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Commentary on Numbers 14 verses 11–19
Here is, I. The righteous sentence which God gave against Israel for their murmuring and unbelief, which, though afterwards mitigated, showed what was the desert of their sin and the demand of injured justice, and what would have been done if Moses had not interposed. When the glory of the Lord appeared in the tabernacle we may suppose that Moses took it for a call to him immediately to come and attend there, as before the tabernacle was erected he went up to the mount in a similar case, Exo 32:30. Thus, while the people were studying to disgrace him, God publicly put honour upon him, as the man of his counsel. Now here we are told what God said to him there.
1.He showed him the great evil of the people's sin, Num 14:11. What passed between God and Israel went through the hands of Moses: when they were displeased with God they told Moses of it (Num 14:2); when God was displeased with them he told Moses too, revealing his secret to his servant the prophet, Amo 3:7. Two things God justly complains of to Moses: - (1.) Their sin. They provoke me, or (as the word signifies) they reject, reproach, despise me, for they will not believe me. This was the bitter root which bore the gall and wormwood. It was their unbelief that made this a day of provocation in the wilderness, Heb 3:8. Note, Distrust of God, of his power and promise, is itself a very great provocation, and at the bottom of many other provocations. Unbelief is a great sin (Jo1 5:10), and a root sin, Heb 3:12. (2.) Their continuance in it: How long will they do so? Note, The God of heaven keeps an account how long sinners persist in their provocations; and the longer they persist the more he is displeased. The aggravations of their sin were, [1.] Their relation to God: This people, a peculiar people, a professing people. The nearer any are to God in name and profession, the more he is provoked by their sins, especially their unbelief. [2.] The experience they had had of God's power and goodness, in all the signs which he had shown among them, by which, one would think, he had effectually obliged them to trust him and follow him. The more God has done for us the greater is the provocation if we distrust him.
2.He showed him the sentence which justice passed upon them for it, Num 14:12. "What remains now but that I should make a full end of them? It will soon be done. I will smite them with the pestilence, not leave a man of them alive, but wholly blot out their name and race, and so disinherit them, and be no more troubled with them. Ah, I will ease me of my adversaries. They wish to die; and let them die, and neither root nor branch be left of them. Such rebellious children deserve to be disinherited." And if it be asked, "What will become of God's covenant with Abraham then?" here is an answer, "I shall be preserved in the family of Moses: I will make of thee a greater nation." Thus, (1.) God would try Moses, whether he still continued that affection for Israel which he formerly expressed upon a like occasion, in preferring their interests before the advancement of his own family; and it is proved that Moses was still of the same public spirit, and could not bear the thought of raising his own name upon the ruin of the name of Israel. (2.) God would teach us that he will not be a loser by the ruin of sinners. If Adam and Eve had been cut off and disinherited, he could have made another Adam and another Eve, and have glorified his mercy in them, as here he could have glorified his mercy in Moses, though Israel had been ruined.
II. The humble intercession Moses made for them. Their sin had made a fatal breach in the wall of their defence, at which destruction would certainly have entered if Moses had not seasonably stepped in and made it good. Here he was a type of Christ, who interceded for his persecutors, and prayed for those that despitefully used him, leaving us an example to his own rule, Mat 5:44.
1.The prayer of his petition is, in one word, Pardon, I beseech thee, the iniquity of this people (Num 14:19), that is, "Do not bring upon them the ruin they deserve." This was Christ's prayer for those that crucified him, Father forgive them. The pardon of a national sin, as such, consists in the turning away of the national punishment; and that is it for which Moses is here so earnest.
2.The pleas are many, and strongly urged.
(1.)He insists most upon the plea that is taken from the glory of God, Num 14:13-16. With this he begins, and somewhat abruptly, taking occasion from that dreadful word, I will disinherit them. Lord (says he), then the Egyptians shall hear it. God's honour lay nearer to his heart than any interests of his own. Observe how he orders this cause before God. He pleads, [1.] That the eyes both of Egypt and Canaan were upon them, and great expectations were raised concerning them. They could not but have heard that thou, Lord, art among this people, Num 14:14. The neighbouring countries rang of it, how much this people were the particular care of heaven, so as never any people under the sun were. [2.] That if they should be cut off great notice would be taken of it. "The Egyptians will hear it (Num 14:13), for they have their spies among us, and they will tell it to the inhabitants of the land" (Num 14:14); for there was great correspondence between Egypt and Canaan, although not by the way of this wilderness. "If this people that have made so great a noise be all consumed, if their mighty pretensions come to nothing, and their light go out in a snuff, it will be told with pleasure in Gath, and published in the streets of Askelon; and what construction will the heathen put upon it? It will be impossible to make them understand it as an act of God's justice, and as such redounding to God's honour; brutish men know not this (Psa 92:6): but they will impute it to the failing of God's power, and so turn it to his reproach, Num 14:16. They will say, He slew them in the wilderness because he was not able to bring them to Canaan, his arm being shortened, and his stock of miracles being spent. Now, Lord, let not one attribute be glorified at the expense of another; rather let mercy rejoice against judgment than that almighty power should be impeached." Note, The best pleas in prayer are those that are taken from God's honour; for they agree with the first petition of the Lord's Prayer, Hallowed be thy name. Do not disgrace the throne of thy glory. God pleads it with himself (Deu 32:27), I feareth the wrath of the enemy; and we should use it as an argument with ourselves to walk so in every thing as to give no occasion to the enemies of the Lord to blaspheme, Ti1 6:1.
