1 Chronicles 13:1

KJV

¶ And David consulted with the captains of thousands and hundreds, [and] with every leader.

KJV (with Strong's)

And David {H1732} consulted {H3289} with the captains {H8269} of thousands {H505} and hundreds {H3967}, and with every leader {H5057}.

Complete Jewish Bible

David consulted with the commanders of thousands and of hundreds - with every leader.

Berean Standard Bible

Then David conferred with all his leaders, the commanders of hundreds and of thousands.

American Standard Version

And David consulted with the captains of thousands and of hundreds, even with every leader.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
First Chronicles 13:1 records King David's pivotal act of consulting with the military and civil leaders of Israel regarding the return of the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem. This initial step underscores David's commitment to both spiritual renewal and consultative leadership, signaling a new era for the nation where God's presence would be central, and national endeavors would be undertaken with collective wisdom and divine guidance.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse immediately follows David's anointing as king over all Israel in [1 Chronicles 11](/1-chronicles/11 "1 Chronicles 11 - David Becomes King") and the establishment of his capital in Jerusalem (the "City of David") in [1 Chronicles 11:4-9](/1-chronicles/11-4 "1 Chronicles 11:4-9 - David Captures Jerusalem"). The preceding chapters detail David's rise to power, the unification of the tribes under his rule, and the consolidation of his kingdom. With the political and military foundations laid, David now turns his attention to the spiritual heart of the nation. The decision to bring the Ark to Jerusalem is the first major national initiative after his coronation, highlighting its supreme importance in his reign and the Chronicler's theological agenda. This act sets the stage for the subsequent narrative of the Ark's journey, its tragic initial failure, and its eventual successful relocation to Jerusalem, culminating in David's desire to build a temple.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** At this point, the Ark of the Covenant had been separated from the tabernacle and the central place of worship for many decades, ever since its capture by the Philistines and its subsequent return to Kirjath-jearim, where it remained in the house of Abinadab ([1 Samuel 7:1-2](/1-samuel/7-1 "1 Samuel 7:1-2 - The Ark at Kirjath-jearim")). This long absence meant that Israel's spiritual life lacked a central, visible symbol of God's presence and covenant. David's initiative to bring the Ark to Jerusalem was not merely a logistical move but a profound theological statement, aiming to restore the Ark to its rightful place as the symbol of God's dwelling among His people, thereby re-establishing Jerusalem as the spiritual as well as political capital. Culturally, kings in the ancient Near East often sought to consolidate their power by patronizing religious institutions; David's move, however, was rooted in genuine piety and a desire to honor Yahweh, distinguishing his reign from purely secular kingship.

* **Key Themes:** The primary themes emerging from [1 Chronicles 13:1](/1-chronicles/13-1 "1 Chronicles 13:1 - David Consults Leaders") include **Consultative Leadership**, **Spiritual Centralization**, and **National Unity**. David's decision to "consulted with the captains of thousands and hundreds, and with every leader" demonstrates a model of shared governance, valuing the input of his military and civil commanders rather than acting unilaterally. This approach aimed to foster broad support and unity for a national spiritual endeavor, emphasizing that significant undertakings, especially those involving the nation's spiritual well-being, require collective buy-in and shared responsibility. Furthermore, the very act of seeking to bring the Ark to Jerusalem underscores the theme of **God's Presence** as central to Israel's identity and prosperity, a theme that reverberates throughout the books of Chronicles, particularly in the context of the temple and worship ([1 Chronicles 16](/1-chronicles/16 "1 Chronicles 16 - David's Psalm of Thanks")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Consulted (Hebrew, _ya'ats'_):** This verb implies a deliberate seeking of counsel, a process of deliberation, and the formation of a plan together. It is not merely an announcement or a directive, but suggests a collaborative discussion where opinions are weighed, and a consensus is ideally reached. In the context of leadership, it highlights David's intentional approach, valuing collective wisdom and shared responsibility for significant national undertakings. This term is often used in wisdom literature to emphasize the importance of seeking advice before making crucial decisions, as seen in [Proverbs 15:22](/proverbs/15-22 "Proverbs 15:22 - Plans Fail Without Counsel").

