TRV
Oecumenius
Medieval · AD 800–1500
987 passages across 19 books of the Bible · Who was this?
On Hebrews
20 of 257-
Hebrews 10:32-36
The will of God is that you sincerely believe in Him and perform good deeds, and moreover, when the time demands it, you should strive even to the point of shedding blood: for such ones receive the promise.
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Hebrews 10:32-36
"Therefore, do not cast away your confidence," which comes from your works, from faith, from trials, from patience; for these are the things that give us great confidence, that we will receive the promise, freely given.
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Hebrews 10:32-36
“Remember the earlier days.” Behold, he speaks to them more plainly, urging them not to lose patience. He says, therefore: Do not imitate others, but imitate yourselves. For at the beginning of your faith you struggled; keep this struggle in mind; do not lose what you have achieved through laziness. Behold the cleverness; shaking their souls with the memory of that fire, he now encourages them with praises. "after being illuminated." Either concerning baptism, he says, they are illuminated, or concerning the knowledge of Christ. "you endured a great struggle with sufferings, partly." A strong soul is needed to bear accusations and tribulations, even if they are done privately and secretly; however, since they were done openly and in front of everyone (for this means: you were made a spectacle), a stronger one is necessary. "partly while you became companions." He says that not only did you endure your own tribulations with a masculine spirit, but you also shared in the sufferings of those who were wronged, signifying the apostles, who were indeed engaged in accusations and tribulatio…
“Remember the earlier days.” Behold, he speaks to them more plainly, urging them not to lose patience. He says, therefore: Do not imitate others, but imitate yourselves. For at the beginning of your faith you struggled; keep this struggle in mind; do not lose what you have achieved through laziness. Behold the cleverness; shaking their souls with the memory of that fire, he now encourages them with praises.
"after being illuminated." Either concerning baptism, he says, they are illuminated, or concerning the knowledge of Christ.
"you endured a great struggle with sufferings, partly." A strong soul is needed to bear accusations and tribulations, even if they are done privately and secretly; however, since they were done openly and in front of everyone (for this means: you were made a spectacle), a stronger one is necessary.
"partly while you became companions." He says that not only did you endure your own tribulations with a masculine spirit, but you also shared in the sufferings of those who were wronged, signifying the apostles, who were indeed engaged in accusations and tribulations.
"For you had compassion on my chains." He said, Not only did you not need relief, but you also extended helping hands to others who were bound.
"the plundering." It is great to bear the plunder of resources. And when it is accepted even with joy, it is apostolic [ἀποστολικόν].
"and you joyfully accepted." He praises their voluntary patience.
"knowing that you have.” Behold, he also affirms that they have faith.
“and enduring.” This is firm, not as perishing, and passing from one to another.
They still show them holding onto the same things. "your confidence." For they have boldness before God, those who endure such things for Him. -
Hebrews 10:37
And when can we receive the promise? Do not become sluggish, he says: he who repays is near. "For yet a very little while, and he who is coming will come and will not delay." For what he says,"a very little while, [ὅσον ὅσον], signifies a very short time.
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Hebrews 10:38
"But the righteous shall live by faith." Therefore, it is necessary to believe that He will come, for the righteous shall live by faith.
But if he becomes sluggish, he says, and withdraws himself, either from faith or from afflictions, he will not be approved in my soul: As from Christ, receive all this. -
Hebrews 10:39
"But we are not of those who withdraw to destruction." Since he astonished them by saying, "and if he becomes sluggish," he says, "my soul shall have no pleasure in him." He corrects it and says: We are not those who withdraw ourselves or are sluggish, which leads to destruction: but we pertain to faith, to possess and save our souls.
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Hebrews 11:1-4
It consequently expresses what faith is, and says: Faith is the substance and essence of those thingswhich arehoped for. For since those things that exist in hope cannot be perceived, as they are not present in the meantime, faith is a certain essence and substance of them, causing them to be and in a way to become present, because one believes them to be. Moreover, faith is the proof and demonstration of things that are not seen. For faith presents visible things that are invisible. How? By the mind itself seeing those things that do not appear. “for by it the elders have obtained a good report.” By faith, they received a report from God that they were pleasing to Him. "the elders." Who are they? About whom Paul is about to speak. "Through faith we understand that the ages were formed." For what reason could this be demonstrated? Therefore, it is necessary to persuade oneself by faith: "so that what is seen was not brought into being from anything visible." For what word will demonstrate that those things were brought into being from what was not visible?None; but faith alone. T…
It consequently expresses what faith is, and says: Faith is the substance and essence of those thingswhich arehoped for. For since those things that exist in hope cannot be perceived, as they are not present in the meantime, faith is a certain essence and substance of them, causing them to be and in a way to become present, because one believes them to be. Moreover, faith is the proof and demonstration of things that are not seen. For faith presents visible things that are invisible. How? By the mind itself seeing those things that do not appear.