(2.)He pleads God's proclamation of his name at Horeb (Num 14:17, Num 14:18): Let the power of the Lord be great. Power is here put for pardoning mercy; it is his power over his own anger. If he should destroy them, God's power would be questioned; if he should continue and complete their salvation, notwithstanding the difficulties that arose, not only from the strength of their enemies, but from their own provocations, this would greatly magnify the divine power: what cannot he do who could make so weak a people conquerors and such an unworthy people favourites? The more danger there is of others reproaching God's power the more desirous we should be to see it glorified. To enforce this petition, he refers to the word which God had spoken: The Lord is long-suffering and of great mercy. God's goodness had there been spoken of as his glory; God gloried in it, Exo 34:6, Exo 34:7. Now here he prays that upon this occasion he would glorify it. Note, We must take our encouragement in prayer from the word of God, upon which he has caused us to hope, Psa 119:49. "Lord, be and do according as thou hast spoken; for hast thou spoken, and wilt thou not make it good?" Three things God had solemnly made a declaration of, which Moses here fastens upon, and improves for the enforcing of his petition: - [1.] The goodness of God's nature in general, that he is long-suffering, or slow to anger, and of great mercy; not soon provoked, but tender and compassionate towards offenders. [2.] His readiness in particular to pardon sin: Forgiving iniquity and transgression, sins of all sorts. [3.] His unwillingness to proceed to extremity, even when he does punish. For in this sense the following words may be read: That will by no means make quite desolate, in visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children. God had indeed said in the second commandment that he would thus visit, but here he promises not to make a full end of families, churches, and nations, at once; and so it is very applicable to this occasion, for Moses cannot beg that God would not at all punish this sin (it would be too great an encouragement to rebellion if he should set no mark of his displeasure upon it), but that he would not kill all this people as one man, Num 14:15. He does not ask that they may not be corrected, but that they may not be disinherited. And this proclamation of God's name was the more apposite to his purpose because it was made upon occasion of the pardoning of their sin in making the golden calf. This sin which they had now fallen into was bad enough, but it was not idolatry.
(3.)He pleads past experience: As thou hast forgiven this people from Egypt, Num 14:19. This seemed to make against him. Why should those be forgiven any more who, after they had been so often forgiven, revolted yet more and more, and seemed hardened and encouraged in their rebellion by the lenity and patience of their God, and the frequent pardons they had obtained? Among men it would have been thought impolitic to take notice of such a circumstance in a request of this nature, as it might operate to the prejudice of the petitioner: but, as in other things so in pardoning sin, God's thoughts and ways are infinitely above ours, Isa 55:9. Moses looks upon it as a good plea, Lord, forgive, as thou hast forgiven. It will be no more a reproach to thy justice, nor any less the praise of thy mercy, to forgive now, than it has been formerly. Therefore the sons of Jacob are not consumed, because they have to do with a God that changes not, Mal 3:6.
