Joshua 18:6

KJV

Ye shall therefore describe the land [into] seven parts, and bring [the description] hither to me, that I may cast lots for you here before the LORD our God.

KJV (with Strong's)

Ye shall therefore describe {H3789} the land {H776} into seven {H7651} parts {H2506}, and bring {H935} the description hither to me, that I may cast {H3384} lots {H1486} for you here before {H6440} the LORD {H3068} our God {H430}.

Complete Jewish Bible

You will describe seven portions of land and bring the descriptions here to me; then I will cast lots for you here before ADONAI our God.

Berean Standard Bible

When you have mapped out the seven portions of land and brought it to me, I will cast lots for you here in the presence of the LORD our God.

American Standard Version

And ye shall describe the land into seven portions, and bring the description hither to me; and I will cast lots for you here before Jehovah our God.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Joshua 18:6 captures a pivotal moment in Israel's post-conquest settlement, where Joshua issues a direct and urgent command to the seven remaining tribes who had not yet received their territorial inheritance. This verse outlines a crucial, divinely-guided process for the systematic survey and division of the land, emphasizing both human responsibility in meticulous preparation and ultimate reliance on God's sovereign will through the sacred act of casting lots. It underscores the meticulous fulfillment of God's covenant promises to His people, ensuring each tribe received its designated and divinely appointed portion in the Promised Land.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Joshua 18:6 is situated in the latter half of the book of Joshua, marking a significant transition from military conquest to the administrative task of land distribution. Following the initial major campaigns that largely subdued the Canaanite inhabitants, and the allocation of territories to Judah, Ephraim, and Manasseh in [Joshua 14-17](/joshua/14 "Joshua 14-17 - Initial Land Distribution"), a considerable challenge remained: seven tribes had been slow or complacent in fully possessing their allotted territories. Joshua's command in this verse serves as a decisive catalyst, providing a clear, structured directive for the equitable survey and distribution of the remaining land. This instruction sets the stage for the detailed tribal boundaries and inheritances described in the subsequent chapters of [Joshua 18-19](/joshua/18 "Joshua 18-19 - Remaining Tribal Allotments"), thereby bringing the land distribution process to its comprehensive conclusion.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The command in Joshua 18:6 is issued at Shiloh, a strategically central location where the Tabernacle, the portable sanctuary symbolizing God's presence, had been formally established ([Joshua 18:1](/joshua/18-1 "Joshua 18:1 - The Tabernacle at Shiloh")). This establishment signified Israel's transition from a nomadic, warring confederation to a settled nation with a spiritual and administrative hub. The practice of "casting lots" was a deeply ingrained and sacred method in ancient Israel for discerning God's will in critical decisions, such as land allocation, rather than a game of chance. It reflected a profound theological conviction that God's sovereignty extended even to seemingly random outcomes, as explicitly affirmed in [Proverbs 16:33](/proverbs/16-33 "Proverbs 16:33 - The Lord Directs the Lot"). The directive to "describe the land" highlights the practical challenges of surveying a vast, diverse, and often unmapped territory, necessitating skilled individuals and a methodical approach to ensure fairness, prevent future disputes, and accurately record the tribal inheritances.
* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully illustrates the intricate interplay between **Divine Mandate and Human Responsibility**. While God had sovereignly promised the land and secured victory, He required Israel to actively participate in its division and possession, demonstrating that divine sovereignty often works in conjunction with human diligence and obedience. It also underscores the importance of **Order and Preparation** in fulfilling God's purposes; the directive to "describe the land into seven parts" emphasizes meticulous planning, systematic execution, and careful recording, ensuring an equitable and organized distribution rather than a haphazard one. Furthermore, the reliance on "casting lots before the LORD our God" highlights Israel's profound **Dependence on Divine Guidance** for their future, acknowledging God as the ultimate dispenser of their inheritance and the one who ensures justice. Ultimately, this command is a crucial step in the **Fulfillment of God's Covenant Promises** to Abraham regarding the land ([Genesis 15:18-21](/genesis/15-18-21 "Genesis 15:18-21 - God's Covenant with Abraham")) and reiterated to Moses concerning its division ([Numbers 26:55-56](/numbers/26-55-56 "Numbers 26:55-56 - Land Division by Lot")), ensuring each tribe received its rightful and divinely appointed place.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Describe (Hebrew, _kâthab'_):** From the root H3789, this verb means "to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)." In the context of Joshua 18:6, it implies a meticulous and detailed process of surveying, mapping, and recording the geographical features and boundaries of the land. This was not a casual inspection but a thorough, professional undertaking requiring precision and accuracy, essential for an equitable and undisputed division of territory among the tribes.
* **Parts (Hebrew, _chêleq'_):** From the root H2506, this noun refers to a "portion" or "allotment." It signifies a distinct division or share of the land. The command to divide the land "into seven parts" indicates a structured and equitable distribution, ensuring that each of the seven remaining tribes would receive a clearly defined and separate inheritance. This term emphasizes the methodical nature of the land division, moving from a general survey to specific, delineated portions.
* **Lots (Hebrew, _gôwrâl'_):** From the root H1486, this noun refers to "a pebble, i.e. a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)." The act of "casting lots" was a common and sacred practice in ancient Israel, understood as a means of discerning divine will rather than mere chance. It typically involved objects like stones or marked pieces of wood cast into a container, with the outcome believed to reveal God's sovereign decision. In this context, it ensured that the final allocation of the land portions was divinely ordained, removing potential human bias or contention.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Ye shall therefore describe the land into seven parts":** This clause conveys Joshua's direct and urgent command to the representatives of the seven tribes who had not yet received their inheritance. The word "therefore" links this instruction to Joshua's previous challenge to their complacency (Joshua 18:3). "Describe the land" mandates a thorough, detailed survey and mapping of the remaining unallocated territory, which was then to be meticulously divided into seven distinct portions, corresponding to the seven tribes awaiting their allocation. This preparatory work was fundamental for an orderly, fair, and documented distribution.
* **"and bring the description hither to me":** The surveyed maps or written descriptions of these seven proposed land portions were to be brought back to Joshua at Shiloh. This emphasizes Joshua's central leadership and oversight role, as well as the importance of Shiloh as the administrative and spiritual hub where the Tabernacle resided. This step ensured accountability and allowed Joshua to review the proposed divisions before the ultimate allocation.
* **"that I may cast lots for you here before the LORD our God":** This final phrase reveals the ultimate authority and method for the land's distribution. After the human effort of surveying and dividing, the final allocation was left to divine determination through the sacred act of casting lots. The phrase "before the LORD our God" signifies that this act was performed in the sacred presence of the Tabernacle, acknowledging God's ultimate ownership of the land and His sovereign right to distribute it among His people. This process removed any potential for human bias, favoritism, or dispute in the final assignment of tribal territories, ensuring a divinely sanctioned outcome.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several significant literary devices to convey its message. **Command** is central, as Joshua issues a direct imperative ("Ye shall therefore describe... and bring... that I may cast..."), highlighting his authority as God's chosen leader and the urgency of the task. The phrase "describe the land" functions as a **Metonymy**, where the act of describing stands for the entire comprehensive process of surveying, mapping, and preparing the land for division. The act of "casting lots" serves as a powerful **Symbolism** for divine sovereignty and guidance, representing Israel's profound reliance on God to determine their future and inheritance. It underscores the theological principle that even in practical matters of national administration, God's will is supreme. Furthermore, the meticulous specification of "seven parts" and the repeated emphasis on the methodical division and allocation create a sense of **Order and Precision**, reflecting God's character as a God who brings order out of potential chaos.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Joshua 18:6 stands as a profound testament to God's unwavering faithfulness in fulfilling His covenant promises, particularly the grant of the land to Abraham's descendants. It beautifully illustrates the essential partnership between divine sovereignty and human responsibility; while God had sovereignly given the land and secured victory, He required Israel to actively participate in its possession, organization, and distribution. The meticulous process of surveying and the sacred act of casting lots underscore the belief that God is a God of order, justice, and precision, who oversees even the minute details of His people's inheritance. This passage reminds us that our inheritance, whether physical or spiritual, often requires diligent preparation and active engagement, while ultimately resting on God's sovereign hand.