* **Captains of thousands and hundreds (Hebrew, _sarê ha'alafîm w'hamme'ôt'_):** These titles refer to the military commanders who led divisions of the Israelite army. The "captain of a thousand" would oversee a large contingent, while the "captain of a hundred" would command a smaller unit. Their inclusion in David's consultation indicates that this was not merely a religious or civil matter but a national undertaking that required the support and participation of the military, reflecting the integrated nature of Israelite society where spiritual and military aspects were often intertwined. Their presence ensured that the logistical and security aspects of moving the Ark could be properly planned and executed.

* **Every leader (Hebrew, _l'khol nagid'_):** This phrase broadens the scope of consultation beyond just military personnel to include all forms of national leadership. A "nagid" (leader or prince) could refer to tribal heads, civil administrators, or other influential figures within the nation. David's inclusion of "every leader" signifies his desire for comprehensive national unity and buy-in for such a momentous spiritual initiative. It underscores his understanding that the Ark's return was a matter of national importance, requiring the endorsement and participation of all segments of Israelite society.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And David consulted":** This opening phrase immediately establishes David's active role as king, but crucially, it highlights his method of leadership. Rather than issuing a decree, David initiates a process of seeking counsel, demonstrating humility and wisdom. This sets a precedent for his reign, showing a king who governs with consideration for his people and their representatives.
* **"with the captains of thousands and hundreds":** This specifies the first group David consulted – his military commanders. Their involvement was crucial for the practical logistics and security of moving the Ark, which was a sacred object but also a potential target. It also shows David's reliance on his established military structure for national projects beyond warfare.
* **"[and] with every leader":** This broadens the scope of consultation to include all other significant leaders in Israel, encompassing civil, tribal, and perhaps religious heads. This comprehensive approach ensured that the decision to bring the Ark to Jerusalem was a truly national consensus, fostering unity and shared ownership for this foundational spiritual endeavor.

#### Literary Devices
The verse primarily employs **Synecdoche** by referencing "captains of thousands and hundreds" and "every leader" to represent the entire military and civil leadership of Israel, thereby implying the consultation of the entire nation through its representatives. This emphasizes the broad consensus and national unity David sought for this significant undertaking. Additionally, the Chronicler's choice to open this new section with David's act of consultation rather than a direct command highlights **Characterization**, portraying David as a wise, inclusive, and God-fearing leader who prioritizes collective wisdom and national buy-in for spiritual matters, setting a tone for his reign that emphasizes both piety and prudent governance.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
1 Chronicles 13:1 is profoundly theological in its implications, showcasing David's understanding that the success of his kingdom was intrinsically linked to God's presence and blessing. By prioritizing the Ark's return, David signals a shift from purely political and military consolidation to spiritual restoration, recognizing that true national strength flows from a right relationship with Yahweh. His consultative approach also models a form of leadership that honors the wisdom of the community, reflecting a divine principle often found in wisdom literature that "in a multitude of counselors there is safety" ([Proverbs 11:14](/proverbs/11-14 "Proverbs 11:14 - Safety in Counsel")). This verse sets the stage for the dramatic events surrounding the Ark's journey, ultimately leading to its placement in Jerusalem and David's subsequent desire to build a permanent dwelling for God, a desire that would be fulfilled by his son Solomon.

