Exodus 39:17

KJV

And they put the two wreathen chains of gold in the two rings on the ends of the breastplate.

KJV (with Strong's)

And they put {H5414} the two {H8147} wreathen chains {H5688} of gold {H2091} in the two {H8147} rings {H2885} on the ends {H7098} of the breastplate {H2833}.

Complete Jewish Bible

They put the two twisted gold chains in the two rings at the ends of the breastplate

Berean Standard Bible

Then they fastened the two gold chains to the two gold rings at the corners of the breastpiece,

American Standard Version

And they put the two wreathen chains of gold in the two rings at the ends of the breastplate.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Exodus 39:17 precisely details the attachment of two intricately braided, pure gold chains to the rings located at the upper corners of the high priestly breastplate. This verse underscores the meticulous execution of God's divine instructions for the Tabernacle and its sacred furnishings, emphasizing the intrinsic value, ceremonial purity, and functional integrity required for all elements used in the worship of a holy God. It serves as a powerful testament to the craftsmen's unwavering faithfulness in replicating the heavenly pattern revealed to Moses, ensuring the breastplate, which symbolized Israel's constant presence and representation before God, was securely fastened for the high priest's sacred ministry.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Exodus 39 is situated within the latter portion of the book, specifically chapters 35-40, which meticulously recount the actual construction and erection of the Tabernacle and its sacred objects, including the priestly garments. This chapter focuses particularly on the making of the ephod and the breastplate, demonstrating an exact adherence to the divine blueprint previously detailed in [Exodus 28](/exodus/28 "Exodus 28 - Instructions for Priestly Garments"). Verse 17, therefore, functions as a fulfillment statement, describing a precise step in the assembly of the breastplate, which was designed to be worn over the ephod. It directly echoes the initial command for these specific chains found in [Exodus 28:22-25](/exodus/28-22-25 "Exodus 28:22-25 - Instructions for the Breastplate Chains"), illustrating the Israelites' faithful obedience to every divine instruction, no matter how minute, in the construction of God's dwelling place. The surrounding verses elaborate on the completion of the breastplate itself, including its settings for the twelve tribal stones, and its overall integration into the high priest's complete attire.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The construction of the Tabernacle and its elaborate priestly garments took place during Israel's formative period of wilderness wanderings, a crucial time for the establishment of their national and religious identity. God's comprehensive commands for the Tabernacle, detailed from [Exodus 25](/exodus/25 "Exodus 25 - Instructions for the Tabernacle") onwards, established a portable sanctuary where He would uniquely dwell among His chosen people. The high priest, chosen from the tribe of Levi, served as the singular mediator between God and the nation of Israel. His garments were far more than mere ceremonial attire; they were imbued with profound theological significance, symbolizing holiness, the weight of representation, and the gravity of his sacred office. The prescribed use of pure gold, intricate craftsmanship, and precious stones reflected the immense value and sacredness attributed to God's presence and the act of worship in ancient Near Eastern cultures, where temples and their associated rituals were foundational to societal and religious life. The meticulous nature of these divine instructions emphasized God's unwavering demand for perfection, order, and purity in approaching His holy presence, thereby distinctly setting Israel apart from the surrounding pagan practices.
* **Key Themes:** This verse, though a detail, contributes significantly to several overarching themes within Exodus and the Pentateuch. Firstly, it highlights the theme of **Divine Revelation and Obedience**, as the precise construction of the Tabernacle and its components, including the breastplate and its chains, directly reflects God's detailed instructions given to Moses on Mount Sinai (e.g., [Exodus 25:9](/exodus/25-9 "Exodus 25:9 - Pattern for the Tabernacle")). The Israelites' faithful execution of these commands underscores the importance of obedience to God's revealed will. Secondly, it reinforces the theme of **Holiness and Purity**, emphasized by the use of pure gold and the meticulous craftsmanship, reflecting God's own holy character and the purity required for those who approach Him. Thirdly, the breastplate itself, secured by these chains, is central to the theme of **Mediation and Representation**, as the high priest carried the names of the twelve tribes before the Lord ([Exodus 28:29](/exodus/28-29 "Exodus 28:29 - Aaron to Bear the Names of Israel")). This act symbolized God's constant remembrance of His covenant people through their appointed mediator. Finally, the entire Tabernacle project, including these garments, points to the theme of **God's Dwelling Among His People**, establishing a tangible space for His presence and worship, which ultimately finds its fulfillment in Christ and the Church.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **wreathen chains (Hebrew, _ʻăbôth'_ H5688):** This term refers to something intricately twisted, braided, or interwoven, specifically a string, wreath, or chain. Its use here emphasizes the highly skilled craftsmanship involved in creating these gold chains. It implies not merely a simple chain, but one formed by meticulously twisting strands of pure gold together, signifying both exceptional beauty and inherent strength. This level of detail highlights the divine demand for excellence and the preciousness of the materials used in God's sacred service.
* **gold (Hebrew, _zâhâb'_ H2091):** Derived from a root meaning "to shimmer," this word denotes gold, or figuratively, something gold-colored. In the context of the Tabernacle and priestly garments, gold consistently symbolizes purity, divinity, and immense value. Its incorruptible nature also speaks to permanence and the enduring holiness of God and His dwelling place. The use of pure gold for these chains underscores the sacredness and preciousness of every component related to the high priest's ministry.
* **breastplate (Hebrew, _chôshen'_ H2833):** From an unused root likely meaning "to contain" or "to sparkle," this term refers specifically to the gorget or breastplate worn by the high priest. It was not merely an ornamental piece but was uniquely called the "breastplate of judgment" ([Exodus 28:15](/exodus/28-15 "Exodus 28:15 - The Breastplate of Judgment")). It held twelve precious stones, each engraved with the name of one of the tribes of Israel, signifying the high priest's solemn role in carrying the people before God in judgment and intercession. The wreathen gold chains were essential for its proper and secure positioning over the high priest's heart.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And they put the two wreathen chains of gold":** This clause identifies the agents of action as the skilled artisans, specifically Bezalel and Oholiab, who were divinely gifted and appointed for the task of constructing the Tabernacle and its furnishings ([Exodus 31:1-6](/exodus/31-1-6 "Exodus 31:1-6 - Bezalel and Oholiab Appointed by God")). The "two wreathen chains of gold" were crafted with exceptional skill, reflecting the purity, preciousness, and intricate design commanded by God. Their twisted, braided nature ensured both strength and durability, vital for securely fastening such a significant piece of the high priest's attire.
* **"in the two rings":** These rings were specifically designed and securely attached to the upper corners of the breastplate itself ([Exodus 28:23](/exodus/28-23 "Exodus 28:23 - Rings for the Breastplate")). Their purpose was to provide a secure and functional anchor point for the wreathen gold chains, demonstrating the meticulous and integrated design of the entire priestly vestment. Every component, no matter how small, had a precise function, ensuring the breastplate's stability and proper orientation.
* **"on the ends of the breastplate":** This phrase precisely specifies the exact location of the rings and, consequently, the point of attachment for the chains—at the extremities or corners of the breastplate. These chains would then connect the breastplate to the ephod's shoulder pieces, ensuring that the breastplate, with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, remained securely positioned over the high priest's heart as he ministered before the Lord in the Tabernacle. This secure attachment underscored the constant, unwavering representation of Israel before God.

