TRV
Translation
King James Version
And there were six steps to the throne, with a footstool of gold, which were fastened to the throne, and stays on each side of the sitting place, and two lions standing by the stays:
Complete Jewish Bible
The throne had six steps and a gold footstool; these were fastened to the throne. There were arms on either side of the seat, two lions standing beside the arms,
Berean Standard Bible
The throne had six steps, and a footstool of gold was attached to it. There were armrests on both sides of the seat, with a lion standing beside each armrest.
American Standard Version
And there were six steps to the throne, with a footstool of gold, which were fastened to the throne, and stays on either side by the place of the seat, and two lions standing beside the stays.
World English Bible Messianic
And there were six steps to the throne, with a footstool of gold, which were fastened to the throne, and stays on either side by the place of the seat, and two lions standing beside the stays.
Geneva Bible (1599)
And the throne had sixe steppes, with a footestoole of gold fastened to the throne, and stayes on either side on the place of the seate, and two lyons standing by the stayes.
Young's Literal Translation
and six steps are to the throne, and a footstool of gold, to the throne they are fastened, and hands are on this side and on that on the place of the sitting, and two lions are standing near the hands,
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Commentary on 2 Chronicles 9 verses 13–31
13 ¶ Now the weight of gold that came to Solomon in one year was six hundred and threescore and six talents of gold;
14 Beside that which chapmen and merchants brought. And all the kings of Arabia and governors of the country brought gold and silver to Solomon.
15 And king Solomon made two hundred targets of beaten gold: six hundred shekels of beaten gold went to one target.
16 And three hundred shields made he of beaten gold: three hundred shekels of gold went to one shield. And the king put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon.
17 Moreover the king made a great throne of ivory, and overlaid it with pure gold.
18 And there were six steps to the throne, with a footstool of gold, which were fastened to the throne, and stays on each side of the sitting place, and two lions standing by the stays:
19 And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps. There was not the like made in any kingdom.
20 And all the drinking vessels of king Solomon were of gold, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon were of pure gold: none were of silver; it was not any thing accounted of in the days of Solomon.
21 For the king's ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram: every three years once came the ships of Tarshish bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks.
22 And king Solomon passed all the kings of the earth in riches and wisdom.
23 And all the kings of the earth sought the presence of Solomon, to hear his wisdom, that God had put in his heart.
24 And they brought every man his present, vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and raiment, harness, and spices, horses, and mules, a rate year by year.
25 And Solomon had four thousand stalls for horses and chariots, and twelve thousand horsemen; whom he bestowed in the chariot cities, and with the king at Jerusalem.
26 And he reigned over all the kings from the river even unto the land of the Philistines, and to the border of Egypt.
27 And the king made silver in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar trees made he as the sycomore trees that are in the low plains in abundance.
28 And they brought unto Solomon horses out of Egypt, and out of all lands.
29 Now the rest of the acts of Solomon, first and last, are they not written in the book of Nathan the prophet, and in the prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the visions of Iddo the seer against Jeroboam the son of Nebat?
30 And Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel forty years.
31 And Solomon slept with his fathers, and he was buried in the city of David his father: and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead.
We have here Solomon in his throne, and Solomon in his grave; for the throne would not secure him from the grave. Mors sceptra ligonibus aequat - Death wrenches from the hand the sceptre as well as the spade.
