What number verse is Exodus 39:16 in the Bible?

Exodus 39:16 is the 2,681st verse of the Bible. Counting straight through the King James canon — all 31,102 verses from Genesis 1:1 to Revelation 22:21 — Exodus 39:16 sits at position 2,681.

39:1539:15

Exodus 39:16

Q: What are "ouches" in the context of the high priest's breastplate?

In Exodus 39:16, "ouches" (from the Hebrew mishbetsot) refer to intricate gold settings or frames. These were not just simple rings but likely elaborate, woven, or interlaced gold mountings designed to securely hold other components or to serve as decorative points of attachment. For the breastplate, these ouches were crucial for connecting the breastplate to the ephod via gold chains, ensuring the entire sacred garment was properly assembled and worn by the high priest. They highlight the detailed and artistic craftsmanship involved in the Tabernacle's construction, as described throughout Exodus 39.

39:1739:17

Translation

King James Version

And they made two ouches of gold, and two gold rings; and put the two rings in the two ends of the breastplate.

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KJV (with Strong's)

And they made ^H6213 two ^H8147 ouches ^H4865 of gold ^H2091, and two ^H8147 gold ^H2091 rings ^H2885; and put ^H5414 the two ^H8147 rings ^H2885 in the two ^H8147 ends ^H7098 of the breastplate ^H2833.

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Complete Jewish Bible

Also for the breastplate they made two settings of gold and two gold rings, and they put the two rings at the two ends of the breastplate.

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Berean Standard Bible

They also made two gold filigree settings and two gold rings, and fastened the two rings to the two corners of the breastpiece.

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American Standard Version

And they made two settings of gold, and two gold rings, and put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate.

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World English Bible Messianic

They made two settings of gold, and two gold rings, and put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate.

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Geneva Bible (1599)

They made also two bosses of golde, and two golde rings, and put the two rings in the two corners of the brest plate.

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Young's Literal Translation

and they make two embroidered things of gold, and two rings of gold, and put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate,

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Study This Verse

SUMMARY

Exodus 39:16 provides a precise account of the fabrication and placement of gold ouches and rings, critical components for securely attaching the high priest's breastplate. This verse, part of the detailed record of the Tabernacle's construction, underscores the divine mandate for meticulous craftsmanship and faithful adherence to God's intricate instructions, ensuring the proper function and symbolic integrity of the sacred priestly garments.

CONTEXT

Literary Context: Exodus 39:16 is situated within the latter portion of the book of Exodus, specifically Exodus 39, which serves as the fulfillment narrative for the divine commands given earlier regarding the Tabernacle and its sacred articles. This chapter meticulously details the actual construction of the high priest's garments, following the precise blueprint laid out in Exodus 28. The preceding verses in Exodus 39 describe the making of the ephod and the breastplate itself, while verse 16 focuses on the specific elements—the ouches and rings—that would enable the breastplate to be securely fastened to the ephod. This sequential, detailed reporting emphasizes the artisans' faithful execution of every divine instruction, reinforcing the theme of obedience that permeates the Tabernacle narrative.
Historical & Cultural Context: The events of Exodus 39 unfold in the wilderness, shortly after the Israelites' liberation from Egyptian bondage and the covenant establishment at Mount Sinai. This period was foundational for Israel's identity as a nation set apart by God, with the Tabernacle serving as the tangible representation of God's presence among His people. The use of precious materials like gold, fine linen, and skillfully crafted jewels for the priestly garments, as detailed in Exodus 28:6-21, reflected the supreme sacredness of God's dwelling place and the ministry performed within it. In the ancient Near East, elaborate priestly attire was common, but Israel's garments were uniquely designed by divine command, setting them apart and emphasizing Yahweh's distinct holiness and His specific requirements for worship. The meticulous adherence to these specifications, as seen in Exodus 39, was an act of profound obedience and worship, demonstrating Israel's commitment to the covenant and their understanding that God's presence demanded perfection in all aspects of service.
Key Themes: Exodus 39:16 contributes to several overarching themes within the book of Exodus and the Pentateuch. Firstly, it highlights the theme of Divine Mandate and Human Obedience. The repeated phrase "as the LORD commanded Moses" throughout Exodus 39 underscores the artisans' faithful execution of God's precise instructions, demonstrating that true worship involves meticulous adherence to divine revelation. Secondly, the verse emphasizes the Sacredness and Value of God's Presence. The use of gold and intricate craftsmanship for even seemingly minor components like ouches and rings signifies the immense worth and holiness attributed to the Tabernacle and its associated ministry. This aligns with the broader theme of God's desire to dwell among His people, but on His own terms, as seen from Exodus 25:8 onward. Finally, the verse subtly points to the Mediatorial Role of the Priesthood. The secure attachment of the breastplate, which bore the names of the tribes, was essential for the high priest to effectively represent Israel before God, a symbolic act that is central to the priestly function described in Exodus 28.

EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

Key Word Analysis

Ouches (Hebrew, מִשְׁבְּצָה, mishbᵉtsâh', H4865): From an unused root meaning "to brocade," this term refers to a setting or mounting, specifically a reticulated (net-like or interwoven) setting for a gem. In this context, these were intricate gold frames or sockets designed to hold or connect other components. The use of "ouches" suggests a high level of artistic craftsmanship, indicating that these were not simple loops but elaborate, decorative, and functional mountings that would secure the breastplate to the ephod.
Rings (Hebrew, טַבַּעַת, ṭabbaʻath', H2885): Derived from a root meaning "to sink," this word primarily denotes a seal or signet (as sunk into wax), and by extension, any kind of ring. In Exodus 39:16, these gold rings were specific attachment points, designed to interlock with the gold chains that would connect the breastplate to the ephod. Their function was purely practical—to provide a secure and stable connection, ensuring the breastplate remained firmly in place during the high priest's movements.
Breastplate (Hebrew, חֹשֶׁן, chôshen', H2833): This term refers specifically to the high priest's gorget or breastplate. It is derived from a root likely meaning "to contain" or "to sparkle," possibly alluding to its function as a pouch holding the Urim and Thummim, or its rich adornment with precious gems. The choshen was a pivotal piece of the high priest's vestments, bearing twelve engraved stones representing the tribes of Israel, and its secure attachment was vital for its symbolic and practical significance in the high priest's mediatorial role.

Verse Breakdown

"And they made two ouches [of] gold": This clause describes the initial act of creation by the divinely gifted artisans, Bezalel, Aholiab, and their assistants. The "ouches" were not merely functional but were crafted from pure gold, signifying their sacred purpose and the preciousness of the materials dedicated to God's service. The number "two" indicates a symmetrical design, likely for the upper corners of the breastplate.
"and two gold rings;": Following the ouches, an additional two gold rings were fashioned. These rings, also made of gold, were distinct components but worked in conjunction with the ouches. Their purpose was to serve as direct attachment points for the gold chains that would ultimately secure the breastplate to the ephod, ensuring its stability during the high priest's ministry.
"and put the two rings in the two ends of the breastplate.": This final action specifies the precise placement of the newly created gold rings. They were affixed to the "ends" of the breastplate, referring to its upper corners. This strategic placement was crucial for the breastplate to be properly suspended from the ephod's shoulder pieces, allowing it to rest securely over the high priest's heart, symbolizing his bearing of the tribes of Israel before the Lord.

Literary Devices

Exodus 39:16, though a technical description, subtly employs several literary devices to convey its significance. Precision is paramount, evident in the exact enumeration ("two ouches," "two gold rings") and specific placement ("in the two ends of the breastplate"). This meticulous detail underscores the divine demand for absolute accuracy and excellence in the Tabernacle's construction, reflecting God's orderly nature. The Repetition of the word "gold" throughout the verse and the broader narrative highlights the preciousness and sacredness of the materials, reinforcing the idea that only the finest was suitable for God's dwelling and service. Furthermore, there is an underlying Symbolism at play. The gold itself symbolizes purity, divinity, and enduring value, while the breastplate, secured by these components, symbolizes the high priest bearing the twelve tribes of Israel before God, a representation of God's people held close to the mediating heart of their representative. The intricate details, even down to the rings and settings, contribute to the overall Holistic Design of the sacred space, where every minute part serves a larger theological purpose, pointing to the perfection required in approaching a holy God.

THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS

Exodus 39:16, a seemingly minor detail in the grand scheme of the Tabernacle's construction, powerfully illustrates several profound theological themes. It speaks to God's demand for meticulous obedience and excellence in worship, demonstrating that every aspect of service to Him, no matter how minute, is significant. The divine blueprint for the Tabernacle and its furnishings was not merely a suggestion but a precise command, underscoring God's sovereignty and His right to dictate the terms of His encounter with humanity. The use of precious gold and intricate craftsmanship also highlights the sacredness and value God places on His dwelling place and the priestly ministry, reminding us that true worship involves offering our very best. The secure attachment of the breastplate, bearing the names of Israel, further emphasizes the high priest's role as a mediator, bearing the people before God, a theme that resonates deeply throughout redemptive history.

