Exodus 39:38

KJV

And the golden altar, and the anointing oil, and the sweet incense, and the hanging for the tabernacle door,

KJV (with Strong's)

And the golden {H2091} altar {H4196}, and the anointing {H4888} oil {H8081}, and the sweet {H5561} incense {H7004}, and the hanging {H4539} for the tabernacle {H168} door {H6607},

Complete Jewish Bible

the gold altar; the anointing oil; the fragrant incense; the screen for the entrance to the tent;

Berean Standard Bible

the gold altar, the anointing oil, the fragrant incense, and the curtain for the entrance to the tent;

American Standard Version

and the golden altar, and the anointing oil, and the sweet incense, and the screen for the door of the Tent;

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Exodus 39:38 is a concise inventory verse, meticulously detailing the completion of several sacred components of the Tabernacle: the golden altar, the anointing oil, the sweet incense, and the hanging for the Tabernacle door. This verse is part of a larger record confirming that all elements of the sanctuary were prepared precisely according to God's divine commands given to Moses on Mount Sinai, signifying the Israelites' faithful obedience in establishing a holy dwelling place for the Lord among them.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Exodus 39 marks the culmination of the detailed instructions for the Tabernacle's construction and the priestly garments, which were first outlined in [Exodus 25-31](/exodus/25 "Exodus 25-31 - Instructions for the Tabernacle"). Having meticulously described the design and materials, the narrative now shifts to the execution of these plans by the skilled craftsmen, Bezalel and Aholiab, and their assistants. Verses 32-43 of this chapter serve as a comprehensive checklist, affirming that every single item, from the large structural components to the smallest furnishings, was brought to Moses for final inspection. The recurring refrain, "as the LORD commanded Moses" (e.g., [Exodus 39:32](/exodus/39-32 "Exodus 39:32 - Completion according to Command"), [Exodus 39:42-43](/exodus/39-42-43 "Exodus 39:42-43 - Everything Made as Commanded")), underscores the paramount importance of precise obedience to divine revelation in the establishment of God's dwelling place and the system of worship. This verse, therefore, functions as a specific itemization within this larger report of completion and presentation.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The construction of the Tabernacle occurred during Israel's nomadic journey through the wilderness, following their miraculous deliverance from Egyptian bondage. In the ancient Near East, temples and sanctuaries were common, serving as dwelling places for deities and centers of religious life. However, Israel's Tabernacle was unique in its portability, reflecting God's dynamic presence with His people as they journeyed, and in its specific divine blueprint, which distinguished it from pagan temples. The meticulous detail in its construction, including the items listed in [Exodus 39:38](/exodus/39-38 "Exodus 39:38 - Inventory of Tabernacle Items"), emphasized the absolute holiness of God and the sacredness required in approaching Him. The materials, craftsmanship, and ritual objects were not arbitrary but were divinely ordained to facilitate a holy encounter between a holy God and His redeemed, yet fallen, people. The very existence of the Tabernacle signified God's covenant faithfulness and His desire to dwell in the midst of Israel, setting them apart from all other nations.
* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes significantly to several overarching themes within Exodus and the Pentateuch. Foremost is the theme of **Obedience to Divine Command**, highlighted by the repeated refrain "as the LORD commanded Moses" throughout [Exodus 39](/exodus/39 "Exodus 39 - Completion of the Tabernacle"). Every detail, down to the anointing oil and incense, was precisely executed according to God's blueprint, emphasizing that true worship and service must align with divine revelation. Secondly, the verse underscores the theme of **God's Holiness and Presence**. The sacred items listed, particularly the golden altar and the anointing oil, were integral to creating a holy space where a holy God could dwell among His people. The careful preparation of these elements reinforced the sacred boundary between the divine and the human, and the meticulousness required to approach God. Finally, the verse speaks to the theme of **Worship and Atonement**, as these items were essential for the sacrificial system and daily rituals that enabled Israel to maintain covenant relationship with God (e.g., [Exodus 30:7-8](/exodus/30-7-8 "Exodus 30:7-8 - Daily Incense Offering")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Altar (Hebrew, _mizbêach'_):** From the root meaning "to sacrifice," this term refers to a raised structure for offerings. In this specific context, it denotes the "golden altar" (H2091, _zâhâb_), also known as the Altar of Incense. Unlike the bronze altar of burnt offering in the outer court, this altar was located in the Holy Place, made of acacia wood overlaid with pure gold, and was exclusively for the burning of sacred incense, symbolizing ascending prayers and worship rather than animal sacrifice.
* **Anointing (Hebrew, _mishchâh'_):** Derived from the verb "to anoint," this word refers to the act of unction or the consecrated substance itself. Here, it specifically denotes the holy anointing oil (H8081, _shemen_), a specially compounded oil whose recipe was divinely given in [Exodus 30:22-33](/exodus/30-22-33 "Exodus 30:22-33 - The Holy Anointing Oil"). Its purpose was to consecrate and set apart the Tabernacle, its furnishings, and the priests for sacred service, signifying divine appointment and endowment for holy purpose.
* **Incense (Hebrew, _qᵉṭôreth'_):** This term refers to a fumigation or aromatic offering. In this verse, it is qualified as "sweet incense" (H5561, _çam_), signifying the specially prepared aromatic blend prescribed in [Exodus 30:34-38](/exodus/30-34-38 "Exodus 30:34-38 - The Holy Incense"). This sacred incense was burned daily on the golden altar, its rising smoke serving as a perpetual act of worship and a powerful symbol of the prayers of the saints ascending to God, pleasing to the Lord.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And the golden altar":** This phrase identifies the Altar of Incense, a central piece of furniture in the Holy Place. Its construction from gold-overlaid acacia wood signifies its purity and value in the worship of God, distinct from the bronze altar of sacrifice.
* **"and the anointing oil":** This refers to the sacred oil used for the consecration and sanctification of the Tabernacle, its vessels, and the priests. Its inclusion here confirms its readiness for the solemn act of setting apart these elements for divine service.
* **"and the sweet incense":** This specifies the holy aromatic compound prepared for burning on the golden altar. Its presence indicates that the means for daily worship and the symbolic offering of prayer were fully prepared.
* **"and the hanging for the tabernacle door":** This denotes the colorful, embroidered curtain (H4539, _mâçâk_) that served as the entrance to the Holy Place, the main tent (H168, _ʼôhel_) of the Tabernacle. Its completion signifies the establishment of a defined and sacred entryway into God's dwelling, controlling access and visually marking the boundary between the profane and the holy.