* [1 Chronicles 13:3](/1-chronicles/13-3 "1 Chronicles 13:3 - David's Intent for the Ark")
* [Proverbs 11:14](/proverbs/11-14 "Proverbs 11:14 - Counsel for Victory")
* [2 Samuel 6:1](/2-samuel/6-1 "2 Samuel 6:1 - David Gathers Israel to Bring the Ark")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
David's decision to consult with all the leaders before embarking on the monumental task of bringing the Ark of the Covenant back to Jerusalem offers a timeless lesson in leadership and community engagement. It teaches us that even those in positions of authority benefit immensely from seeking diverse perspectives and fostering collaborative decision-making. This approach builds unity, ensures broader buy-in, and often leads to more robust and sustainable outcomes, especially for initiatives that impact the entire community or nation. For believers today, whether in the church, workplace, or family, this verse encourages a spirit of humility and collaboration, reminding us that significant spiritual or communal undertakings are best pursued not in isolation, but through prayerful consultation and collective wisdom, recognizing that God often speaks through the counsel of many. It underscores the importance of preparation and seeking consensus even for the most sacred of tasks.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life or leadership could I benefit from more consultation and less unilateral decision-making?**
* **How can I foster a greater sense of unity and shared ownership in the projects or initiatives I am involved in?**
* **What "spiritual undertakings" in my life or community require careful planning, preparation, and perhaps the input of others, similar to David's approach with the Ark?**

### FAQ
**Why did David consult with so many leaders for this task?**

Answer: David consulted with the captains of thousands and hundreds, and with every leader, for several crucial reasons. Firstly, it demonstrated his commitment to **consultative leadership**, showing that he valued the wisdom and input of his military and civil commanders, rather than acting as an absolute monarch. This approach fostered **national unity** and ensured broad support and buy-in for what was a profoundly significant national and spiritual undertaking. By involving all key leaders, David sought to create a sense of shared ownership and responsibility for bringing the Ark, which symbolized God's presence, back to its central place in Israel. It also ensured that the logistical and security aspects of moving such a sacred and important object could be properly planned and executed with the full cooperation of the nation's infrastructure, as seen in the parallel account in [2 Samuel 6:1](/2-samuel/6-1 "2 Samuel 6:1 - David Gathers Israel").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While 1 Chronicles 13:1 describes David's human initiative to bring God's presence (symbolized by the Ark) back to the center of Israel's national life, it foreshadows the ultimate, divine initiative in Christ. David, as king, sought to centralize worship and God's dwelling place, but this was merely a physical representation. The true and eternal dwelling of God among His people is found in Jesus Christ, who is Emmanuel, "God with us" ([Matthew 1:23](/matthew/1-23 "Matthew 1:23 - Emmanuel")). Just as David consulted leaders to bring the Ark, God the Father, in His divine counsel, orchestrated the plan of salvation, sending His Son to reconcile humanity to Himself ([John 3:16](/john/3-16 "John 3:16 - God's Love for the World")). Jesus is the ultimate "Ark," the very presence of God, not confined to a box or a temple, but dwelling in human flesh ([John 1:14](/john/1-14 "John 1:14 - The Word Became Flesh")). His coming fulfills David's desire for God's presence to be central, establishing a new covenant where believers become the temple of the Holy Spirit ([1 Corinthians 6:19](/1-corinthians/6-19 "1 Corinthians 6:19 - Your Body a Temple")) and God's presence indwells His people directly through faith, making every believer a participant in the "royal priesthood" ([1 Peter 2:9](/1-peter/2-9 "1 Peter 2:9 - A Royal Priesthood")), far surpassing any earthly consultation or physical symbol.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

2 Chronicles 29:20

¶ Then Hezekiah the king rose early, and gathered the rulers of the city, and went up to the house of the LORD.

1 Chronicles 12:20

As he went to Ziklag, there fell to him of Manasseh, Adnah, and Jozabad, and Jediael, and Michael, and Jozabad, and Elihu, and Zilthai, captains of the thousands that [were] of Manasseh.

2 Chronicles 34:29

¶ Then the king sent and gathered together all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem.

2 Chronicles 34:30

And the king went up into the house of the LORD, and all the men of Judah, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and the priests, and the Levites, and all the people, great and small: and he read in their ears all the words of the book of the covenant that was found in the house of the LORD.

2 Kings 23:1

¶ And the king sent, and they gathered unto him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem.

2 Samuel 6:1

¶ Again, David gathered together all [the] chosen [men] of Israel, thirty thousand.

1 Chronicles 12:32

And of the children of Issachar, [which were men] that had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do; the heads of them [were] two hundred; and all their brethren [were] at their commandment.