“for by it the elders have obtained a good report.” By faith, they received a report from God that they were pleasing to Him.
"the elders." Who are they? About whom Paul is about to speak.
"Through faith we understand that the ages were formed." For what reason could this be demonstrated? Therefore, it is necessary to persuade oneself by faith:
"so that what is seen was not brought into being from anything visible." For what word will demonstrate that those things were brought into being from what was not visible?None; but faith alone. Therefore, by faith we understand the ages to have been framed, that is, to have come into being, by the word of God. Why, by faith? So that the visible things did not come from things appearing; because the visible things came from things not appearing; the man of faith is needed.
"Abel offered to God a more excellent sacrifice." For whose example did Abel honor God, except that he believed by faith that there would be a compensation for these things?
"by which he obtained a report that he was righteous." For when God said to Cain, "If you offer rightly, but do not divide rightly," (Gen. 4:7) He testified concerning Abel that he both offered rightly and divided rightly. It is also said that fire descended from heaven upon his burnt offering.
"and by it he being dead." Indeed, the victim was the occasion for the slaughter itself. -
Hebrews 11:1-4
[PHOTIUS] "yet speaks." He is immortal; his deed, done through faith, does not allow him to fall into oblivion, he says. [end of the Photius excerpt]
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Hebrews 11:1-4
[OECUMENIUS] Or through itself the faith; however, it speaks through reputation, glory, by remembrance. [end of the Oecumenius excerpt]
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Hebrews 11:1-4
[PHOTIUS] What is said: "and by it he being dead yet speaks," or it is understood that this victim was the occasion for envy and rivalry against his brother: moreover, this gave rise to murder. Or that he speaks through him, although dead: For this reason, it has become the cause for Abel to be remembered and regarded as unfailing. Or, if someone examines both more closely, taking into account that, through it, as it is referred to both being Dead yet Speaks: so that the meaning is: By itself or because of itself the dead host still speaks through it. [break in Photius excerpt]
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Hebrews 11:5-7
"By faith, Enoch." From him, the abolition of death was prefigured. Indeed, through Abel, the approval of the sentence was shown, but through Enoch, it is abolition. Enoch believed that God is a rewarder of those who seek Him; therefore, he was also pleasing to God: and to such an extent was his faith that what seemed contrary also appeared. For Abel, although he had pleased God, was slain, and God did not wish to overlook his death; therefore, Enoch was pleasing to God only by faith, believing in the reward of the good. For the sake of faith, therefore, he was pleasing, and because he was pleasing, he was taken away. "he would not see death," For he was indeed removed, and still lives: moreover, where and how, it is uncertain. "But without faith, it is impossible to please Him." For if someone does not believe in the payment of good deeds and evils, he would not please. For who would tread the laborious path of virtue, not being convinced that there are rewards? "For he who comes to God must believe that He is." It is not about what it is, nor about examining His essence, but one mu…
"By faith, Enoch." From him, the abolition of death was prefigured. Indeed, through Abel, the approval of the sentence was shown, but through Enoch, it is abolition. Enoch believed that God is a rewarder of those who seek Him; therefore, he was also pleasing to God: and to such an extent was his faith that what seemed contrary also appeared. For Abel, although he had pleased God, was slain, and God did not wish to overlook his death; therefore, Enoch was pleasing to God only by faith, believing in the reward of the good. For the sake of faith, therefore, he was pleasing, and because he was pleasing, he was taken away.
"he would not see death," For he was indeed removed, and still lives: moreover, where and how, it is uncertain.
"But without faith, it is impossible to please Him." For if someone does not believe in the payment of good deeds and evils, he would not please. For who would tread the laborious path of virtue, not being convinced that there are rewards?
"For he who comes to God must believe that He is." It is not about what it is, nor about examining His essence, but one must only believe that He exists and that He rewards those who seek it.
"By faith, Noah, having been warned." Connect the "by faith" with "being cautious," so that it reads: "having been warned by faith, Noah prepared an ark concerning things not yet seen, being cautious and fearful." For it was by faith that he heard what would be the flood, to be cautious and terrified.
"having been warned." Having heard from God. Elsewhere it is said, "He was warned by the Spirit." (Luke 2:26) Do you see equality? Just as the Father calls, so also does the Holy Spirit.
"of things not yet seen." He speaks of the flood.