#### Literary Devices
The passage employs several literary devices to convey its profound theological meaning and structural significance. **Repetition** is a prominent feature throughout Exodus, particularly in the detailed recounting of the Tabernacle's construction after its initial instructions. This serves to emphasize the absolute importance of precise obedience to God's commands, highlighting His divine authority and the sacredness of His dwelling. **Symbolism** is pervasive; the pure **gold** itself symbolizes purity, divinity, and immense value, while the "wreathen chains" symbolize strength, intricate divine design, and the secure, unbreakable connection between the high priest and the people he represents. The breastplate, which these chains secured, is a powerful symbol of intercession and the high priest's role in carrying God's people before Him. Furthermore, the meticulous detail in this verse, focusing on a seemingly minor component like chains and rings, employs **synecdoche**, where a part (the chains) stands for the whole (the divinely ordained system of worship and priesthood), underscoring the profound idea that every detail, no matter how small, is significant and purposeful in God's grand, holy design.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Exodus 39:17, while detailing a specific construction step, is rich with profound theological significance. It speaks directly to God's absolute demand for precision, order, and holiness in worship, where every component of the Tabernacle and priestly garments was divinely designed and perfectly executed. This meticulousness reflects God's own character—orderly, holy, and sovereign, a God who is concerned with every detail of our approach to Him. The secure attachment of the breastplate, bearing the names of the tribes, to the high priest's heart signifies God's unwavering commitment to His covenant people, who were constantly before Him through their representative. It underscores the vital theme of intercession and the indispensable role of a mediator in bridging the gap between a holy God and sinful humanity, a concept that finds its ultimate, perfect fulfillment in Jesus Christ.

