1 Chronicles 11:6

KJV

And David said, Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain. So Joab the son of Zeruiah went first up, and was chief.

KJV (with Strong's)

And David {H1732} said {H559}, Whosoever smiteth {H5221} the Jebusites {H2983} first {H7223} shall be chief {H7218} and captain {H8269}. So Joab {H3097} the son {H1121} of Zeruiah {H6870} went {H5927} first {H7223} up {H5927}, and was chief {H7218}.

Complete Jewish Bible

David said, "Whoever attacks the Y'vusi first will be commander-in-chief." Yo'av the son of Tz'ruyah attacked first and was made commander.

Berean Standard Bible

Now David had said, “Whoever is the first to strike down a Jebusite will become chief commander.” And Joab son of Zeruiah went up first, and he became the chief.

American Standard Version

And David said, Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain. And Joab the son of Zeruiah went up first, and was made chief.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
1 Chronicles 11:6 encapsulates a pivotal moment in the consolidation of David's reign, detailing his strategic challenge to capture the formidable Jebusite stronghold of Jerusalem. This verse vividly portrays David's astute leadership in offering the highest military command to the first warrior who could breach the city's defenses. It then records the immediate and decisive initiative of Joab, son of Zeruiah, who courageously led the charge and was subsequently appointed as David's chief military commander, thereby solidifying his crucial role in the nascent kingdom and establishing Jerusalem as its capital.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is strategically positioned within the Chronicler's narrative of David's ascent to power, immediately following his anointing as king over all Israel in Hebron ([1 Chronicles 11:1-3](/1_chronicles/11-1-3 "1 Chronicles 11:1-3 - David Anointed King")) and the initial description of the Jebusite occupation of Jerusalem ([1 Chronicles 11:4-5](/1_chronicles/11-4-5 "1 Chronicles 11:4-5 - David Marches Against Jerusalem")). The capture of Jerusalem and Joab's subsequent appointment are presented as foundational acts that not only solidify David's kingship but also establish his central capital, the "City of David." This event sets the stage for the subsequent enumeration of David's mighty men ([1 Chronicles 11:10-47](/1_chronicles/11-10-47 "1 Chronicles 11:10-47 - David's Mighty Men")), with Joab prominently featured as their commander, emphasizing the legitimacy and strength of David's newly unified kingdom. The Chronicler, writing for a post-exilic audience, underscores David's divinely sanctioned authority and the enduring importance of Jerusalem as the chosen city.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** At the time of David's anointing, Jerusalem (then known as Jebus) was a heavily fortified city, situated on a defensible ridge, and had remained unconquered by the Israelites since the initial conquest of Canaan (cf. [Joshua 15:63](/joshua/15-63 "Joshua 15:63 - Judah Fails to Drive Out Jebusites")). Its strategic location, nestled between the northern and southern tribes, made it an ideal neutral capital for a unified Israel, free from existing tribal loyalties that might favor one region over another. David's challenge to "smite the Jebusites first" reflects a common ancient Near Eastern practice of military incentives, designed to inspire valor and identify elite warriors. The parallel account in [2 Samuel 5:6-9](/2_samuel/5-6-9 "2 Samuel 5:6-9 - David Captures Jerusalem") provides additional details, including the reference to the "water shaft" (or "gutter"), which Joab likely exploited to gain clandestine entry. The appointment of a chief commander based on merit and daring initiative, rather than solely on lineage, signifies David's pragmatic and effective leadership style, valuing demonstrable capability in critical moments.

* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully illustrates several key themes central to the narrative of David's reign and the broader book of Chronicles. Firstly, it highlights **Strategic Leadership**, as David identifies and acts decisively to secure a unified capital, demonstrating both military acumen and political foresight in choosing a neutral, defensible location. Secondly, **Courage and Initiative** are prominently displayed by Joab, whose willingness to undertake a perilous and seemingly impossible task earns him the highest military honor. This act exemplifies the principle of **Merit-Based Promotion**, where demonstrated valor and capability lead to positions of authority, a recurring theme in biblical leadership that contrasts with purely hereditary systems. Finally, the conquest of Jebus marks the **Founding of the City of David**, transforming a pagan stronghold into the political and spiritual heart of Israel, a place destined to house the Ark of the Covenant and later the Temple, fulfilling God's plan for a central sanctuary and a chosen king (see [Psalm 78:68-72](/psalms/78-68-72 "Psalm 78:68-72 - God's Choice of Zion and David")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **smiteth (Hebrew, _nâkâh'_):** This verb (H5221) is a primitive root meaning "to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)." In a military context, it often denotes a decisive, impactful blow, implying a successful conquest or defeat. Here, it signifies the act of breaking through the formidable Jebusite defenses and overcoming their entrenched resistance, leading to the capture of the city. It's not merely a "hit" but a conquering blow that incapacitates the enemy.
* **chief (Hebrew, _rôʼsh'_):** This noun (H7218) literally means "head" and is derived from an unused root apparently meaning "to shake." Figuratively, it signifies the primary or leading position, whether of place, time, or rank. In this context, when combined with "captain," it emphasizes the supreme authority and preeminence of the appointed individual within the military hierarchy, indicating the highest possible leadership role.
* **captain (Hebrew, _sar'_):** This noun (H8269) denotes a "head person (of any rank or class)," derived from a root meaning "to rule." It refers to a prince, commander, or high-ranking official. Paired with _rôʼsh_, it unequivocally establishes Joab as the commander-in-chief, the undisputed head of David's army, wielding significant power and influence.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And David said, Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain."**: This opening clause reveals David's strategic genius and his ability to motivate his troops through a direct, high-stakes challenge. By offering the ultimate military authority ("chief and captain") to the first warrior who could breach the formidable Jebusite defenses, David not only identifies the most courageous and capable individual but also galvanizes his entire army, inspiring a competitive spirit. This demonstrates a pragmatic and meritocratic approach to leadership, valuing initiative and bravery above all else for this critical task of securing a unified capital.
* **"So Joab the son of Zeruiah went first up, and was chief."**: This clause details the immediate and successful response to David's challenge. Joab, David's nephew and a seasoned warrior, demonstrates remarkable courage, military prowess, and decisive initiative by being the first to breach the formidable Jebusite defenses. His swift and effective action secures the city for David and, in turn, earns him the promised position. The brevity of the statement underscores the swiftness and effectiveness of his initiative, solidifying his role as David's loyal, albeit sometimes ruthless, commander-in-chief—a position he would hold with significant influence and authority for decades.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several effective **Literary Devices** to convey its message with impact. **Direct Speech** is prominently used to present David's challenge, lending immediacy and authenticity to the narrative and highlighting David's active, decisive role in shaping events. The concise **Narrative Action** ("So Joab... went first up, and was chief") provides a clear cause-and-effect sequence, demonstrating the direct consequence of David's challenge and Joab's swift, successful response. This directness also emphasizes Joab's decisive and bold character. Furthermore, the event serves as a form of **Foreshadowing**, establishing Joab's prominent and enduring, though often controversial, role as David's military commander throughout the rest of David's reign, a position that would be crucial for the kingdom's stability and expansion. The narrative also implicitly uses **Meritocracy** as a thematic device, showcasing a system where leadership is earned through demonstrated valor and achievement, rather than solely by birthright.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This pivotal moment in 1 Chronicles 11:6 underscores God's providential hand in establishing David's kingdom and preparing Jerusalem as its spiritual and political center. While human courage, strategic leadership, and military prowess are evident, the narrative implicitly points to the divine enablement that allows such feats to occur. David’s challenge and Joab’s successful initiative are instruments in God’s larger plan to consolidate His chosen king's rule and establish the city from which the Davidic covenant would unfold and the Temple would eventually rise. It teaches us that God often works through the bold and decisive actions of His people, rewarding those who step forward in faith and courage to accomplish His purposes. The conquest of Jerusalem was not merely a military victory but a theological necessity for the fulfillment of God’s promises regarding a permanent dwelling place for His presence among His people and the establishment of a righteous kingdom.

* [2 Samuel 5:6-9](/2_samuel/5-6-9 "2 Samuel 5:6-9 - Parallel Account of Jerusalem's Capture and David's Reign")
* [Joshua 15:63](/joshua/15-63 "Joshua 15:63 - Jebusites Not Driven Out by Judah")
* [Psalm 78:68-72](/psalms/78-68-72 "Psalm 78:68-72 - God's Choice of Zion and David")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
1 Chronicles 11:6 offers profound insights into leadership, initiative, and the pursuit of God-given objectives. David's challenge to his men exemplifies the kind of visionary leadership that inspires courage and rewards excellence. He identified a critical stronghold (Jerusalem) and presented a clear, high-stakes incentive for its capture, demonstrating the importance of setting ambitious, yet attainable, goals. Joab's immediate and successful response serves as a powerful reminder of the value of initiative and daring in the face of daunting challenges. In our spiritual lives, there are often "Jebusites"—spiritual strongholds, entrenched sins, or seemingly insurmountable obstacles—that God calls us to confront. This passage encourages us to step forward with courage, not waiting for others, but taking decisive action in faith, trusting in God's power to enable us. Just as Joab earned his position through valor, so too are believers called to demonstrate zeal and commitment in serving God's kingdom, understanding that true spiritual leadership often requires a willingness to be "first" in sacrifice and service, for the glory of God and the advancement of His purposes.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What "Jebusites" or seemingly impregnable challenges might God be calling you to confront in your personal life, family, or community today?**
* **How does Joab's decisive initiative challenge your own willingness to step forward in faith when opportunities for service or spiritual breakthrough arise?**
* **In what areas of your life or ministry can you cultivate a spirit of courageous leadership and a willingness to be "first" in tackling difficult but necessary tasks for God's kingdom?**