"By which he condemned the world." He showed them to be worthy of punishment, that even when seeing the ark being constructed, they did not believe that there would be a flood.
"of the righteousness which is according to faith." What is established through faith. For that faith justified him by which he believed in God. -
Hebrews 11:8-10
"By faith, Abraham was called." For he would not have followed, if he had not believed that God speaks the truth, to dwell in that land. And the very act of going out was an act of faith. For when God called, he obeyed, believing that he was being called for good. "not knowing where he was going." And the greater aspect of faith is that he did not even know what he was being called to. "By faith he dwelt in the land of promise." See what it says: In the land which God had promised, saying, To you I will give it and to your seed, he lived as a foreigner, and seeing that the promise of God was not yet fulfilled. For God had said he would give it. Yet he, as a stranger, dwelt in a foreign land, and thus he did not weaken in faith, but even with his descendants he regarded it as foreign; nevertheless, he still believed that it would be given to him and to his seed. "dwelling in tents." So much did he dwell in it as a foreign land, that he did not even have a house, but dwelt in tents; for to dwell in tents is the lot of strangers and foreigners of the land, those who move from one place…
"By faith, Abraham was called." For he would not have followed, if he had not believed that God speaks the truth, to dwell in that land. And the very act of going out was an act of faith. For when God called, he obeyed, believing that he was being called for good.
"not knowing where he was going." And the greater aspect of faith is that he did not even know what he was being called to.
"By faith he dwelt in the land of promise." See what it says: In the land which God had promised, saying, To you I will give it and to your seed, he lived as a foreigner, and seeing that the promise of God was not yet fulfilled. For God had said he would give it. Yet he, as a stranger, dwelt in a foreign land, and thus he did not weaken in faith, but even with his descendants he regarded it as foreign; nevertheless, he still believed that it would be given to him and to his seed.
"dwelling in tents." So much did he dwell in it as a foreign land, that he did not even have a house, but dwelt in tents; for to dwell in tents is the lot of strangers and foreigners of the land, those who move from one place to another because they have no permanent possession.
"with Isaac and Jacob." And this shows their faith, that even being co-heirs, they lived in that land as strangers. And Isaac was driven out by Ishmael, while Jacob was fleeing from Esau. Neither did they therefore doubt that the land would not be given to them.
"For he waited." And by what word, he says, did these not weaken in faith, as if dwelling in a foreign land concerning the promised land? For, he says, they were not concerned with the earth, but indeed having received the land of promise, they sought the greater things and were expecting the heavenly city. For if they had been attached to the earth, they would have been shaken by not receiving it. Thus, he says, we also ought to seek the things above, and not have a word about those here.
"the city which has foundations." This is said because of its permanence and certainty, meaning it has foundations, or that it alone has foundations. For those on earth, in comparison to it, do not have foundations.
"whose builder and maker is God."The greatest praise of the one in heaven. -
Hebrews 11:11-12
"By faith, Sarah herself also." It is a challenge that even Sarah herself, as if to say: If a woman has believed, it is a shame if we are found to be of less faith than a woman. But how did she believe? And yet she laughed. But afterwards she was afraid when rebuked, which is what faith is.
"received strength to conceive seed." For the reception of the seed, that is to say, she was strengthened to receive the seed that produces children.
"and she bore a child when she was past the age." This, too, means not only, he says, that she was barren, but also that beyond the proper age, that is to say, in her very old age, she was strengthened to receive the seed.
"because she considered Him faithful." Faithful, that is, truthful. But where did he promise? According to this time, he says, I will come, and there will be a son for Sarah.
"Therefore, from one man." Therefore, all who are of the seed of Abraham were born from one seed, and because of the age, they are as numerous as the stars of heaven and the sand of the sea. -
Hebrews 11:13-16
The phrase, "having seen from afar," some say, refers to those around Abraham regarding the return of their descendants from Egypt. But this is unfitting. We say that they were evangelized concerning the kingdom of heaven, and all that Christ preached. For if they had not heard these things, why would they call themselves foreigners and sojourners? For they did not say these things longing for an earthly homeland, since they could have returned to their own land, but they were seeking heaven. Moreover, if this were not the case, both Abel and Enoch and Noah would be found, having not received the promise from God. For neither was anything earthly promised to them. Nor did it say to Noah that he would be saved in the promise. — "and greeted them." Being persuaded. "they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth." Not of the promised (for this is not great), but of the whole world. "make it clear." They show. "that they are seeking a homeland." That in heaven, obviously. "And if they had been." For that they sought the one in heaven is clear from this. For if they sought their own from…
The phrase, "having seen from afar," some say, refers to those around Abraham regarding the return of their descendants from Egypt. But this is unfitting. We say that they were evangelized concerning the kingdom of heaven, and all that Christ preached. For if they had not heard these things, why would they call themselves foreigners and sojourners? For they did not say these things longing for an earthly homeland, since they could have returned to their own land, but they were seeking heaven. Moreover, if this were not the case, both Abel and Enoch and Noah would be found, having not received the promise from God. For neither was anything earthly promised to them. Nor did it say to Noah that he would be saved in the promise. —
"and greeted them." Being persuaded.
