Exodus 11:3

KJV

And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses [was] very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh's servants, and in the sight of the people.

KJV (with Strong's)

And the LORD {H3068} gave {H5414} the people {H5971} favour {H2580} in the sight {H5869} of the Egyptians {H4714}. Moreover the man {H376} Moses {H4872} was very {H3966} great {H1419} in the land {H776} of Egypt {H4714}, in the sight {H5869} of Pharaoh's {H6547} servants {H5650}, and in the sight {H5869} of the people {H5971}.

Complete Jewish Bible

ADONAI made the Egyptians favorably disposed toward the people. Moreover, Moshe was regarded by Pharaoh's servants and the people as a very great man in the land of Egypt.

Berean Standard Bible

And the LORD gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover, Moses himself was highly regarded in Egypt by Pharaoh’s officials and by the people.

American Standard Version

And Jehovah gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh’s servants, and in the sight of the people.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Exodus 11:3 serves as a pivotal statement of divine preparation, strategically preceding the final, devastating plague and the Israelites' imminent departure. It reveals God's sovereign orchestration in two critical ways: first, by supernaturally inclining the Egyptians to grant the Israelites immense favor, ensuring their provision and dignified exit; and second, by elevating Moses to a position of profound authority and respect, recognized even by Pharaoh's own court and the general populace, thereby underscoring the undeniable divine power backing his mission.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is strategically positioned at a critical juncture in the Exodus narrative, immediately following God's instruction to the Israelites to "ask" (or "demand") articles of silver and gold from their Egyptian neighbors in [Exodus 11:2](/exodus/11-2 "God's instruction to Israel to ask for articles"). It functions as a divine explanation, providing the theological and practical basis for how such an improbable request would be fulfilled and why Moses, the instrument of escalating judgment, continued to command respect. It bridges the intense, plague-ridden confrontations of the preceding chapters, particularly the hardening of Pharaoh's heart and the nine plagues, with the dramatic and decisive events of the Passover and the Exodus detailed in [Exodus 12](/exodus/12 "The Passover and the Exodus"). The verse thus highlights divine agency in preparing both the people and the circumstances for the climactic liberation.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In the ancient Near East, the concept of "favor" (חֵן, *chen*) was deeply intertwined with social standing, divine blessing, and often, the power dynamics between groups. For a subjugated, enslaved people like the Israelites to receive favor—manifested as a willingness to part with valuable possessions—from their oppressors was an extraordinary and counter-cultural phenomenon. This was not merely an act of goodwill but a divinely orchestrated form of recompense for centuries of brutal forced labor, serving as an act of divine justice. Moses' "greatness" (גָּדוֹל, *gadol*) in the eyes of the Egyptians, despite being the direct cause of their national suffering, speaks volumes about the overwhelming power of the God he represented. In a polytheistic culture where Pharaoh was considered a divine figure, Moses' consistent ability to humble him and inflict such devastation would have elevated him to an almost supernatural status, demonstrating that the God of Israel was undeniably superior to all Egyptian deities and their ruler. This perception of Moses' power would have contributed significantly to the Egyptians' willingness to grant the Israelites' requests.
* **Key Themes:** Exodus 11:3 contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the book of Exodus and the broader Pentateuch. Firstly, it underscores the theme of **Divine Sovereignty and Control**, demonstrating God's absolute power not only over natural phenomena (plagues) but also over human hearts and perceptions, even those of His enemies. Secondly, it highlights **God's Faithfulness to His Covenant Promises**, specifically the promise to Abraham that his descendants would leave Egypt with great possessions ([Genesis 15:14](/genesis/15-14 "God's promise to Abraham regarding wealth from Egypt")). Thirdly, the verse emphasizes **Divine Justice and Retribution**, as the "plundering" of Egypt through the granting of favor serves as compensation for centuries of oppression and a judgment against Pharaoh's defiance. Finally, it reinforces the theme of **God's Vindication and Empowerment of His Chosen Leader**, showing how God elevates and validates Moses' authority even in the face of immense opposition, transforming him from a reluctant shepherd ([Exodus 4:13](/exodus/4-13 "Moses' reluctance and plea")) into a figure of unparalleled influence.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **LORD (Hebrew, _Yᵉhôvâh'_):** This is the covenant name of God, Yahweh (H3068), signifying "the self-Existent or Eternal." Its use here emphasizes that it is the personal, covenant-keeping God of Israel who is actively intervening and orchestrating these events. It highlights His unique identity and sovereign authority over all creation and human affairs, distinguishing Him from the gods of Egypt.
* **favour (Hebrew, _chên'_):** From H2580, this term denotes "graciousness," "kindness," or "goodwill," which can be subjective (a feeling) or objective (a manifestation like beauty or, in this context, tangible gifts). Here, it signifies a divinely-induced, benevolent disposition in the Egyptians, leading them to willingly give valuable items to the Israelites. It underscores God's ability to influence the hearts of even those hostile to His people, ensuring His promises of provision and justice are fulfilled.
* **great (Hebrew, _gâdôwl'_):** From H1419, this word means "great (in any sense)," "mighty," or "significant." Applied to Moses, it speaks to his immense influence, reputation, and authority. This "greatness" was not self-achieved but a direct result of God empowering him to perform powerful signs and deliver divine messages that continually humbled Pharaoh and his people. It signifies a status of awe and respect, even from those he was afflicting, demonstrating the overwhelming power of the God he served.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians."**: This opening clause immediately establishes divine agency as the primary cause of the Egyptians' benevolent disposition. It was not Israel's charm or negotiation skills, but Yahweh Himself who supernaturally softened the hearts of the Egyptians. This favor was crucial for the Israelites to receive valuable items (silver, gold, clothing) as they departed, effectively "plundering" their former masters as a form of divine compensation for generations of brutal slavery ([Exodus 12:35-36](/exodus/12-35-36 "Israel plundering the Egyptians")). This act demonstrates God's commitment to justice and His power to turn the hearts of kings and commoners alike.
* **"Moreover the man Moses [was] very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh's servants, and in the sight of the people."**: This second clause highlights Moses' elevated status and widespread recognition. Despite his initial reluctance and feelings of inadequacy, God's consistent demonstration of power through him had transformed Moses from a fugitive shepherd into a figure of immense authority. His "greatness" was recognized by all segments of Egyptian society—from the highest officials in Pharaoh's court to the common people—signifying the undeniable power of the God he served. This recognition of Moses' authority would have contributed significantly to the Egyptians' willingness to grant favor to the Israelites. The adverb "very" (H3966, _mᵉʼôd_) intensifies the description of Moses' greatness, emphasizing its profound and pervasive nature.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs **parallelism** by linking the favor shown to the people with the greatness of Moses, both attributed to divine action and both crucial for the impending exodus. This structural device highlights the dual nature of God's preparation: His direct intervention on behalf of His people and His empowerment of His chosen leader. The repeated phrase "in the sight of" ("in the sight of the Egyptians," "in the sight of Pharaoh's servants," and "in the sight of the people") functions as **repetition** (anaphora), emphasizing the widespread, undeniable, and publicly acknowledged nature of both the favor bestowed upon Israel and the immense authority of Moses. This repetition underscores the divine orchestration of public perception, leaving no doubt that these outcomes were not accidental but divinely willed.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Exodus 11:3 powerfully illustrates God's absolute sovereignty, His meticulous preparation for His redemptive plan, and His vindication of His chosen people and servants. It teaches that God is not only capable of judging nations but also of shaping their hearts and perceptions to achieve His purposes. This divine favor and Moses' elevated status are not accidental but integral to God's grand design for Israel's liberation and establishment as a nation, demonstrating His complete control over all circumstances, even the minds of His enemies.