I. Here is Solomon reigning in wealth and power, in ease and fulness, such as, for aught I know, could never since be paralleled by any king whatsoever. In cannot pretend to be critical in comparing the grandeur of Solomon with that of some of the great princes of the earth. But I may observe that the most illustrious of them were famed for their wars, whereas Solomon reigned forty years in profound peace. Some of those that might be thought to vie with Solomon affected retirement, kept people in awe by keeping them at a great distance; nobody must see them, or come near him, upon pain of death: but Solomon went much abroad, and appeared in public business. So that, all things considered, the promise was fulfilled, that God would give him riches, and wealth, and honour, such as no kings have had, or shall have, Ch2 1:12. 1. Never any prince appeared in public with great splendour than Solomon did, which to those that judge by the sight of the eye, as most people do, would very much recommend him. He had 200 targets and 300 shields, all of beaten gold, carried before him (Ch2 9:15, Ch2 9:16), and sat upon a most stately throne, Ch2 9:17-19. There was not the like in any kingdom. The lustre wherein he appeared was typical of the spiritual glory of the kingdom of the Messiah and but a faint representation of his throne, which is above every throne. Solomon's pomp was all artificial; and therefore our Saviour prefers the natural beauty of the lilies of the field before it. Mat 6:29, Solomon, in all his glory, was not arrayed like one of these. 2. Never any prince had greater plenty of gold and silver, though there were no gold or silver mines in his own kingdom. Either he made himself master of the mines in other countries, and, having a populous country, sent hands to dig out those rich metals, or, having a fruitful country, he exported the commodities of it and with them fetched home all this gold that is here spoken of, Ch2 9:13, Ch2 9:14-21. 3. Never any prince had such presents brought him by all his neighbours as Solomon had: All the kings of Arabia, and governors of the country, brought him gold and silver (Ch2 9:14), not as tribute which he extorted from them, but as freewill offerings to procure his favour, or in a way of exchange for some of the productions of his husbandry, corn or cattle. All the kings of the earth brought him presents, that is, all in those parts of the world (Ch2 9:24, Ch2 9:28), because they coveted his acquaintance and friendship. Herein he was a type of Christ, to whom, as soon as he was born, the wise men of the east brought presents, gold, frankincense, and myrrh (Mat 2:11), and to whom all that are about him must bring presents, Psa 76:11; Rom 12:1. 4. Never any prince was so renowned for wisdom, so courted, so consulted, so admired (Ch2 9:23): The kings of the earth (for it was too great a favour for common persons to pretend to) sought to hear his wisdom - his natural philosophy, or his skill in physic, or his state policy, or his rules of prudence for the conduct of human life, or perhaps the principles of his religion, and the reasons of it. The application which they then made to Solomon to hear his wisdom will aggravate, shame, and condemn, men's general contempt of Christ and his gospel. Though in them are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge, yet none of the princes of this world desire to know them, for they are foolishness to them, Co1 2:8, Co1 2:14.
II. Here is Solomon dying, stripped of his pomp, and leaving all his wealth and power, not to one concerning whom he knew not whether he would be a wise man or a fool (Ecc 2:19), but who he knew would be a fool. This was not only vanity but vexation of spirit, Ch2 9:29-31. It is very observable that no mention is here made of Solomon's departure from God in his latter days, not the least hint given of it, 1. Because the Holy Ghost would teach us not to take delight in repeating the faults and follies of others. If those that have been in reputation for wisdom and honour misbehave, though it may be of use to take notice of their misconduct for warning to ourselves and others, yet we must not be forward to mention it, once the speaking of it is enough; why should that unpleasing string be again struck upon? Why can we not do as the sacred historian here does, speak largely of that in others which is praise-worthy, without saying any thing of their blemishes, yea, though they have been gross and obvious? This is but doing as we would be done by. 2. Because, though he fell, yet he was not utterly cast down. His sin is not again recorded, because it was repented of, and pardoned, and became as if it had never been. Scripture-silence sometimes speaks. I am willing to believe that its silence here concerning the sin of Solomon is an intimation that none of the sins he committed were mentioned against him, Eze 33:16. When God pardons sin he casts it behind his back and remembers it no more.
Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 13–31. Public domain.
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Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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SUMMARY
2 Chronicles 9:18 meticulously describes King Solomon's magnificent throne, detailing its six ascending steps, a footstool crafted from pure gold and securely fastened, sturdy armrests on either side of the sitting place, and two lions majestically standing guard by the armrests. This verse, embedded within the Chronicler's account of Solomon's unparalleled wealth and wisdom, serves as a vivid portrayal of the opulence and symbolic power of his reign, reflecting the divine favor and extraordinary prosperity bestowed upon him by God. The throne stands as a tangible representation of Solomon's supreme authority and the grandeur of his divinely-ordained kingdom.