#### Literary Devices
Exodus 39:38 primarily employs **Inventory/List** as a literary device. This verse, along with others in the chapter, functions as a detailed accounting of the completed Tabernacle components. This meticulous listing underscores the thoroughness with which the divine instructions were followed, leaving no room for omission or error. Furthermore, **Symbolism** is inherent in each item mentioned. The "golden altar" symbolizes prayer and worship; the "anointing oil" symbolizes consecration and the setting apart for holy service; the "sweet incense" symbolizes the ascending prayers of the saints; and the "hanging for the tabernacle door" symbolizes the necessary, divinely ordained access point into God's presence. The broader context of [Exodus 39](/exodus/39 "Exodus 39 - Completion of the Tabernacle") also features **Repetition**, particularly the phrase "as the LORD commanded Moses," which serves to emphasize the unwavering obedience of the craftsmen and the divine authority behind every detail of the Tabernacle's construction.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Exodus 39:38, as part of the Tabernacle's completion, profoundly emphasizes God's holiness, His desire for intimate communion with His people, and the divinely appointed means by which sinful humanity could approach a holy God. Each item listed—the altar of incense, anointing oil, sacred incense, and the entrance curtain—was not merely functional but deeply symbolic, pointing to the necessity of prayer, consecration, and a divinely ordained pathway for worship. These elements underscored the meticulousness required in approaching God, reflecting His perfect nature and the serious nature of sin. They served as tangible reminders that access to God was not casual but predicated on His gracious provision and Israel's obedient adherence to His commands, foreshadowing the ultimate and perfect access provided through Christ.

* [Revelation 8:3-4](/revelation/8-3-4 "Revelation 8:3-4 - Incense and Prayers of the Saints")
* [Hebrews 9:1-5](/hebrews/9-1-5 "Hebrews 9:1-5 - The Earthly Sanctuary and its Services")
* [1 Peter 2:9](/1_peter/2-9 "1 Peter 2:9 - A Royal Priesthood, A Holy Nation")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The meticulous detail in Exodus 39:38 and the entire Tabernacle account serves as a profound reminder of God's character: He is a God of order, holiness, and intentionality. For believers today, this passage calls us to a similar intentionality and reverence in our spiritual lives. Just as the golden altar was dedicated to prayer, we are encouraged to cultivate a vibrant and consistent prayer life, recognizing it as our spiritual incense ascending to God. The anointing oil, symbolizing consecration, reminds us that as believers, we are set apart by the Holy Spirit for God's purposes, called to live lives of holiness and devotion. The "hanging for the tabernacle door" reminds us that access to God is not arbitrary but through the divinely appointed way. Our worship, our service, and our daily walk should reflect the same care and obedience that characterized the construction of the Tabernacle, honoring God in every detail of our lives.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the meticulous detail in the Tabernacle's construction, as highlighted in this verse, inform your understanding of God's character and His expectations for our worship?**
* **In what ways do the "golden altar" (symbolizing prayer) and the "anointing oil" (symbolizing consecration) find expression in your daily spiritual disciplines and commitment to God?**
* **What does the "hanging for the tabernacle door" symbolize about access to God, and how has that access been transformed for believers in Christ?**