REFLECTION AND APPLICATION

Exodus 39:16, with its focus on the precise construction of the breastplate's attachments, offers a profound lesson on the nature of our service and devotion to God. It reminds us that God is a God of order, beauty, and meticulous detail, and He expects no less than our best in all things, especially in matters pertaining to Him. Just as the smallest gold ring was essential for the proper functioning and symbolism of the high priest's garments, so too are the seemingly insignificant details of our lives and ministries important in God's eyes. Our faithfulness in the small things often reflects the depth of our reverence and obedience. This verse challenges us to consider whether our worship, our work, and our daily lives are characterized by the same level of care, precision, and dedication that God commanded for the Tabernacle. It calls us to move beyond mere functionality to embrace excellence, understanding that every act of service, no matter how small, contributes to the larger tapestry of God's redemptive plan and reflects His glory.

Questions for Reflection

In what areas of my life or service do I tend to overlook "small" details, and how might this verse challenge me to approach them with greater precision and excellence?
How does the meticulous craftsmanship described in Exodus 39:16 inform my understanding of God's character and His expectations for His people?
Considering the symbolism of the breastplate, how can I, like the high priest, more intentionally "bear" others before God in prayer and intercession?

FAQ

What are "ouches" in the context of the high priest's breastplate?

Answer: In Exodus 39:16, "ouches" (from the Hebrew mishbetsot) refer to intricate gold settings or frames. These were not just simple rings but likely elaborate, woven, or interlaced gold mountings designed to securely hold other components or to serve as decorative points of attachment. For the breastplate, these ouches were crucial for connecting the breastplate to the ephod via gold chains, ensuring the entire sacred garment was properly assembled and worn by the high priest. They highlight the detailed and artistic craftsmanship involved in the Tabernacle's construction, as described throughout Exodus 39.

Why was such precise detail necessary for the Tabernacle and priestly garments?

Answer: The precise details for the Tabernacle and priestly garments, including the specific instructions for the ouches and rings in Exodus 39:16, were necessary for several reasons. Firstly, they underscored God's absolute holiness and sovereignty, dictating that His dwelling place and the means of approaching Him must conform exactly to His divine will. Secondly, the precision ensured the functional integrity of these sacred objects, which carried profound symbolic meaning. For instance, the breastplate, bearing the names of the tribes, needed to be securely worn as the high priest mediated for Israel. Thirdly, the meticulous instructions tested and demonstrated Israel's obedience and reverence for God, teaching them the importance of faithful adherence to His commands, as seen in the repeated phrase "as the LORD commanded Moses" throughout Exodus 39.

CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT

Exodus 39:16, with its focus on the meticulous construction and secure attachment of the high priest's breastplate, finds its ultimate and perfect fulfillment in Jesus Christ. The breastplate, bearing the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, symbolized the high priest carrying God's people on his heart before the Lord, interceding on their behalf. This foreshadows Jesus, our Great High Priest, who not only bears His people on His heart but perfectly represents them before God. Unlike the Levitical priests, who ministered in an earthly tabernacle and offered repeated sacrifices (as discussed in Hebrews 9:1-10), Christ entered the true, heavenly sanctuary once for all, offering Himself as the perfect and final sacrifice for sins (Hebrews 9:11-14). The secure attachment of the breastplate, ensuring it would not be dislodged, speaks to the unwavering efficacy of Christ's mediatorial work. He is eternally able to save those who come to God through Him, because He always lives to intercede for them (Hebrews 7:25). Every intricate detail of the Tabernacle, including the ouches and rings of the breastplate, pointed to the flawless and comprehensive work of Christ, who perfectly fulfills every requirement of God's holiness and brings His people into an unbreakable covenant relationship with the Father, ensuring their secure standing before God.

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Commentary on Exodus 39 verses 1–31

1 ¶ And of the blue, and purple, and scarlet, they made cloths of service, to do service in the holy place, and made the holy garments for Aaron; as the LORD commanded Moses.

2 And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.

3 And they did beat the gold into thin plates, and cut it into wires, to work it in the blue, and in the purple, and in the scarlet, and in the fine linen, with cunning work.

4 They made shoulderpieces for it, to couple it together: by the two edges was it coupled together.

5 And the curious girdle of his ephod, that was upon it, was of the same, according to the work thereof; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen; as the LORD commanded Moses.

6 And they wrought onyx stones inclosed in ouches of gold, graven, as signets are graven, with the names of the children of Israel.

7 And he put them on the shoulders of the ephod, that they should be stones for a memorial to the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses.

8 And he made the breastplate of cunning work, like the work of the ephod; of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.

9 It was foursquare; they made the breastplate double: a span was the length thereof, and a span the breadth thereof, being doubled.