CONTEXT
Literary Context: This verse is situated within a broader narrative in 2 Chronicles 9 that extols the unprecedented splendor of King Solomon's reign, immediately following the awe-struck visit of the Queen of Sheba (2 Chronicles 9:1-12). The detailed description of his throne, alongside his immense wealth and profound wisdom (as highlighted in 2 Chronicles 9:13-28), serves to underscore the zenith of Israel's glory under Solomon, fulfilling God's promises of blessing and prosperity. The Chronicler, writing for a post-exilic audience, emphasizes Solomon's divinely-granted wisdom and prosperity as a model of what God can do for a faithful king and nation, implicitly contrasting it with later kings who deviated from God's covenant. This elaborate architectural and material description of the throne in 2 Chronicles 9:18-19 (paralleled in 1 Kings 10:18-20) is designed to impress upon the reader the unparalleled majesty and stability of Solomon's kingdom at its peak.
Historical & Cultural Context: In the ancient Near East, a monarch's throne was far more than a mere piece of furniture; it was a potent symbol embodying the king's power, authority, justice, and divine legitimacy to rule. The use of precious materials like gold, along with symbolic animal imagery such as lions, was a common feature in royal iconography across various cultures, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, and other surrounding kingdoms. Solomon's throne, described with such lavish detail, would have communicated his immense wealth, political dominance, and divinely-sanctioned status to both his subjects and foreign dignitaries. The very act of ascending multiple steps to approach the king's seat would have emphasized his elevated status and the profound reverence due to him as God's anointed ruler over Israel. This throne was not just a seat of power but a statement of national identity and divine favor.
Key Themes: The meticulous description of Solomon's throne in 2 Chronicles 9:18 contributes significantly to several overarching themes within 2 Chronicles and the broader Solomonic narrative. It powerfully illustrates the theme of Divine Blessing and Prosperity, showcasing God's faithfulness in elevating Solomon and Israel to an unprecedented level of glory and affluence. It underscores Wisdom and Justice, as the throne was the very seat from which Solomon dispensed his renowned judgments and wise decrees (1 Kings 3:16-28). The Glory of Earthly Kingship is vividly portrayed, highlighting the magnificence that can be achieved when a nation is in right relationship with God. Yet, this earthly splendor subtly foreshadows its transient nature when compared to God's eternal dominion. Furthermore, the throne's symbolism of Sovereignty and Authority reinforces Solomon's role as God's chosen representative on earth, ruling over a unified and prosperous kingdom, a kingdom that, for a time, reflected a measure of divine order and blessing.
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
The description of Solomon's throne in 2 Chronicles 9:18 is rich in Imagery, painting a vivid and opulent picture through precise details like "six steps," "footstool of gold," and "two lions." This visual language is meticulously crafted to impress upon the reader the unparalleled grandeur and majesty of Solomon's reign. The entire throne functions as a powerful Symbol of Solomon's divinely-bestowed wisdom, immense wealth, and supreme authority, simultaneously representing the peace, prosperity, and stability of his kingdom. The gold signifies purity, preciousness, and divine blessing, while the lions are potent symbols of strength, royalty, and justice, reinforcing the king's attributes and his connection to the tribe of Judah. The cumulative effect of these detailed descriptions, emphasizing the throne's uniqueness and splendor, verges on Hyperbole, though presented as factual, to underscore the extraordinary and unmatched nature of Solomon's court among all earthly kings.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Solomon's throne, described with such meticulous detail and lavish materials, serves as a profound theological statement about the nature of divinely-ordained kingship and the abundant blessings that flow from obedience and faithfulness to God. It reflects the idea that earthly authority, when exercised under God's wisdom and favor, can manifest a glory that hints at the divine. However, it also implicitly reminds us that even the most magnificent earthly throne is but a shadow of the eternal, unshakeable throne of God Himself. The temporary nature of Solomon's reign, despite its initial splendor, contrasts sharply with the everlasting dominion of the Almighty. This throne, therefore, becomes a testament to both the potential for human glory under God and the ultimate supremacy of divine sovereignty, which transcends all earthly power.