* [Numbers 26:55-56](/numbers/26-55-56 "Numbers 26:55-56 - Land Division by Lot")
* [Proverbs 16:33](/proverbs/16-33 "Proverbs 16:33 - The Lot is Cast by the Lord")
* [Psalm 78:55](/psalm/78-55 "Psalm 78:55 - God's Allotment of Inheritance")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Joshua 18:6 offers a timeless blueprint for how believers should approach the "inheritance" God has given them, whether it be spiritual gifts, opportunities, life's callings, or stewardship responsibilities. Just as the Israelites were called to move beyond complacency and actively "describe the land," we are challenged to diligently assess, prepare for, and engage with the blessings and responsibilities God has placed before us. This requires intentionality, careful planning, and often, diligent effort. It means not passively waiting but actively exploring, learning, and developing the resources and talents God has entrusted to us. Yet, the ultimate act of "casting lots before the LORD" reminds us that our most diligent efforts are always submitted to God's sovereign will and wisdom. We are called to be faithful stewards of what we've been given, trusting that God's perfect plan will unfold as we faithfully participate. This passage encourages us to pray earnestly, plan meticulously, and then proceed with confidence, knowing that our ultimate success, direction, and true inheritance come from Him alone.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **Where in your life might you be "sitting still" (Joshua 18:3) instead of actively "describing the land" that God has called you to possess or steward?**
* **How can you better balance diligent preparation and planning with complete, trusting submission to God's sovereign direction for your life or ministry?**
* **In what specific areas do you need to "bring the description hither to the LORD," seeking His divine guidance and blessing before making final decisions?**

