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H4911

מָשַׁל

mâshal /maw-shal'/ Ask about this word
denominative from מָשָׁל
to liken, i.e. (transitively) to use figurative language (an allegory, adage, song or the like); intransitively, to resemble
be(-come) like, compare, use (as a) proverb, speak (in proverbs), utter.

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of mâshal — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Hebrew word mâshal, represented by H4911, is a versatile term for using figurative language. It appears 16 times in 15 unique verses. Its definition includes the actions to liken, compare, use a proverb, or speak in parables. The word can be used transitively, as in uttering a parable, or intransitively, meaning to resemble or become like something else.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In biblical usage, H4911 is prominent in the prophetic book of Ezekiel and the Psalms. The prophets were often commanded to utter a parable to convey a divine message to Israel Ezekiel 24:3. The people of Israel are also described as those who use proverbs, sometimes to express a flawed understanding that God seeks to correct Ezekiel 18:2. In the Psalms, the term is used to express a state of being; David pleads with the LORD not to be silent, lest he become like those who go down into the pit Psalms 28:1. Similarly, man in honor who lacks understanding is said to be like the beasts that perish (Psalms 49:12, Psalms 49:20).

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words help clarify the function of H4911:

  • H1819 dâmâh (to compare, liken): This word is closely related and is used alongside H4911 to challenge idolatry, asking to whom God can be likened or compared Isaiah 46:5.
  • H2790 chârash (to be silent): This term provides a crucial contrast. In Psalms 28:1, David's fear is that if God is silent toward him, he will become like those in the pit, demonstrating a direct link between God's silence and this undesirable comparison.
  • H3381 yârad (to descend): This word often describes the destination in a comparison. In both Psalms 28:1 and Psalms 143:7, the psalmist fears becoming like those who go down into the pit, using this verb to describe the fate he wishes to avoid.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of H4911 is significant, highlighting key scriptural themes.

  • Divine Communication: God uses parables and proverbs as a method of divine instruction. Ezekiel is commanded to speak a parable to the house of Israel, revealing God's plans and judgments through figurative stories (Ezekiel 17:2, Ezekiel 24:3).
  • Human Mortality: The term is used to make humbling comparisons about the human condition. A person without understanding is like the beasts that perish, emphasizing man's frailty when separated from wisdom Psalms 49:20. Job uses it to describe his own debased state, saying he has become like dust and ashes Job 30:19.
  • Confronting False Doctrine: The Lord directly addresses and refutes a proverb being used in Israel that misrepresented His justice, promising they would no longer have occasion to use it Ezekiel 18:3. This shows the power of proverbs to shape belief, for good or ill.
  • Dependence on God: The psalmist's prayer not to be like those in the pit if God hides His face reveals a deep theological truth: separation from God leads to a state resembling death Psalms 143:7.

Summary

In summary, H4911 is more than just a word for comparison; it is a fundamental concept in biblical communication. It encompasses the act of creating and using figurative language, from common proverbs to divinely-inspired parables. Through this term, scripture reveals God's truth, confronts human error, and expresses the profound realities of man's mortality and his utter dependence on God. It illustrates how the Bible uses likeness and resemblance to teach complex spiritual lessons.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Hebrew Old Testament, this word appears as a verb and a noun across 18 occurrences, inflected in 13 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form. Select any form to read what each part of its name means, and to filter the occurrence list to it.

  • נִמְשַׁלְתִּי
  • נִמְשַׁל
  • מְשֹׁל
  • מְשֹׁל
  • מֹּשְׁלִים
  • תַמְשִׁלוּ
  • אֶתְמַשֵּׁל
  • נִמְשָׁלְתָּ
  • מְמַשֵּׁל
  • מִשְׁלֵי
  • יִמְשְׁלוּ
  • יִמְשֹׁל
  • מֹּשֵׁל

Related Words

Related

Other entries the study above points to — each one is drawn from a reference it makes. Follow the trail to see how the words connect.

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

Appears in 15 verses across 5 of the 39 books. Most frequent in Ezekiel (7 verses); never once in the other 34.

1
Numbers
1
Job
4
Psalms
2
Isaiah
7
Ezekiel

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, by grammatical form, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.