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The detailed account of Solomon's throne invites us to consider the true nature of authority and the source of lasting glory. While Solomon's reign was marked by extraordinary wealth and wisdom, his eventual moral failures and the subsequent division of the kingdom remind us that earthly power, no matter how magnificent, is transient and susceptible to corruption. For us, this passage should inspire a deeper appreciation for God's ability to bless and elevate, but also a sober reflection on where our ultimate trust and allegiance lie. Do we pursue earthly grandeur, recognition, and material success as ends in themselves, or do we seek the wisdom, righteousness, and eternal values that emanate from God's eternal throne? The true King is not seated on a throne of gold that can decay, but on a throne of grace and truth, inviting us to draw near with confidence. This passage challenges us to use any influence or position we have, not for self-aggrandizement or fleeting glory, but to reflect God's justice, wisdom, and compassion in a world desperately in need of His righteous and everlasting rule.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why are there "six steps" mentioned, and is the number significant?
Answer: While some might seek deep numerological significance in the "six steps," the primary purpose of this specific detail is to emphasize the extraordinary elevation and grandeur of Solomon's throne. It signifies that the king's seat was not merely a chair but a raised platform, requiring a deliberate and respectful ascent. This physical elevation underscored his supreme authority and majesty, distinguishing him from all others present and reinforcing the hierarchical order of his court. The six steps, along with the other luxurious details, contribute to the overall impression of unparalleled royal splendor, making Solomon's throne unique among all earthly kings, as explicitly stated in 2 Chronicles 9:19.
What is the significance of the "lions" on the throne?
Answer: The lions on Solomon's throne are highly significant symbols, deeply rooted in ancient Near Eastern iconography. In this cultural context, lions were universally recognized as powerful emblems of strength, royalty, courage, and justice. Their presence on the throne powerfully reinforced Solomon's image as a formidable and just ruler, a protector of his people, and a king endowed with divine power and authority. Furthermore, the lion is the tribal symbol of Judah, from which Solomon descended (Genesis 49:9), thus connecting his kingship to the prophetic promises made to his ancestral tribe. The parallel account in 1 Kings 10:20 mentions a total of twelve lions, six on each side of the steps, further amplifying this potent symbolism and suggesting a pervasive representation of royal might and divine favor extending to all twelve tribes of Israel.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Solomon's magnificent throne, with its lavish gold, ascending steps, and majestic lions, serves as a powerful type and shadow, pointing ultimately to the infinitely greater and eternal throne of Jesus Christ. While Solomon's reign represented a golden age for Israel, marked by unparalleled wisdom and material wealth, it was temporary and ultimately flawed due to his later disobedience and the kingdom's subsequent division. Jesus, the true Son of David, fulfills and surpasses all that Solomon's earthly throne represented. He is the divine King whose throne is not of perishable earthly gold but of eternal righteousness and justice (Hebrews 1:8). The "six steps" to Solomon's throne hint at the necessary ascent to true authority, which in Christ is achieved through His perfect obedience, sacrificial death, resurrection, and ultimate exaltation to the right hand of God (Philippians 2:8-11). The "footstool of gold" symbolizing dominion finds its ultimate reality in Christ, who has triumphed over all powers and authorities, putting all enemies under His feet (1 Corinthians 15:25). Most profoundly, the "two lions" guarding Solomon's throne powerfully foreshadow Jesus as the Lion of the Tribe of Judah, who alone is worthy to open the scroll and reign with absolute authority. His kingdom is not bound by earthly borders or material wealth but is a spiritual, everlasting dominion (Luke 1:32-33), where He sits on the throne of God and the Lamb, bringing light, healing, and eternal life to all who believe (Revelation 22:1-5).