This theme of God granting favor to His people in the eyes of their oppressors or those in authority is a recurring motif throughout biblical history, demonstrating His faithfulness, protective care, and ability to work through unexpected means.
* [Genesis 39:21](/genesis/39-21 "Joseph finding favor in prison")
* [Psalm 106:46](/psalms/106-46 "God giving favor to His people in captivity")
* [Proverbs 16:7](/proverbs/16-7 "When a man's ways please the LORD, he makes even his enemies to be at peace with him")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Exodus 11:3 offers profound encouragement for believers today, reminding us that God is sovereign over all circumstances, even the hearts of those who oppose His will. This verse calls us to trust in God's meticulous preparation for His purposes in our lives and in the world. We can find assurance that God goes before us, orchestrating events and even softening hostile hearts to fulfill His plans, even when circumstances seem impossible or overwhelming. Furthermore, it reminds us that when God calls and empowers His servants for His work, He also establishes their authority and reputation, not for their own glory, but for the advancement of His kingdom. Our influence, therefore, comes not from our own strength or cunning but from the God we represent. This passage encourages us to rely on His perfect timing and abundant provision, knowing that He will equip us for every task and ensure our needs are met as we walk in obedience to His call, even in the face of opposition.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what specific areas of your life do you need to trust God to "give you favor" or supernaturally prepare the way for His purposes?**
* **How might God be elevating your influence or "greatness" (not for your own glory, but for His) in your current sphere, and how can you steward that responsibility well for His kingdom?**
* **What does Exodus 11:3 teach you about God's commitment to justice and His ability to provide recompense for past wrongs or suffering, and how does this apply to your understanding of His character today?**

