Exodus 28:14

KJV

And two chains [of] pure gold at the ends; [of] wreathen work shalt thou make them, and fasten the wreathen chains to the ouches.

KJV (with Strong's)

And two {H8147} chains {H8333} of pure {H2889} gold {H2091} at the ends {H4020}; of wreathen {H5688} work {H4639} shalt thou make {H6213} them, and fasten {H5414} the wreathen {H5688} chains {H8333} to the ouches {H4865}.

Complete Jewish Bible

and two chains of pure gold, twisted like cords; attach the cord-like chains to the squares.

Berean Standard Bible

and two chains of pure gold, made of braided cord work; and attach these chains to the settings.

American Standard Version

and two chains of pure gold; like cords shalt thou make them, of wreathen work: and thou shalt put the wreathen chains on the settings.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Exodus 28:14 provides meticulous instructions for crafting two chains of pure, wreathen gold, essential for securely fastening the breastplate to the ephod of the high priest's sacred garments. This detailed command underscores God's demand for divine order, meticulous craftsmanship, and sacred purity in all aspects of worship, symbolizing the secure and constant representation of the twelve tribes of Israel before the Lord through their appointed mediator.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Exodus 28:14 is situated within a larger block of divine instructions given to Moses on Mount Sinai, specifically concerning the design and construction of the Tabernacle and its associated priestly vestments. The chapter begins by setting the overarching purpose of these garments—"for glory and for beauty"—and then systematically details each component. Prior to this verse, God outlines the ephod, a central garment worn by the high priest, in [Exodus 28:6-14](/exodus/28-6-14 "Exodus 28:6-14 - Description of the Ephod and its Stones"). Immediately following verse 14, the focus shifts to the breastplate of judgment, which was to be attached to the ephod using the very chains described here ([Exodus 28:15](/exodus/28-15 "Exodus 28:15 - Construction of the Breastplate")). The intricate connection between the breastplate, bearing the names of the twelve tribes, and the ephod, through these golden chains, highlights the high priest's crucial role in perpetually bearing Israel before the Lord, a theme explicitly stated in [Exodus 28:29](/exodus/28-29 "Exodus 28:29 - Bearing the Names of Israel"). The entire chapter, indeed the entire section of [Exodus 25-31](/exodus/25-31 "Exodus 25-31 - Instructions for the Tabernacle and Priesthood"), emphasizes the divine origin and sacred nature of Israel's worship system.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** These instructions were given to the Israelites during their wilderness sojourn, a formative period for their identity as God's covenant people. In the ancient Near East, priestly attire often served to distinguish religious functionaries and convey their authority or connection to a deity. However, Israel's priestly garments were unique in their divinely revealed specificity and profound symbolic meaning, setting them apart from pagan practices. The use of "pure gold" was not merely for opulence; gold was a precious metal universally associated with royalty, divinity, and enduring value in the ancient world. Its pervasive presence in the Tabernacle's construction, as outlined in [Exodus 25](/exodus/25 "Exodus 25 - Instructions for the Tabernacle") and subsequent chapters, underscored the glory, holiness, and permanence of God's presence among His people. The meticulous detail in the divine blueprint reflects God's character as a God of order and holiness, demanding a precise and reverent approach from His people, particularly from those who would mediate between Him and Israel.