### FAQ
**What was the purpose of the golden altar mentioned in this verse?**

Answer: The "golden altar" refers to the Altar of Incense, which stood in the Holy Place of the Tabernacle, directly before the veil to the Most Holy Place. Its primary purpose, as detailed in [Exodus 30:1-10](/exodus/30-1-10 "Exodus 30:1-10 - The Altar of Incense"), was for the daily burning of the specially prepared "sweet incense." This act symbolized the prayers of God's people ascending to Him, as echoed in [Revelation 8:3-4](/revelation/8-3-4 "Revelation 8:3-4 - Incense and Prayers of the Saints") where incense represents the prayers of the saints.

**Why was the anointing oil so important for the Tabernacle and its elements?**

Answer: The anointing oil was of immense importance because it served to consecrate and sanctify the Tabernacle, all its furnishings, and the priests themselves, setting them apart for holy service to God. Its composition was unique and divinely prescribed (see [Exodus 30:22-33](/exodus/30-22-33 "Exodus 30:22-33 - The Holy Anointing Oil")), emphasizing the absolute holiness and divine appointment of those things and individuals dedicated to the Lord. It marked them as sacred, distinct from anything common or profane.

**What was the significance of the "hanging for the tabernacle door"?**

Answer: The "hanging for the tabernacle door" was the colorful, embroidered curtain that served as the entrance to the Holy Place of the Tabernacle. Described in [Exodus 26:36-37](/exodus/26-36-37 "Exodus 26:36-37 - The Screen for the Tent Door"), it provided a clear visual boundary and controlled access to the sacred space. Its significance lay in signifying that while God desired to dwell among His people, there was a sacred order and distinction in approaching His holy presence. It was the divinely appointed threshold that one had to pass through to enter the area where the priests ministered.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Exodus 39:38, with its inventory of sacred Tabernacle items, finds its ultimate and profound fulfillment in Jesus Christ. The "golden altar" and "sweet incense," symbolizing the prayers of God's people, are fulfilled in Christ, our great High Priest, who ever lives to make intercession for us ([Hebrews 7:25](/hebrews/7-25 "Hebrews 7:25 - Christ's Eternal Priesthood")). Our prayers now ascend to God through Him, made acceptable by His perfect sacrifice. The "anointing oil," which consecrated and set apart for holy service, points directly to Christ as the Anointed One (Messiah), who was uniquely set apart by God and empowered by the Holy Spirit for His redemptive mission ([Acts 10:38](/acts/10-38 "Acts 10:38 - Jesus Anointed by God")). Moreover, through Christ, believers receive the anointing of the Holy Spirit, setting us apart as God's holy people ([1 John 2:20](/1_john/2-20 "1 John 2:20 - The Anointing from the Holy One")). Finally, the "hanging for the tabernacle door," which regulated access to God's presence, is superseded by Christ Himself. He declared, "I am the door; if anyone enters through Me, he will be saved" ([John 10:9](/john/10-9 "John 10:9 - Jesus, the Door")). His crucifixion, which symbolically tore the temple veil from top to bottom ([Matthew 27:51](/matthew/27-51 "Matthew 27:51 - The Temple Veil Torn")), signifies that through His body, broken for us, we now have direct, unhindered access to the Father in the Most Holy Place ([Hebrews 10:19-20](/hebrews/10-19-20 "Hebrews 10:19-20 - Access to God Through Christ's Blood")). Thus, every item in Exodus 39:38 ultimately directs our gaze to Christ, the true Tabernacle, in whom God dwells among us ([John 1:14](/john/1-14 "John 1:14 - The Word Became Flesh")), and through whom all the typological shadows find their glorious reality.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Exodus 30:7

And Aaron shall burn thereon sweet incense every morning: when he dresseth the lamps, he shall burn incense upon it.

Exodus 30:3

And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and thou shalt make unto it a crown of gold round about.

Exodus 35:8

And oil for the light, and spices for anointing oil, and for the sweet incense,

Exodus 31:11

And the anointing oil, and sweet incense for the holy [place]: according to all that I have commanded thee shall they do.

2 Chronicles 2:4

Behold, I build an house to the name of the LORD my God, to dedicate [it] to him, [and] to burn before him sweet incense, and for the continual shewbread, and for the burnt offerings morning and evening, on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the solemn feasts of the LORD our God. This [is an ordinance] for ever to Israel.

Exodus 25:6

Oil for the light, spices for anointing oil, and for sweet incense,

Exodus 37:29

And he made the holy anointing oil, and the pure incense of sweet spices, according to the work of the apothecary.