### FAQ
**Was it right for the Israelites to "plunder" the Egyptians?**

Answer: The biblical text states that "the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians," implying the Egyptians willingly gave them articles of silver, gold, and clothing. This was not an act of theft or unjust plunder in the modern sense, but rather a divinely orchestrated compensation for centuries of forced labor and severe oppression. From God's perspective, it was an act of justice, ensuring His people left Egypt with dignity and resources, not as defeated slaves. It also served as a judgment against Egypt for their cruelty and their persistent defiance of God's commands. This act fulfilled God's earlier promise to Abraham in [Genesis 15:14](/genesis/15-14 "God's promise of wealth to Abraham's descendants from Egypt") that his descendants would come out of their bondage with "great possessions."

**How could Moses be "very great" in Egypt after bringing so much destruction?**

Answer: Moses' "greatness" was a direct reflection of the overwhelming power and undeniable authority of the God he represented. While the plagues brought immense devastation and suffering upon Egypt, they also demonstrated Yahweh's undeniable supremacy over all Egyptian gods, Pharaoh himself, and the forces of nature. The Egyptians, including Pharaoh's servants, would have recognized that Moses was not acting on his own but as the powerful and accurate agent of a superior deity. This awe-inspiring power, coupled with the precision and fulfillment of Moses' predictions regarding each plague, would have commanded profound respect, fear, and even a grudging admiration, leading to his "greatness" in their eyes, even amidst their suffering. His consistent ability to humble Pharaoh, the supposed divine ruler, elevated Moses to a status beyond that of a mere human.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Exodus 11:3, with its themes of divine favor, a divinely appointed leader, and a people being equipped for their exodus, finds profound and ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ. Just as God granted favor to Israel for their physical liberation from Egyptian bondage, so too does God grant **grace (unmerited favor)** to humanity through Christ for spiritual liberation. Jesus is the ultimate "great" one, not merely in the eyes of men, but as the eternally begotten Son of God, the King of kings and Lord of lords ([Revelation 19:16](/revelation/19-16 "Jesus, King of kings and Lord of lords")). He came not to bring plagues of judgment upon humanity, but to bear the ultimate plague of sin on the cross, leading humanity out of the bondage of sin and death into new life ([Romans 6:23](/romans/6-23 "The wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus")). He is the greater Moses, leading a greater exodus, not from Egypt to an earthly promised land, but from the kingdom of darkness to the glorious kingdom of light ([Colossians 1:13-14](/colossians/1-13-14 "Delivered from darkness into light")). Through Christ's atoning work, believers are not merely compensated for past wrongs but are richly endowed with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places and an inheritance far greater than any earthly plunder ([Ephesians 1:3-14](/ephesians/1-3-14 "Spiritual blessings in Christ")). The favor shown to Israel in Egypt foreshadows the unmerited favor (grace) that God pours out on all who believe in His Son, making them heirs with Christ and equipping them for their journey to the heavenly promised land, where they will dwell with God forever.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Exodus 12:36

And the LORD gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent unto them [such things as they required]. And they spoiled the Egyptians.

Exodus 3:21

And I will give this people favour in the sight of the Egyptians: and it shall come to pass, that, when ye go, ye shall not go empty:

Genesis 39:21

But the LORD was with Joseph, and shewed him mercy, and gave him favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison.

Revelation 3:9

Behold, I will make them of the synagogue of Satan, which say they are Jews, and are not, but do lie; behold, I will make them to come and worship before thy feet, and to know that I have loved thee.

Isaiah 60:14

The sons also of them that afflicted thee shall come bending unto thee; and all they that despised thee shall bow themselves down at the soles of thy feet; and they shall call thee, The city of the LORD, The Zion of the Holy One of Israel.

Psalms 106:46

He made them also to be pitied of all those that carried them captives.

Esther 9:4

For Mordecai [was] great in the king's house, and his fame went out throughout all the provinces: for this man Mordecai waxed greater and greater.