### FAQ
**Why was Jerusalem so strategically important for David to capture?**

Answer: Jerusalem, then known as Jebus, was strategically crucial for several reasons. Geographically, it was situated on a defensible hill, making it a formidable stronghold that had resisted Israelite conquest for centuries. Politically, it was a neutral city, not belonging to either the northern or southern tribes, making it an ideal capital to unite a fractured Israel. Its central location allowed David to govern both Judah and the other tribes effectively. Spiritually, its capture paved the way for Jerusalem to become the "City of David" and later the religious center of Israel, where the Ark of the Covenant would reside and the Temple would eventually be built, fulfilling God's plan for a centralized place of worship and a permanent dwelling for His presence (see [2 Samuel 7:1-17](/2_samuel/7-1-17 "2 Samuel 7:1-17 - The Davidic Covenant")).

**What is the significance of Joab's promotion to "chief and captain"?**

Answer: Joab's promotion to "chief and captain" (commander-in-chief) was highly significant. It established him as the supreme military authority under David, a position he would hold throughout much of David's reign, as seen in passages like [2 Samuel 8:16](/2_samuel/8-16 "2 Samuel 8:16 - Joab as Commander of the Army"). This appointment demonstrated David's meritocratic approach to leadership, rewarding courage and initiative rather than solely lineage. Joab's role was vital in consolidating David's kingdom, leading military campaigns, and maintaining order. While Joab's character was complex and at times ruthless, his unwavering loyalty and military effectiveness were indispensable to David's success and the stability of the kingdom.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The conquest of Jerusalem and Joab's decisive action in 1 Chronicles 11:6 foreshadow a greater spiritual conquest achieved by the ultimate Son of David, Jesus Christ. Just as David established his earthly kingdom's capital by overcoming the Jebusite stronghold, Christ, through His life, death, and resurrection, established His eternal spiritual kingdom by decisively conquering the strongholds of sin, death, and the devil. The "Jebusites" of this world represent the spiritual enemies and fortresses of darkness that hold humanity captive. Christ's victory on the cross was the ultimate "smiting" of these enemies, disarming the powers and authorities and putting them to open shame (see [Colossians 2:15](/colossians/2-15 "Colossians 2:15 - Christ's Triumph Over Principalities and Powers")). He is the true "chief and captain" of our salvation, the pioneer who leads us into glory and victory (see [Hebrews 2:10](/hebrews/2-10 "Hebrews 2:10 - Jesus, the Pioneer of Salvation")). The heavenly Jerusalem, which is our ultimate destination, is established not by human might or military strategy but by Christ's finished work and His triumphant resurrection (see [Hebrews 12:22-24](/hebrews/12-22-24 "Hebrews 12:22-24 - The Heavenly Jerusalem")). Believers are called to participate in this ongoing spiritual battle, not by physical warfare, but by proclaiming the Gospel and living out Christ's victory, empowered by the Spirit, as His "captains" in spreading His kingdom, knowing that the ultimate triumph belongs to the [Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world](/john/1-29 "John 1:29 - Jesus, the Lamb of God").

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

2 Samuel 8:16

And Joab the son of Zeruiah [was] over the host; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud [was] recorder;

2 Samuel 20:23

¶ Now Joab [was] over all the host of Israel: and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada [was] over the Cherethites and over the Pelethites:

1 Samuel 17:25

And the men of Israel said, Have ye seen this man that is come up? surely to defy Israel is he come up: and it shall be, [that] the man who killeth him, the king will enrich him with great riches, and will give him his daughter, and make his father's house free in Israel.

Joshua 15:16

And Caleb said, He that smiteth Kirjathsepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife.

Joshua 15:17

And Othniel the son of Kenaz, the brother of Caleb, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.

2 Samuel 3:27

And when Abner was returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside in the gate to speak with him quietly, and smote him there under the fifth [rib], that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother.

2 Samuel 2:18

¶ And there were three sons of Zeruiah there, Joab, and Abishai, and Asahel: and Asahel [was as] light of foot as a wild roe.