Many of them, in fact, consecrated themselves to the ministries of the priests and the Levites. There were among them also those who were entrusted with the carrying of the water, the gathering of wood and other necessary duties. Indeed, if it was imposed to the Gabaonites, who were foreigners, to follow Joshua in the praises and to perform some works as porters or carpenters, this task was even more the duty of the Israelites. As a proof of this I have found in the interpretation of Hebrew names that this name means “house of Iaō,” that is, “of the God who is.” The text, in fact, mentions the children of Israel and among them Judah and Benjamin, and Ephraim18 and Manasseh. It also mentions the priests and the Levites, who inhabited those cities. About the Korēnites it says that they derived from Korah. It also says that among them there had been the guardians of the temple of God as well, and it seems that this custom had been introduced by Samuel and David. “All these, who were chosen as gatekeepers at the thresholds, were two hundred twelve. They were enrolled by genealogies in their villages. David and the prophet Samuel established them in their office of trust. So they and their descendants were in charge of the gates of the house of the Lord, that is, the house of the tent, as guards. The gatekeepers were on the four sides, east, west, north, and south.”
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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SUMMARY
First Chronicles 4:20 is a concise yet significant entry within the extensive genealogical records of the tribe of Judah, meticulously detailing the descendants of two individuals, Shimon and Ishi. This verse, like many others in the early chapters of Chronicles, serves to document the lineage of Israel, reinforcing tribal identity, land inheritance rights, and the continuity of God's covenant promises through generations, even in seemingly minor branches of the family tree, thereby underscoring divine faithfulness and the preservation of God's people.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
The primary literary device at play in 1 Chronicles 4:20, and indeed throughout the early chapters of Chronicles, is Genealogy. This is not merely a list of names but a structured literary form with specific functions. It serves as a historical record, establishing the continuity of a people from their earliest origins. The Chronicler uses genealogy to affirm the identity of the post-exilic community, connecting them directly to the patriarchs, the tribes, and the Davidic line. Furthermore, the meticulous nature of these lists, including seemingly minor branches, underscores the theological concept of God's Providence and Faithfulness in preserving His chosen people. The device of Enumeration is also central, as the verse simply lists names, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of the record rather than narrative action. The Repetition of the phrase "And the sons of..." creates a rhythmic pattern characteristic of ancient registers, reinforcing the systematic presentation of familial lines.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The meticulous recording of genealogies in 1 Chronicles, including seemingly minor entries like 1 Chronicles 4:20, serves a profound theological purpose beyond mere historical record-keeping. It powerfully underscores God's unwavering faithfulness to His covenant promises, particularly those concerning the preservation of a chosen people and the eventual emergence of the Davidic king. Even when individuals are only named, their inclusion signifies that every link in the chain is vital to God's overarching plan for salvation history. This divine attention to detail assures us that God is actively involved in the lives of individuals and the trajectory of nations, orchestrating events to fulfill His redemptive purposes. The very existence of these lists, compiled after the trauma of exile, offered hope and reassurance to a people seeking to reconnect with their heritage and God's enduring commitment to them.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
In a world that often values notoriety and grand achievements, 1 Chronicles 4:20 reminds us of the profound significance of every individual life within God's vast tapestry. While the names Shimon, Ishi, Amnon, Rinnah, Benhanan, Tilon, Zoheth, and Benzoheth may not resonate with heroic tales, their inclusion in the inspired Word of God testifies to His meticulous attention to detail and His sovereign care over every generation. This verse invites us to consider that our lives, too, however seemingly ordinary, are known to God and play a part in His unfolding purposes. It encourages us to find our identity not in fleeting accomplishments or public recognition, but in our connection to God's eternal story and His covenant people. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of heritage, reminding us that we are beneficiaries of a long line of faith, called to faithfully pass on the legacy of God's truth to future generations, knowing that our faithfulness contributes to the ongoing narrative of redemption.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why are there so many genealogies in the Bible, and what is their purpose?
Answer: Biblical genealogies, like the one in 1 Chronicles 4:20, serve multiple crucial purposes. Historically, they provided a meticulous record of tribal identity, land inheritance rights, and priestly succession, especially vital for the post-exilic community. Theologically, they demonstrate God's faithfulness in preserving His chosen people through generations, ensuring the continuity of His covenant promises. They also highlight the divine orchestration of history, culminating in the promised Messiah. For example, the genealogies in Genesis 5 and Genesis 10 establish humanity's origins and the spread of nations, while those in Chronicles and the Gospels (Matthew 1 and Luke 3) meticulously trace the lineage of the Messiah.
Do these brief mentions of individuals, like Shimon and Ishi's sons, mean their lives were insignificant?
Answer: Absolutely not. While the biblical narrative does not provide extensive details about every person mentioned in its genealogies, their very inclusion in the inspired Word of God signifies their importance within God's sovereign plan. For the Chronicler, every name was a vital link in the chain of God's people, contributing to the overall story of His faithfulness and the preservation of His covenant. This perspective reminds us that even lives that seem "small" or "unseen" in human terms are known and valued by God, playing a unique and necessary role in His grand design, as affirmed in passages like Psalm 139:16 which states that all our days were written in His book before one of them came to be.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While 1 Chronicles 4:20, with its list of names, may seem far removed from the person of Jesus Christ, its inclusion in the sacred text finds profound Christ-centered fulfillment within the broader biblical narrative. The meticulous preservation of these genealogies, particularly within the tribe of Judah, underscores God's unwavering commitment to His covenant promises, especially the promise of a "seed" or descendant who would ultimately bring salvation. Every name listed, from Adam to the obscure figures in Chronicles, is a testament to God's sovereign hand guiding history towards the arrival of the ultimate Son of David. The very purpose of these extensive records was to establish the legitimate lineage through which the Messiah would come, ensuring that Jesus, born of the tribe of Judah, was indeed the fulfillment of all Old Testament prophecies. The genealogies presented in Matthew 1:1-17 and Luke 3:23-38 meticulously trace this lineage, affirming that in Christ, all the promises made to Abraham, David, and indeed, all the faithful individuals recorded in these ancient lists, find their ultimate "Yes" and "Amen" (2 Corinthians 1:20). Thus, even the brief mention of Shimon and Ishi's sons points to the divine faithfulness that meticulously prepared the way for the Lamb of God, who would take away the sin of the world (John 1:29), establishing His eternal kingdom (Luke 1:32-33).