"they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth." Not of the promised (for this is not great), but of the whole world.
"make it clear." They show.
"that they are seeking a homeland." That in heaven, obviously.
"And if they had been." For that they sought the one in heaven is clear from this. For if they sought their own from which God had expelled them, they had the strength to return. For they had time for this to return to their own. But now, seeking a homeland, not returning from which they went out, it is clear that they desire something better and heavenly.
“Therefore God is not ashamed." For just as God is called the God of the world, so Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are called by Him, having made them counterparts of creation. And this is the greatest honor, to deem God to be called their God. For just as God is adorned by the patriarchs, so He is called the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
"for He has prepared a city for them." God is not ashamed to be called their God. And therefore, He says, He is not ashamed because He has fulfilled their desire. They desired a city in heaven, and He has prepared a city for them in it. -
Hebrews 11:13-16
"but having seen them from afar." Thus, he says, they believed in them, from afar by hope, that they also rejoiced in them, and not only were they embracing them.
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Hebrews 11:13-16
Two are sought here. How, having said above that God removed Enoch so that he would not see death, now has he said, "According to faith, all these died"? And again he said, "not having received the promises," although he said above that they had received the rewards of faith. For Noah was saved with his house. And Enoch was removed, and he did not see death. And Abel still speaks through his glory; and Abraham both took possession of the promised land and fathered from Sarah. — The solution. On the one hand, they all died, accept, with Enoch having been taken away. On the other hand, not having received the promises, it says about all, indicating that to those concerning Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, not only land was promised, but also, through their virtue, the heavenly things. This also applies to the others. For, he says, the generous God would not have released Abel for the sake of being glorified, Enoch for the sake of being removed, Noah for the sake of escaping immediate death, or Abraham for the sake of becoming a father of children, or to take hold of the land as in a sojour…
Two are sought here. How, having said above that God removed Enoch so that he would not see death, now has he said, "According to faith, all these died"? And again he said, "not having received the promises," although he said above that they had received the rewards of faith. For Noah was saved with his house. And Enoch was removed, and he did not see death. And Abel still speaks through his glory; and Abraham both took possession of the promised land and fathered from Sarah. — The solution. On the one hand, they all died, accept, with Enoch having been taken away. On the other hand, not having received the promises, it says about all, indicating that to those concerning Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, not only land was promised, but also, through their virtue, the heavenly things. This also applies to the others. For, he says, the generous God would not have released Abel for the sake of being glorified, Enoch for the sake of being removed, Noah for the sake of escaping immediate death, or Abraham for the sake of becoming a father of children, or to take hold of the land as in a sojourn. But these things were granted to them in part. And there was a taste of the truly promised things. For it indicates that they had learned beforehand concerning the kingdom of heaven, saying, having seen them from afar and greeted them. -
Hebrews 11:17-19
That is, "from which, figuratively speaking," it is possible to understand it this way: From where Abraham also brought Isaac in a figure. For he says, he demonstrated some overwhelming obedience, and faith that overcame even the laws of nature, he again receives the son, not as one who offered him, but with a great addition and value of his own faith. For he brought him bearing a figure and a likeness to the Son of God and God. Such things faith is able to accomplish. If, however, you take the common point in the figure from both Abraham and Isaac, that one served as a type of the Father and as a figure and likeness through the offering of the child, while Isaac served as a type of the Son, thus the aforementioned understanding is fulfilled. So great a gain, he says, faith brought to Abraham, that having offered his son, he received him back with the greatest addition. Of which addition was this? The one in the figure, both in relation to the Father and in relation to the Son to be brought forth. That is to say, He brought forth the Son for such a gain, in which the Father willed fo…
That is, "from which, figuratively speaking," it is possible to understand it this way: From where Abraham also brought Isaac in a figure. For he says, he demonstrated some overwhelming obedience, and faith that overcame even the laws of nature, he again receives the son, not as one who offered him, but with a great addition and value of his own faith. For he brought him bearing a figure and a likeness to the Son of God and God. Such things faith is able to accomplish. If, however, you take the common point in the figure from both Abraham and Isaac, that one served as a type of the Father and as a figure and likeness through the offering of the child, while Isaac served as a type of the Son, thus the aforementioned understanding is fulfilled. So great a gain, he says, faith brought to Abraham, that having offered his son, he received him back with the greatest addition.