10 And they set in it four rows of stones: the first row was a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this was the first row.

11 And the second row, an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.

12 And the third row, a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.

13 And the fourth row, a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper: they were inclosed in ouches of gold in their inclosings.

14 And the stones were according to the names of the children of Israel, twelve, according to their names, like the engravings of a signet, every one with his name, according to the twelve tribes.

15 And they made upon the breastplate chains at the ends, of wreathen work of pure gold.

16 And they made two ouches of gold, and two gold rings; and put the two rings in the two ends of the breastplate.

17 And they put the two wreathen chains of gold in the two rings on the ends of the breastplate.

18 And the two ends of the two wreathen chains they fastened in the two ouches, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod, before it.

19 And they made two rings of gold, and put them on the two ends of the breastplate, upon the border of it, which was on the side of the ephod inward.

20 And they made two other golden rings, and put them on the two sides of the ephod underneath, toward the forepart of it, over against the other coupling thereof, above the curious girdle of the ephod.

21 And they did bind the breastplate by his rings unto the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it might be above the curious girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate might not be loosed from the ephod; as the LORD commanded Moses.

22 And he made the robe of the ephod of woven work, all of blue.

23 And there was an hole in the midst of the robe, as the hole of an habergeon, with a band round about the hole, that it should not rend.

24 And they made upon the hems of the robe pomegranates of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and twined linen.

25 And they made bells of pure gold, and put the bells between the pomegranates upon the hem of the robe, round about between the pomegranates;

26 A bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate, round about the hem of the robe to minister in; as the LORD commanded Moses.

27 And they made coats of fine linen of woven work for Aaron, and for his sons,

28 And a mitre of fine linen, and goodly bonnets of fine linen, and linen breeches of fine twined linen,

29 And a girdle of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, of needlework; as the LORD commanded Moses.

30 And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote upon it a writing, like to the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO THE LORD.

31 And they tied unto it a lace of blue, to fasten it on high upon the mitre; as the LORD commanded Moses.

In this account of the making of the priests' garments, according to the instructions given (ch. 28), we may observe, 1. That the priests' garments are called here clothes of service, Exo 39:1. Note, Those that wear robes of honour must look upon them as clothes of service; for from those upon whom honour is put service is expected. It is said of those that are arrayed in white robes that they are before the throne of God, and serve him day and night in his temple, Rev 7:13, Rev 7:15. Holy garments were not made for men to sleep in, or to strut in, but to do service in; and then they are indeed for glory and beauty. The Son of man himself came not to be ministered unto, but to minister. 2. That all the six paragraphs here, which give a distinct account of the making of these holy garments, conclude with those words, as the Lord commanded Moses, Exo 39:5, Exo 39:7, Exo 39:21, Exo 39:26, Exo 39:29, Exo 39:31. The like is not in any of the foregoing accounts, as if in these, more than any other of the appurtenances of the tabernacle, they had a particular regard to the divine appointment, both for warrant and for direction. It is an intimation to all the Lord's ministers to make the word of God their rule in all their ministrations, and to act in observance of and obedience to the command of God. 3. That these garments, in conformity to the rest of the furniture of the tabernacle, were very rich and splendid; the church in its infancy was thus taught, thus pleased, with the rudiments of this world; but now under the gospel, which is the ministration of the Spirit, to affect and impose such pompous habits as the church of Rome does, under pretence of decency and instruction, is to betray the liberty wherewith Christ has made us free, and to entangle the church again in the bondage of those carnal ordinances which were imposed only till the time of reformation. 4. That they were all shadows of good things to come, but the substance is Christ, and the grace of the gospel; when therefore the substance has come, it is a jest to be fond of the shadow. (1.) Christ is our great high-priest; when he undertook the work of our redemption, he put on the clothes of service - he arrayed himself with the gifts and graces of the Spirit, which he received not by measure - girded himself with the curious girdle of resolution, to go through with his undertaking - charged himself with the curious girdle of resolution, to go through with his undertaking - charged himself with all God's spiritual Israel, bore them on his shoulders, carried them in his bosom, laid them near his heart, engraved them on the palms of his hands, and presented them in the breast-plate of judgment unto his Father. And (lastly) he crowned himself with holiness to the Lord, consecrating his whole undertaking to the honour of his Father's holiness: now consider how great this man is. (2.) True believers are spiritual priests. The clean linen with which all their clothes of service must be made is the righteousness of saints (Rev 19:8), and Holiness to the Lord must be so written upon their foreheads that all who converse with them may see, and say, that they bear the image of God's holiness, and are devoted to the praise of it.

Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 1–31. Public domain.

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Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.

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