Hebrews 9:2

KJV

For there was a tabernacle made; the first, wherein [was] the candlestick, and the table, and the shewbread; which is called the sanctuary.

KJV (with Strong's)

For {G1063} there was {G2680} a tabernacle {G4633} made {G2680}; the first {G4413}, wherein {G1722}{G3739}{G5037} was the candlestick {G3087}, and {G2532} the table {G5132}, and {G2532} the shewbread {G4286}{G740}; which {G3748} is called {G3004} the sanctuary {G39}.

Complete Jewish Bible

A tent was set up, the outer one, which was called the Holy Place; in it were the menorah, the table and the Bread of the Presence.

Berean Standard Bible

A tabernacle was prepared. In its first room were the lampstand, the table, and the consecrated bread. This was called the Holy Place.

American Standard Version

For there was a tabernacle prepared, the first, wherein were the candlestick, and the table, and the showbread; which is called the Holy place.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Hebrews 9:2 meticulously describes the initial compartment of the Old Covenant Tabernacle, known as the Holy Place. This verse details the sacred furnishings housed within—the golden lampstand, the table of the bread of the Presence, and the bread itself—elements essential to priestly service and symbolic of God's provision and presence. The author's precise enumeration of these physical components serves to establish the tangible reality of the Old Covenant's worship system, laying a foundational understanding before contrasting it with the superior, spiritual realities inaugurated by Christ's New Covenant ministry.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Hebrews 9:2 immediately follows the author's declaration in [Hebrews 9:1](/hebrews/9-1 "Hebrews 9:1 - The Regulations of the Old Covenant") that the first covenant indeed had regulations for worship and an earthly sanctuary. This verse begins the detailed description of that sanctuary, specifically focusing on the outer chamber, the Holy Place. The subsequent verses ([Hebrews 9:3-5](/hebrews/9-3-5 "Hebrews 9:3-5 - The Holy of Holies and Its Contents")) will then describe the inner chamber, the Holy of Holies, and its contents. This methodical enumeration of the Tabernacle's structure and furnishings is crucial for the author's overarching argument: to demonstrate the limitations of the Old Covenant system and to highlight how Christ's ministry fulfills and surpasses it, providing a more perfect and lasting access to God. The physical descriptions serve as a theological backdrop for the profound spiritual truths that follow regarding Christ's once-for-all sacrifice and heavenly high priesthood.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The Tabernacle, a portable sanctuary, was central to Israelite worship from the time of the Exodus through the wilderness wanderings and into the period of the Judges, preceding the construction of Solomon's Temple. Its design and rituals were meticulously prescribed by God in [Exodus 25-31](/exodus/25-31 "Exodus 25-31 - Instructions for the Tabernacle"). Culturally, the Tabernacle represented God's tangible presence among His people, a dwelling place where He met with them. Its structure, divided into the Outer Court, Holy Place, and Holy of Holies, reflected a progressive access to God, with increasing levels of holiness and restricted entry. Only priests could enter the Holy Place daily to perform their duties, while only the High Priest could enter the Holy of Holies once a year on the Day of Atonement ([Leviticus 16](/leviticus/16 "Leviticus 16 - The Day of Atonement")). This hierarchical access underscored the separation between a holy God and sinful humanity, a separation the author of Hebrews will ultimately show to be overcome in Christ.
* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes significantly to several key themes within the book of Hebrews. Firstly, it emphasizes the **typological nature** of the Old Covenant, where the physical elements of the Tabernacle and its rituals served as shadows or types pointing to the greater realities found in Christ. The author meticulously details these earthly elements to then reveal their heavenly counterparts and ultimate fulfillment in Jesus. Secondly, the verse highlights the theme of **access to God**. The limited access to the Holy Place, and even more so to the Holy of Holies, under the Old Covenant, underscores the need for a new and better way to approach God. The description of the Tabernacle's furnishings, such as the [candlestick](/exodus/25-31 "Exodus 25:31 - The Golden Lampstand") (Menorah) symbolizing divine light and the [table of shewbread](/exodus/25-23-30 "Exodus 25:23-30 - The Table of Showbread") representing God's provision and fellowship, sets the stage for demonstrating how Christ embodies and perfects these symbolic truths. Finally, the verse subtly introduces the theme of **superiority of the New Covenant**, as the author will soon argue that the earthly, temporary sanctuary and its rituals are inferior to the heavenly, eternal sanctuary and Christ's perfect sacrifice.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis

* **tabernacle (Greek, _skēnḗ'_):** From G4633, meaning "a tent or cloth hut." This word emphasizes the temporary, portable, and earthly nature of the Old Covenant sanctuary. Unlike a permanent temple, a tent signifies a transient dwelling, underscoring that this system was not the ultimate or final means of approaching God. Its impermanence contrasts sharply with the eternal, heavenly sanctuary that Christ would establish.
* **made (Greek, _kataskeuázō'_):** From G2680, meaning "to prepare thoroughly, to construct, create." This verb highlights the deliberate and divinely ordained construction of the Tabernacle. It was not a haphazard structure but meticulously "prepared" or "built" according to God's precise instructions ([Exodus 25:8-9](/exodus/25-8-9 "Exodus 25:8-9 - God's Command to Build the Tabernacle")). This emphasizes the intentionality behind its design and purpose, serving as a divinely appointed means for Israel to worship and draw near to God under the Old Covenant.
* **sanctuary (Greek, _hágion'_):** From G39, meaning "a sacred thing (i.e., spot), holy place." This term designates the Tabernacle as a place set apart for God, distinct from the common or profane. It signifies the sacredness and holiness required for God's presence. In this verse, "the sanctuary" specifically refers to the Holy Place, the first compartment of the Tabernacle, accessible to priests but still separated from the innermost Holy of Holies, which was the most sacred area.

#### Verse Breakdown

* **"For there was a tabernacle made":** This opening clause provides the reason (indicated by "For," G1063 _gar_) for the author's subsequent argument about the Old Covenant's regulations. It establishes the physical reality of the Tabernacle, a divinely constructed tent, as the central place of worship under the Mosaic Law. The passive voice "was made" implies divine agency, reinforcing that its existence and design were not human inventions but God's specific command.
* **"the first, wherein [was] the candlestick, and the table, and the shewbread":** This phrase specifies the particular part of the Tabernacle being described—"the first" compartment, known as the Holy Place. It then enumerates the three primary furnishings contained within: the **candlestick** (Menorah), a seven-branched lampstand symbolizing divine light and the presence of God; the **table**, upon which the **shewbread** (literally "bread of presence" or "bread of the face") was placed, symbolizing God's perpetual provision and fellowship with His people, represented by the twelve loaves for the twelve tribes of Israel. These items were essential for the daily priestly service.
* **"which is called the sanctuary":** This concluding phrase identifies the "first" compartment, containing these specific furnishings, as "the sanctuary." While the entire Tabernacle was a sanctuary, this term here specifically denotes the Holy Place, distinguishing it from the Holy of Holies (the "second" tabernacle mentioned in [Hebrews 9:3](/hebrebs/9-3 "Hebrews 9:3 - The Second Tabernacle")). It underscores the sacred, set-apart nature of this space, dedicated exclusively for priestly functions and the symbolic representation of God's presence among His people.

#### Literary Devices

The author of Hebrews employs several literary devices in this verse to advance his theological argument. Most prominently, **Symbolism** is at play, where the physical objects within the Tabernacle—the candlestick, the table, and the shewbread—are not merely mundane items but carry profound spiritual meaning. The candlestick symbolizes divine light and guidance, while the shewbread represents God's sustaining provision and the covenant fellowship He shares with His people. This verse also utilizes **Metonymy**, where the name of an attribute or a related thing is substituted for the thing itself; here, the "candlestick," "table," and "shewbread" stand in for the entire Holy Place, representing its function and sacred contents. Furthermore, the entire description of the Tabernacle serves as **Typology**, where the earthly, Old Covenant sanctuary is presented as a "type" or shadow that prefigures the "antitype"—the greater, heavenly reality of Christ's ministry and the New Covenant. The meticulous detailing of the physical structure prepares the reader to grasp the profound theological implications of its fulfillment in Christ.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS

Hebrews 9:2 intricately connects to the broader biblical narrative by detailing the Old Covenant's system of worship, which served as a divinely ordained, albeit temporary, means for humanity to approach a holy God. The precise description of the Tabernacle's Holy Place and its furnishings underscores God's meticulous design for worship and His desire for fellowship, even within the limitations of a veiled access. The elements described—the light of the Menorah and the sustenance of the shewbread—symbolized God's self-revelation and provision, pointing forward to their ultimate and perfect embodiment in Jesus Christ. This verse thus lays the groundwork for the author's central argument that the Old Covenant, with its earthly sanctuary and repetitive rituals, was a shadow of the superior, heavenly reality fulfilled in Christ's once-for-all sacrifice and His eternal high priesthood.

* [Exodus 25:23-40](/exodus/25-23-40 "Exodus 25:23-40 - Instructions for the Table and Lampstand")
* [Leviticus 24:5-9](/leviticus/24-5-9 "Leviticus 24:5-9 - The Law of the Shewbread")
* [Numbers 8:2-4](/numbers/8-2-4 "Numbers 8:2-4 - The Lighting of the Lampstand")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION

Understanding the meticulous design of the Tabernacle's Holy Place, as described in Hebrews 9:2, offers profound insights for our contemporary faith. It reminds us of God's holy nature and the careful, divinely appointed means by which He has always desired to be approached. The Old Covenant system, with its physical structures and rituals, served as a necessary pedagogical tool, teaching humanity about sin, sacrifice, and the need for a mediator. For us today, the symbolism of the candlestick (light) and the shewbread (provision) points us directly to Jesus, who declared Himself to be the light of the world ([John 8:12](/john/8-12 "John 8:12 - Jesus, the Light of the World")) and the bread of life ([John 6:35](/john/6-35 "John 6:35 - Jesus, the Bread of Life")). This verse encourages us to appreciate the immense privilege we have in the New Covenant, where the veil has been torn, and through Christ, we have direct, unhindered access to God's presence. It calls us to live lives that reflect this privileged access, walking in the light of Christ and relying on His spiritual nourishment, recognizing that the temporary shadows of the past have given way to the eternal reality of His person and work.

