The Hebrew word dᵉmûwth, represented by H1823, conveys the concept of resemblance. Appearing 25 times in 22 verses, its meaning ranges from a concrete model or shape to an adverbial comparison, translated as like, fashion, manner, or similitude. It is derived from the root H1819, which means to compare or resemble.
In scripture, H1823 is used to describe several forms of resemblance. Most fundamentally, it establishes humanity's relationship to its creator, stating that man was made in God's likeness (Genesis 1:26, Genesis 5:1). This same concept is then applied to human lineage, as Adam fathered a son "in his own likeness" Genesis 5:3. The term is also essential in prophetic visions, where it is used to describe heavenly sights that defy direct description, such as the "likeness of a throne" or the "likeness of the glory of the LORD" seen by Ezekiel (Ezekiel 1:26, Ezekiel 1:28). It can also refer to a physical model, as when King Ahaz sent the "fashion" of a foreign altar to be copied 2 Kings 16:10.
Several related words help clarify the concept of resemblance and appearance:
- H1819 dâmâh (to compare): This is the root of H1823 and means to liken or use similitudes. It is used alongside H1823 to question what likeness can be compared to God Isaiah 40:18.
- H6754 tselem (image): This word, meaning a representative figure or resemblance, is frequently paired with H1823 in the creation account. Man is made in God's image H6754, after his likeness H1823 Genesis 1:26.
- H4758 marʼeh (appearance): This term denotes a view or the thing seen. It is used extensively with H1823 in Ezekiel's visions to convey the appearance of a likeness, layering words to describe the indescribable glory of God Ezekiel 1:28.
The theological significance of H1823 is profound, shaping our understanding of God, humanity, and revelation.
- The Imago Dei: The use of likeness in Genesis establishes that humanity is uniquely created to resemble and represent God. This is a foundational concept for human dignity and purpose Genesis 1:26.
- Describing Theophany: The word provides a crucial linguistic tool for prophets to articulate their visions of God. It acknowledges that what is seen is not God in His full essence, but a likeness or similitude that can be comprehended by man (Ezekiel 1:28, Daniel 10:16).
- Transmitted Nature: The application of likeness to Adam and his son Seth demonstrates a principle of inherited nature, where characteristics are passed from one generation to the next Genesis 5:3.
In summary, H1823 is a multifaceted term that moves beyond simple comparison. It is central to the biblical definition of humanity's relationship with God, provides the language for describing divine visions, and illustrates the concept of resemblance in both heavenly and earthly contexts. It shows how scripture describes profound truths by relating them to understandable patterns and likenesses.
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