### FAQ

**Why did Joshua command them to "describe the land" instead of just dividing it immediately?**

Answer: The command to "describe the land" (Hebrew: *kâthab*, implying detailed surveying or mapping) was crucial for several reasons, reflecting God's character as a God of order and justice. First, it ensured a fair and equitable distribution. Without a thorough understanding of the terrain, resources, and existing settlements, an arbitrary division could lead to significant disputes and injustices among the tribes, undermining the unity of the nation. Second, it demonstrated the principle of human responsibility in partnership with divine provision; while God had promised the land, He expected the Israelites to actively participate in its organization and possession. Third, it provided a tangible, agreed-upon basis for the sacred act of "casting lots," ensuring that the divine allocation was based on a clear and documented understanding of the available territory. This methodical approach prevented chaos and laid the groundwork for a stable national structure, reflecting God's meticulous nature seen throughout the Law and prophetic literature.

**What was the significance of "casting lots before the LORD our God"?**

Answer: "Casting lots" (Hebrew: *gôwrâl*) was a deeply significant and sacred practice in ancient Israel, far from a mere game of chance. It was understood as a divinely appointed means by which God revealed His sovereign will in important decisions. The phrase "before the LORD our God" emphasizes that this act was performed in the sacred presence of the Tabernacle at Shiloh, signifying that the outcome was divinely ordained and not subject to human manipulation or bias. This practice removed the burden of potentially contentious human decision-making regarding land distribution, ensuring that each tribe's inheritance was perceived as a direct allocation from God Himself. It underscored Israel's absolute dependence on God's guidance for their future and the fulfillment of His covenant promises, as highlighted in [Proverbs 16:33](/proverbs/16-33 "Proverbs 16:33 - The Lot is Cast by the Lord"), which states, "The lot is cast into the lap, but its every decision is from the LORD."

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Joshua 18:6, while rooted in the physical distribution of the Promised Land, points forward profoundly to the spiritual inheritance believers receive in Christ. The meticulous "describing of the land" and the subsequent "casting of lots" prefigure the precise and sovereign way God has allotted spiritual blessings and an eternal inheritance to His people. Just as Israel's physical inheritance was secured by God's promise and mediated through Joshua, so too our ultimate spiritual inheritance is secured by God's eternal covenant and mediated through Jesus Christ. In Christ, believers receive an inheritance that is "imperishable, undefiled, and unfading, kept in heaven for you" ([1 Peter 1:4](/1_peter/1-4 "1 Peter 1:4 - An Imperishable Inheritance")). The "lot" cast for Israel finds its ultimate fulfillment in the divine election and adoption of believers into God's family, where we are "chosen in him before the foundation of the world" ([Ephesians 1:4](/ephesians/1-4 "Ephesians 1:4 - Chosen in Christ")) and have obtained "an inheritance, having been predestined according to the purpose of him who works all things according to the counsel of his will" ([Ephesians 1:11](/ephesians/1-11 "Ephesians 1:11 - Predestined for an Inheritance")). Our spiritual portion is not earned by human effort but is a gracious gift, fully possessed through faith in the One who conquered all spiritual enemies and secured our eternal dwelling place, the true "Promised Land" of God's presence and rest ([Hebrews 4:1-11](/hebrews/4 "Hebrews 4 - Entering God's Rest")). Thus, Joshua's command to possess the physical land foreshadows the New Testament call to "take hold of the eternal life to which you were called" ([1 Timothy 6:12](/1_timothy/6-12 "1 Timothy 6:12 - Take Hold of Eternal Life")), an inheritance freely given and eternally secured by the finished work of Christ on the cross.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Joshua 14:2

By lot [was] their inheritance, as the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses, for the nine tribes, and [for] the half tribe.

Joshua 18:10

And Joshua cast lots for them in Shiloh before the LORD: and there Joshua divided the land unto the children of Israel according to their divisions.

Joshua 18:8

And the men arose, and went away: and Joshua charged them that went to describe the land, saying, Go and walk through the land, and describe it, and come again to me, that I may here cast lots for you before the LORD in Shiloh.

Psalms 105:11

Saying, Unto thee will I give the land of Canaan, the lot of your inheritance:

Numbers 26:54

To many thou shalt give the more inheritance, and to few thou shalt give the less inheritance: to every one shall his inheritance be given according to those that were numbered of him.

Numbers 26:55

Notwithstanding the land shall be divided by lot: according to the names of the tribes of their fathers they shall inherit.

Proverbs 18:18

¶ The lot causeth contentions to cease, and parteth between the mighty.