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SUMMARY
Numbers 14:15 captures a critical moment in Moses' fervent intercession for the rebellious Israelites at Kadesh-Barnea. Following the nation's profound unbelief and refusal to enter the Promised Land, which provoked God's righteous anger and threat of annihilation, Moses appeals to the Lord's profound concern for His own reputation and glory among the surrounding Gentile nations. Moses masterfully argues that if God were to destroy His chosen people, whom He had so miraculously delivered from Egypt, it would lead to blasphemous misinterpretations of His power, faithfulness, and character by those who had witnessed His mighty deeds, thereby diminishing His renown in the eyes of the world.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
Numbers 14:15 employs several powerful literary devices to enhance Moses' appeal. Moses' statement functions as a Hypothetical Statement, presenting a "what if" scenario to highlight the dire and far-reaching consequences of God's proposed action. It is also a masterful Rhetorical Appeal, designed to persuade God not by appealing to Israel's nonexistent merit, but by appealing directly to God's own inherent honor and reputation. This appeal subtly uses Anthropomorphism, attributing to God a concern for His "fame" and how He is perceived by others, even though God's glory is inherent and not dependent on human opinion. Moses understands that God acts supremely for His own name's sake. There is also an element of Irony at play: God's fame was established through His powerful acts of deliverance for Israel, yet the destruction of this very people would paradoxically undermine that fame in the eyes of the nations, suggesting a failure of power or faithfulness rather than a just judgment.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This verse underscores a profound theological truth: God's ultimate and sovereign concern is for the glory of His own name above all else. Moses' argument is not an attempt to manipulate God, but rather a deep, Spirit-inspired understanding of God's covenantal faithfulness and His unwavering commitment to revealing His character to the world. The destruction of Israel, after all the mighty acts of deliverance from Egypt, would have created an insurmountable theological scandal among the nations, leading them to conclude that Yahweh was either unable to save His people, or that He was capricious, unfaithful, or weak. God's subsequent decision to relent, as seen in the verses immediately following, powerfully demonstrates His sovereignty and His willingness to act for His name's sake, even when His people are profoundly undeserving. This passage highlights the tension between God's righteous judgment against sin and His merciful preservation of His covenant people for the sake of His global witness and the ultimate unfolding of His redemptive plan.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Numbers 14:15 offers profound and enduring lessons for contemporary believers. First, it powerfully illustrates the critical and often overlooked role of intercessory prayer. Moses, despite the people's egregious and repeated sin, stood courageously in the gap, appealing to God's character and overarching purposes rather than the people's merit. This calls us to pray boldly, persistently, and selflessly for others, especially when they are in rebellion, struggling, or facing dire consequences, always appealing to God's boundless mercy, unwavering faithfulness, and ultimate concern for His own glory. Second, the verse serves as a potent reminder of the profound responsibility we bear as God's redeemed people. Our lives, our actions, and even our failures can either bring honor and glory to God's name or cause it to be blasphemed and diminished among those who observe us. We are called to live in a way that consistently reflects God's holy character, understanding that our witness profoundly impacts how the world perceives and responds to Him. Finally, this passage provides immense comfort in the face of God's patience and mercy. Despite Israel's repeated and severe provocations, God, in His sovereign grace and for the sake of His own name, listened to Moses' plea, demonstrating His willingness to extend mercy even in the face of profound unbelief, always with His ultimate glory and redemptive plan in mind.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why was God going to destroy the Israelites at this point?
Answer: God's intention to destroy the Israelites stemmed directly from their profound unbelief and rebellion at Kadesh-Barnea. After receiving the report from the twelve spies, ten of whom delivered a fearful and discouraging account, the people refused to enter the Promised Land, doubted God's power to deliver, and even proposed appointing a new leader to return to the slavery of Egypt Numbers 14:1-4. This act of defiance was a direct rejection of God's covenant promises, His demonstrated power, and His faithfulness, provoking His righteous anger and leading to His declaration of judgment Numbers 14:11-12.
What was the main argument Moses used to persuade God not to destroy them?
Answer: Moses' main argument, powerfully highlighted in Numbers 14:15, was God's reputation and glory among the surrounding Gentile nations. He reasoned that if God were to annihilate His chosen people, whom He had so miraculously delivered from Egyptian bondage, the nations who had heard of His immense fame would inevitably misinterpret His actions. They would conclude that Yahweh was either unable to bring His people into the promised land or that He had abandoned them, thereby diminishing His power, faithfulness, and honor in their eyes Numbers 14:13-14. Moses appealed to God's own commitment to His holy name and His global witness, understanding that God's ultimate purpose is to make His glory known throughout the earth.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Numbers 14:15, with Moses' courageous and self-sacrificing intercession, powerfully foreshadows the ultimate and perfect intercession of Jesus Christ. Moses stood as a mediator between a holy God and a sinful, rebellious people, appealing to God's character and reputation to avert immediate judgment. Yet, Moses' intercession, while effective in averting immediate destruction, could not ultimately save that entire generation from the consequences of their unbelief; they still perished in the wilderness due to their sin Numbers 14:29-35. In stark contrast, Jesus Christ is the perfect, eternal, and all-sufficient intercessor, who not only pleads for His people but also perfectly fulfills God's righteous demands through His atoning sacrifice. His death on the cross upheld God's justice against sin while simultaneously demonstrating His boundless mercy and love, ensuring that God's name is supremely glorified in the salvation of His people Romans 3:25-26. Unlike Israel's repeated failures that continually threatened God's reputation, Christ's perfect obedience and ultimate sacrifice permanently secure God's glory and His people's salvation. The new covenant community, the Church, is preserved not by its own merit, but by the finished work of the Lamb of God, ensuring that God's "fame" is eternally magnified among all nations through the gospel message John 1:29; Revelation 7:9-10.