Of which addition was this? The one in the figure, both in relation to the Father and in relation to the Son to be brought forth. That is to say, He brought forth the Son for such a gain, in which the Father willed for both to be made a type of approach to be accomplished upon the Son. In the figure, God brought forth Isaac; that is, because of the faith and willingness of Abraham, although a ram was presented, and then not brought forth by Abraham, but by God Himself, who also brought forth. Thus, God accepted the sacrifice, as if bringing forth Isaac Himself through the figure and the substitution of the ram. Therefore, it is said, from where He brought him forth, as Isaac, in the parable and substitution of the ram, that is, as the purpose was fulfilled, and the willingness of his faith, therefore, God accepted the sacrifice of Abraham. -
Hebrews 11:17-19
"By faith, Abraham offered up Isaac." By what faith? That God is able to raise him even from the dead. "being tested." God tested Abraham, not because he himself wanted to learn about Abraham (for how could He who searches our hearts be alone in this?); (Ps. 7:10) but rather, he would make it evident to us. "his only begotten." For in case anyone say that he still had a child, and was expecting the promise to be fulfilled through him, he willingly offered Isaac, for he says, he was not the only begotten; he was only begotten in terms of the promise, since he also had Ishmael. "to whom it was said." Thus, it is said, as to the apparent, God seems to command the opposite of what He promised. And yet Abraham did not waver. For how could Isaac be called his seed, when he was commanded to sacrifice Isaac? Nevertheless, he did not hesitate even then. "considering that God was able even to raise him from the dead." Do you see how by faith Abraham did everything? For he believed that God could even raise him from the dead after he was sacrificed. "from which, figuratively speaking." And Abra…
"By faith, Abraham offered up Isaac." By what faith? That God is able to raise him even from the dead.
"being tested." God tested Abraham, not because he himself wanted to learn about Abraham (for how could He who searches our hearts be alone in this?); (Ps. 7:10) but rather, he would make it evident to us.
"his only begotten." For in case anyone say that he still had a child, and was expecting the promise to be fulfilled through him, he willingly offered Isaac, for he says, he was not the only begotten; he was only begotten in terms of the promise, since he also had Ishmael.
"to whom it was said." Thus, it is said, as to the apparent, God seems to command the opposite of what He promised. And yet Abraham did not waver. For how could Isaac be called his seed, when he was commanded to sacrifice Isaac? Nevertheless, he did not hesitate even then.
"considering that God was able even to raise him from the dead." Do you see how by faith Abraham did everything? For he believed that God could even raise him from the dead after he was sacrificed.
"from which, figuratively speaking." And Abraham himself and Isaac himself. For it is fitting concerning the two. But see this, "figuratively." Abraham was a type of God the Father, and Isaac, of the Son of God. For since God was about to provide us with something great, the sacrifice of His Son, being very compassionate, so that we might not think that we are saved by grace alone, He made it necessary to deliver Christ. And the necessity is thus: "Just as," he says, "Abraham was willing to deliver his only-begotten for me to death, so also I," he says, "must deliver my Only-begotten to death for the sake of men." And the "figuratively," we can also understand this way, connecting it to the person of Isaac: He brought Isaac, and made him a figure and a type and an example of Christ, so that just as Isaac was sacrificed according to Abraham's intention, so also Christ was sacrificed, in truth. And thus, the "figuratively," understand; that is, he says, he brought Isaac in a figure, that is, instead of the type and the example. For he indicated the ram, and having given it instead of him, he received Isaac. But the first interpretation, as I think, is much better. -
Hebrews 11:20
"By faith, Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau concerning things to come." From where were such good things promised to his sons, if he did not believe that God would give the promises? And what is it, concerning things to come? Or concerning what is to happen to them, or concerning what is to be given to their offspring. For neither did they themselves enjoy the promise. Jacob, however, is first named because of his virtue.
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Hebrews 11:21-22
"By faith Jacob, as he was dying." — Here, he says not only this, but also therefore he encouraged those to come, as he would also demonstrate in the work itself. For he was about to rise another king from Ephraim.
Therefore, he says, And he adored at the top of his staff, that is, even being old, he worships Joseph, indicating the worship of all, that which was to come to him. And this because he knew that his brothers had adored [προσεκύνησεν] him.It was about to be revealed later, through the ten tribes.