* **Key Themes:** Exodus 28:14 contributes significantly to several key themes woven throughout the book of Exodus and the Pentateuch. The most prominent is the theme of **Divine Presence and Holiness**, as every detail of the Tabernacle and its service is designed to facilitate God's holy presence among His people while maintaining the necessary separation due to human sinfulness. The "pure gold" symbolizes this holiness and the preciousness of the divine-human encounter. Another crucial theme is **Mediation and Representation**, embodied by the high priest. The chains, by securing the breastplate with the tribal names, visually represent the high priest's role in bearing the people before God's presence. This also ties into the theme of **Covenant Relationship**, as the Tabernacle and its rituals were central to maintaining the covenant established at Sinai. Finally, the emphasis on "wreathen work" and "ouches" highlights the theme of **Divine Design and Meticulousness**, demonstrating that God's plan is perfect in every detail, requiring precise execution from His servants.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Pure (Hebrew, _ṭâhôwr'_):** This adjective (H2889) signifies something unblemished, clean, or free from impurities, whether physically, ceremonially, or morally. In the context of the Tabernacle and priestly garments, "pure gold" denotes the highest quality and sacredness, underscoring the absolute holiness of God and the unblemished nature required for objects dedicated to His service. It points to the spiritual purity necessary for approaching a holy God.
* **Wreathen (Hebrew, _ʻăbôth'_):** This term (H5688) describes something that is intwined, twisted, or braided, like a cord, rope, or wreath. When applied to the gold chains, it indicates an intricate, highly skilled method of craftsmanship, producing a strong, durable, yet flexible chain. This detail emphasizes the divine demand for excellence, beauty, and structural integrity in the sacred items, reflecting the glory and perfection of God's design.
* **Ouches (Hebrew, _mishbᵉtsâh'_):** This noun (H4865) refers to a setting, socket, or brocade, often implying an ornate, reticulated framework designed to hold something securely, like a gem. In this verse, the ouches were the specific, likely decorative, gold receptacles on the ephod's shoulder pieces into which the wreathen chains were to be fastened. This detail highlights the precision and security required for the attachment, ensuring the stability and integrity of the breastplate upon the high priest's person.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And two chains [of] pure gold at the ends":** This initial clause specifies the quantity (two), material (pure gold), and general placement ("at the ends," referring to the points of attachment on the breastplate). The emphasis on "pure gold" immediately establishes the sacred and valuable nature of these components, signifying their dedication to God's holy service.
* **"[of] wreathen work shalt thou make them":** This phrase describes the intricate craftsmanship required for the chains. They were not to be simple, crudely linked chains, but meticulously twisted or braided ("wreathen work"). This divine instruction speaks to the high standard of skill and artistry demanded for the Tabernacle's furnishings, ensuring both aesthetic beauty and functional strength, befitting the glory of the Lord.
* **"and fasten the wreathen chains to the ouches":** This final instruction details the precise method of attachment. The "wreathen chains" were to be securely affixed to the "ouches," which were specialized settings or sockets on the ephod's shoulder pieces. This ensured that the breastplate, bearing the names of the tribes, would remain firmly and permanently connected to the high priest as he ministered, symbolizing the secure and constant representation of Israel before God.

#### Literary Devices
Exodus 28:14, though a technical instruction, is rich in **Symbolism**. The "pure gold" symbolizes divine purity, holiness, and the enduring, unchangeable nature of God's covenant with Israel. The "wreathen work" speaks to the **Precision** and intricate **Design** inherent in God's divine blueprint, emphasizing that every detail in His service is purposeful and important, reflecting His perfect order. The secure fastening of the chains to the "ouches" symbolizes the **Security** of the high priest's role in bearing the names of the people before God, and by extension, the unwavering, unbreakable bond between God and His chosen nation. This intricate connection represents the constant intercession and divine care offered on behalf of the people. Furthermore, the detailed description evokes vivid **Imagery**, allowing the reader to visualize the beauty and meticulousness of the sacred garments.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Exodus 28:14, a seemingly minor detail in the grand design of the priestly vestments, profoundly illustrates God's commitment to order, beauty, and purpose in His dealings with humanity. The meticulous instructions for the chains of pure, wreathen gold, securing the breastplate to the ephod, underscore the divine demand for excellence and purity in worship. Theologically, this highlights the high priest's vital role as a representative and intercessor, bearing the names of the twelve tribes before God—a task requiring divine authorization and impeccable execution. This secure connection symbolizes the unwavering divine attention to His people and the stability of their covenant relationship, emphasizing that God's people are always "on His heart" through their mediator.

* [Exodus 28:29](/exodus/28-29 "Exodus 28:29 - Bearing the Names of Israel on the Breastplate")
* [Hebrews 4:14](/hebrews/4-14 "Hebrews 4:14 - Jesus, Our Great High Priest")
* [1 Peter 2:9](/1_peter/2-9 "1 Peter 2:9 - A Royal Priesthood")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The intricate details of Exodus 28:14 invite us to ponder the character of God—a God who is not distant or vague, but intimately involved in the specifics of His creation and His relationship with humanity. His demand for "pure gold" and "wreathen work" for the high priest's garments speaks to the profound reverence and intentionality required in approaching Him. It reminds us that our worship and service should be offered with the highest quality, not out of legalism, but out of a deep appreciation for His glory and holiness. This passage challenges us to consider the "purity" and "wreathen work" of our own spiritual lives—are we offering God our best, crafted with care and integrity? Furthermore, the image of the high priest bearing the names of the tribes, securely fastened to his heart and shoulders, offers a powerful spiritual lesson: we are seen, remembered, and carried before God. This should inspire profound trust and confidence in God's meticulous care for His people, and encourage us to live lives that reflect the honor and purity befitting those who are called to be a "royal priesthood" in Christ.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does God's meticulousness in the Tabernacle design, particularly for the priestly garments, speak to His character and our approach to worship?**
* **What does the high priest's role of bearing the people's names on his heart and shoulders, secured by these golden chains, mean for us today in our relationship with God?**
* **In what ways can we, as believers, apply the principle of "pure gold" (purity of heart) and "wreathen work" (meticulous effort) to our own spiritual lives and service to God?**

### FAQ

**What is the significance of "pure gold" in this context?**

Answer: "Pure gold" signifies several important aspects within the Tabernacle's design. First, it denotes the highest quality and unblemished nature, reflecting the absolute holiness and perfection of God whom the high priest served. Second, gold throughout Scripture often symbolizes divinity, royalty, and enduring value, emphasizing the sacred and eternal nature of the high priest's office and the covenant God established with Israel. Its use underscored the glory and preciousness of God's presence in the Tabernacle, as seen in the instructions for the [ark of the covenant](/exodus/25-10 "Exodus 25:10 - Instructions for the Ark of the Covenant") and other sacred furnishings.