* [Exodus 28:29](/exodus/28-29 "Exodus 28:29 - Aaron to Bear the Names of Israel")
* [Leviticus 8:8](/leviticus/8-8 "Leviticus 8:8 - Moses Puts the Breastplate on Aaron")
* [Hebrews 7:25](/hebrews/7-25 "Hebrews 7:25 - Christ's Eternal Intercession")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The intricate details of Exodus 39:17 invite us to ponder the profound truth that God cares about every aspect of our lives and our worship. If He commanded such precision for an earthly sanctuary and its garments, how much more does He desire our wholehearted devotion, attention to truth, and integrity in our spiritual walk? This verse reminds us that our connection to God, though now direct and personal through Christ, is still meant to be secure, intentional, and firmly anchored, not haphazard or casual. Just as the wreathen gold chains ensured the breastplate remained firmly in place over the high priest's heart, our faith should be securely fastened to the unshakeable truth of God's Word and the finished work of Christ. It challenges us to consider the "small details" of our obedience, our spiritual disciplines, and our daily interactions, recognizing that faithfulness in seemingly little things often reflects the depth of our reverence for a God who is Himself meticulous, perfect, and purposeful in all His ways.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What does God's demand for such meticulous detail in the Tabernacle's construction reveal about His character and His expectations for our worship today?**
* **How does the secure attachment of the breastplate, with the names of Israel, to the high priest's heart encourage us regarding God's constant care and remembrance of His people?**
* **In what "small details" of your own life, relationships, or spiritual walk might God be calling you to greater precision, intentionality, or faithfulness?**

### FAQ
**Why were the chains made of pure gold, and what is the significance of "wreathen"?**

Answer: The chains were made of pure gold to signify the immense value, purity, and divine origin of the priestly garments and everything associated with God's presence. Gold, being a precious and incorruptible metal, consistently symbolized holiness, royalty, and the divine nature throughout the Old Testament. The term "wreathen" (Hebrew: _ʻăbôth'_) indicates that the gold was intricately twisted or braided. This was not merely for aesthetic appeal but also for strength and durability. It highlights the meticulous craftsmanship required by God's commands, ensuring that the breastplate, which bore the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, was securely and permanently attached to the high priest. This symbolized the enduring and precious connection between God and His people, underscoring that God's design is perfect in both form and function, as seen in the detailed instructions given in [Exodus 28](/exodus/28 "Exodus 28 - Instructions for Priestly Garments").

**What was the primary purpose of the breastplate, and how did these chains contribute to it?**

Answer: The primary purpose of the breastplate, often called the "breastplate of judgment," was to bear the names of the twelve tribes of Israel on twelve precious stones, placed over the high priest's heart as he ministered before the Lord ([Exodus 28:29](/exodus/28-29 "Exodus 28:29 - Aaron to Bear the Names of Israel")). This symbolized the high priest's crucial role as the representative and intercessor for all Israel before God. The wreathen gold chains described in [Exodus 39:17](/exodus/39-17 "Exodus 39:17 - The Wreathen Chains on the Breastplate") were absolutely crucial for its secure attachment. They connected the breastplate to the ephod's shoulder pieces, ensuring it remained firmly and perpetually in place over the priest's heart. Without these chains, the breastplate would not have been properly positioned, thereby hindering its symbolic function of constantly presenting the people before God. Thus, the chains were integral to the breastplate's ability to fulfill its divine purpose of intercession and representation.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Exodus 39:17, with its precise focus on the secure attachment of the breastplate to the high priest's garments, beautifully foreshadows the perfect and permanent redemptive work of Jesus Christ, our ultimate and eternal High Priest. Just as the wreathen gold chains ensured the breastplate, bearing the names of Israel, was held securely over Aaron's heart, so too does Christ, our great High Priest, bear His people on His heart, continually interceding for us before the Father. His priesthood is not temporary or dependent on physical garments or earthly rituals, but is eternal, unchangeable, and perfect ([Hebrews 7:24](/hebrews/7-24 "Hebrews 7:24 - Christ's Unchanging Priesthood")). The meticulous craftsmanship of the gold chains speaks to the divine perfection of Christ's once-for-all sacrifice and His ongoing heavenly ministry; every detail of His redemptive work is flawlessly executed and eternally complete. Through His perfect sacrifice, He has entered the true heavenly sanctuary, not with the blood of animals, but with His own blood, securing eternal redemption for us ([Hebrews 9:12](/hebrews/9-12 "Hebrews 9:12 - Christ's Entry into the Heavenly Sanctuary")). We, the spiritual Israel, are eternally held fast by Him, not by physical chains, but by the unbreakable bond of His covenant love and His perfect mediation, ensuring our constant, secure presence before the throne of grace, where we can draw near with confidence ([Hebrews 4:14-16](/hebrews/4-14-16 "Hebrews 4:14-16 - Christ Our High Priest and Access to Grace")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.