#### Questions for Reflection

* **How does understanding the limitations of the Old Covenant Tabernacle enhance your appreciation for Christ's work?**
* **In what ways do you experience Jesus as "the light of the world" and "the bread of life" in your daily walk?**
* **How does the concept of direct access to God through Christ impact your prayer life and worship?**

### FAQ

**What was the purpose of the "shewbread" in the Tabernacle?**

Answer: The "shewbread," also known as the "bread of the Presence" or "bread of the face," consisted of twelve loaves of unleavened bread, representing the twelve tribes of Israel. It was placed on the table in the Holy Place and was to be perpetually before the Lord ([Exodus 25:30](/exodus/25-30 "Exodus 25:30 - The Shewbread")). Its purpose was multifaceted: it symbolized God's continual provision for His people, His covenant faithfulness, and the ongoing fellowship between God and Israel. It was a tangible reminder of Israel's presence before God and God's sustaining presence among them. Only priests were permitted to eat the bread after it was replaced weekly ([Leviticus 24:9](/leviticus/24-9 "Leviticus 24:9 - Eating the Shewbread")).

**Why is the Tabernacle described in such detail in Hebrews?**

Answer: The author of Hebrews meticulously describes the Tabernacle and its elements not merely for historical accuracy, but primarily for theological argumentation. The detailed description serves to establish the tangible reality and divine origin of the Old Covenant's worship system. By laying out the physical components and their functions, the author prepares the reader to understand the limitations of this earthly system. This detailed foundation then allows him to powerfully contrast it with the superior, heavenly reality of Christ's high priesthood and His once-for-all sacrifice. The Tabernacle functions as a "type" or shadow, whose true meaning and fulfillment are found in Christ, the "antitype" ([Hebrews 8:5](/hebrews/8-5 "Hebrews 8:5 - The Heavenly Pattern")).

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT

Hebrews 9:2, in its detailed description of the Old Covenant Tabernacle's Holy Place and its furnishings, serves as a profound backdrop for understanding the Christ-centered fulfillment of God's redemptive plan. The **candlestick** (Menorah), which provided light in the sanctuary, finds its ultimate reality in Jesus, who proclaimed, "[I am the light of the world](/john/8-12 "John 8:12 - Jesus, the Light of the World"); whoever follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life." He is the true illumination, guiding humanity out of spiritual darkness. Similarly, the **table of shewbread**, symbolizing God's perpetual provision and fellowship, is fully realized in Christ, who declared, "[I am the bread of life](/john/6-35 "John 6:35 - Jesus, the Bread of Life"); whoever comes to me shall not hunger, and whoever believes in me shall never thirst." He is the spiritual sustenance that truly satisfies the soul. The earthly "sanctuary" of the Tabernacle, with its limited access, foreshadowed the ultimate, perfect access to God provided through Christ. Whereas priests served in a shadow, Christ entered the true, heavenly sanctuary, not with the blood of animals, but with His own blood, securing an "[eternal redemption](/hebrews/9-12 "Hebrews 9:12 - Christ's Eternal Redemption")" for all who believe. Thus, every element described in this verse points to Jesus as the one who perfectly embodies, fulfills, and surpasses the Old Covenant's types, offering a direct and living way into the very presence of God ([Hebrews 10:19-20](/hebrews/10-19-20 "Hebrews 10:19-20 - Our Access to God Through Christ")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Exodus 40:4

And thou shalt bring in the table, and set in order the things that are to be set in order upon it; and thou shalt bring in the candlestick, and light the lamps thereof.

Leviticus 24:5

And thou shalt take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes thereof: two tenth deals shall be in one cake.

Leviticus 24:8

Every sabbath he shall set it in order before the LORD continually, [being taken] from the children of Israel by an everlasting covenant.

Exodus 26:35

And thou shalt set the table without the vail, and the candlestick over against the table on the side of the tabernacle toward the south: and thou shalt put the table on the north side.

Exodus 40:18

And Moses reared up the tabernacle, and fastened his sockets, and set up the boards thereof, and put in the bars thereof, and reared up his pillars.

Exodus 40:20

And he took and put the testimony into the ark, and set the staves on the ark, and put the mercy seat above upon the ark:

Exodus 26:33

And thou shalt hang up the vail under the taches, that thou mayest bring in thither within the vail the ark of the testimony: and the vail shall divide unto you between the holy [place] and the most holy.