**What exactly were "ouches"?**

Answer: The "ouches" (Hebrew: _mishbᵉtsâh_) were specifically designed settings or sockets, likely ornate gold filigree work, into which the "wreathen chains" of the breastplate were securely fastened. They were integral components located on the ephod's shoulder pieces. Their primary purpose was to provide a stable and secure attachment point, ensuring that the breastplate, which bore the engraved names of the twelve tribes of Israel, remained firmly in place upon the high priest's shoulders and over his heart during his ministry before the Lord. This secure fastening underscored the permanence of Israel's representation before God.

**Why was such detailed instruction required for the priestly garments?**

Answer: The detailed instructions for the priestly garments, including the chains in [Exodus 28:14](/exodus/28-14 "Exodus 28:14 - Chains for the Breastplate"), underscore God's absolute holiness and His demand for precision and reverence in worship. Every element of the Tabernacle and its service was a visual aid and a symbolic representation of profound spiritual truths. The meticulousness ensured that the high priest, acting as Israel's mediator, approached God in a manner that honored His majesty and conveyed the seriousness of the covenant relationship. It also served as a teaching tool, impressing upon the Israelites the sacredness of God's presence and the importance of following His divine blueprint for life and worship, demonstrating that God cares about every detail of how His people approach Him.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Exodus 28:14, with its emphasis on the pure gold, wreathen chains securely fastening the breastplate (bearing the names of Israel) to the high priest's ephod, finds its ultimate and perfect fulfillment in Jesus Christ. The ancient high priest, though meticulously adorned and performing a vital role, was a flawed human who had to offer sacrifices for his own sins before he could intercede for the people ([Hebrews 7:27](/hebrews/7-27 "Hebrews 7:27 - Christ's Perfect Sacrifice")). Jesus, however, is our perfect and eternal High Priest, described in [Hebrews 4:14](/hebrews/4-14 "Hebrews 4:14 - Jesus Our Great High Priest") as one who has passed through the heavens. He needs no "pure gold" chains to secure His connection to us or His position before God, for He is divine and inherently pure, the very embodiment of holiness. The "wreathen work" of the chains, symbolizing intricate craftsmanship and secure attachment, points to the perfect and unbreakable bond Christ establishes between God and humanity through His finished work on the cross ([Colossians 1:20](/colossians/1-20 "Colossians 1:20 - Reconciliation Through Christ")). Just as the high priest bore the names of Israel on his heart and shoulders, Jesus perfectly bears His people, carrying their burdens ([Isaiah 53:4](/isaiah/53-4 "Isaiah 53:4 - Christ Bearing Our Sorrows")) and interceding for them eternally before the Father's throne ([Romans 8:34](/romans/8-34 "Romans 8:34 - Christ's Intercession")). The security of the breastplate's attachment foreshadows the absolute security believers have in Christ, whose sacrifice and ongoing intercession guarantee our eternal standing before a holy God ([Hebrews 7:25](/hebrews/7-25 "Hebrews 7:25 - Jesus' Eternal Intercession")). He is the one through whom we are perpetually and perfectly represented before God.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Kings 7:17

[And] nets of checker work, and wreaths of chain work, for the chapiters which [were] upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the other chapiter.

Exodus 39:15

And they made upon the breastplate chains at the ends, [of] wreathen work [of] pure gold.

Exodus 28:22

And thou shalt make upon the breastplate chains at the ends [of] wreathen work [of] pure gold.

Exodus 28:25

And [the other] two ends of the two wreathen [chains] thou shalt fasten in the two ouches, and put [them] on the shoulderpieces of the ephod before it.

2 Chronicles 4:12

[To wit], the two pillars, and the pommels, and the chapiters [which were] on the top of the two pillars, and the two wreaths to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which [were] on the top of the pillars;

2 Chronicles 4:13

And four hundred pomegranates on the two wreaths; two rows of pomegranates on each wreath, to cover the two pommels of the chapiters which [were] upon the pillars.

Exodus 39:17

And they put the two wreathen chains of gold in the two rings on the ends of the breastplate.