Romans 16:4

KJV

Who have for my life laid down their own necks: unto whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles.

KJV (with Strong's)

Who {G3748} have {G5294} for {G5228} my {G3450} life {G5590} laid down {G5294} their own {G1438} necks {G5137}: unto whom {G3739} not {G3756} only {G3441} I {G1473} give thanks {G2168}, but {G235} also {G2532} all {G3956} the churches {G1577} of the Gentiles {G1484}.

Complete Jewish Bible

They risked their necks to save my life; not only I thank them, but also all the Messianic communities among the Gentiles.

Berean Standard Bible

who have risked their lives for me. Not only I but all the churches of the Gentiles are grateful to them.

American Standard Version

who for my life laid down their own necks; unto whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles:

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Romans 16:4 vividly portrays the profound gratitude of the Apostle Paul and, remarkably, "all the churches of the Gentiles" toward Priscilla and Aquila. This extraordinary couple, faithful co-laborers with Paul, demonstrated unparalleled courage and devotion by risking their own lives—literally "laying down their own necks"—to protect Paul. Their sacrificial act underscores the deep bonds of fellowship and the dangerous realities faced by early Christians, while also highlighting the widespread impact of their ministry on the nascent Gentile church.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Romans 16 serves as Paul's concluding remarks to his magnum opus, the letter to the Romans. Far from being a mere list of names, this chapter is a rich tapestry of personal greetings, commendations, and final instructions. Paul begins this chapter by commending Phoebe, then immediately introduces Priscilla and Aquila in [Romans 16:3](/romans/16-3 "Romans 16:3 - Paul's Commendation of Priscilla and Aquila"), identifying them as his "helpers in Christ Jesus." The placement of their names at the very beginning of this extensive list of salutations underscores their exceptional importance and the high esteem in which Paul held them. This verse, [Romans 16:4](/romans/16-4 "Romans 16:4 - Priscilla and Aquila's Sacrifice"), then elaborates on the specific reason for Paul's profound gratitude, setting the tone for the mutual affection and partnership that characterized the early Christian community before Paul transitions to final exhortations and doxology in the latter part of the chapter.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Priscilla and Aquila were a Jewish Christian couple, originally from Italy, who Paul first encountered in Corinth after they were expelled from Rome by Emperor Claudius's edict against Jews (circa AD 49), as recorded in [Acts 18:2](/acts/18-2 "Acts 18:2 - Paul Meets Priscilla and Aquila"). They were tentmakers by trade, a craft Paul also practiced, which formed an initial bond. Their journey from Rome to Corinth, then to Ephesus ([Acts 18:18-19](/acts/18-18-19 "Acts 18:18-19 - Priscilla and Aquila in Ephesus")), and now back to Rome, demonstrates their mobility and unwavering commitment to the Gospel. The phrase "laid down their own necks" is a powerful idiom, likely derived from the practice of offering one's neck to the executioner's sword, or more broadly, facing mortal danger. While the specific incident where they risked their lives for Paul is not detailed in Scripture, it could have occurred during the many perils Paul faced, such as the riot in Ephesus ([Acts 19:23-41](/acts/19-23-41 "Acts 19:23-41 - The Riot in Ephesus")) or plots against his life ([Acts 20:3](/acts/20-3 "Acts 20:3 - Plot Against Paul's Life")). Their return to Rome also indicates the lifting of Claudius's edict and their resilience in re-establishing their ministry, likely hosting a house church, as suggested by [Romans 16:5](/romans/16-5 "Romans 16:5 - The Church in Their House").

* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes within Romans and the broader Pauline corpus. Firstly, it highlights the theme of **Sacrifice and Devotion** within Christian fellowship. Priscilla and Aquila's willingness to face death for Paul exemplifies the highest form of love and commitment, mirroring the self-sacrificial love of Christ. Their actions demonstrate that genuine faith often demands significant personal cost and courage in the face of adversity. Secondly, the verse underscores the vital theme of **Partnership in Ministry**. Priscilla and Aquila were not merely passive believers; they were active, courageous co-laborers with Paul, essential to his missionary endeavors. Their partnership was so integral that their actions had far-reaching implications for the entire Gentile church, illustrating the collaborative nature of early Christian outreach and the importance of mutual support among believers, as Paul often emphasized in his letters (e.g., [Philippians 1:3-5](/philippians/1-3-5 "Philippians 1:3-5 - Partnership in the Gospel")). Finally, the verse speaks to the theme of **Widespread Gratitude and Unity** within the early church. The fact that "all the churches of the Gentiles" shared Paul's thanks emphasizes the interconnectedness of the various Christian communities and the collective recognition of heroic acts that benefited the entire body of Christ. This communal gratitude reinforces the idea of a unified, interdependent global church, bound by shared faith and mutual support, a concept central to Paul's vision in [Ephesians 4:1-6](/ephesians/4-1-6 "Ephesians 4:1-6 - Unity in the Body of Christ").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **laid down (Greek, _hypotíthēmi'_):** This verb (G5294) literally means "to place underneath" or "to put under." Figuratively, as used here, it conveys the idea of "to hazard" or "to risk," implying an act of placing oneself in a subordinate or vulnerable position for the sake of another. In the context of "laying down their necks," it vividly portrays the act of submitting oneself to extreme danger, potentially even death, on behalf of someone else. It suggests a deliberate and courageous act of self-exposure to peril.
* **necks (Greek, _tráchēlos'_):** The word (G5137) refers to the "throat" or "neck." In this idiom, it is a powerful synecdoche, where the part (neck) stands for the whole (life or person). To "lay down one's neck" was a common ancient expression for risking one's life, especially in the context of execution (where the neck would be exposed to the sword or axe) or extreme peril. It underscores the mortal danger Priscilla and Aquila faced, indicating that their lives were literally on the line for Paul's safety.
* **churches (Greek, _ekklēsía'_):** This term (G1577) denotes a "calling out," referring concretely to a "popular meeting" or "religious congregation." In the New Testament, it signifies both local assemblies of believers and the universal body of Christ. The use of "all the churches of the Gentiles" highlights the collective identity and interconnectedness of the burgeoning Christian communities composed primarily of non-Jewish converts. Their unified gratitude signifies the widespread impact of Paul's ministry and the recognition that Priscilla and Aquila's sacrifice benefited the entire Gentile Christian movement.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Who have for my life laid down their own necks":** This clause reveals the extraordinary act of self-sacrifice performed by Priscilla and Aquila. The phrase "for my life" (hyper psychēs mou) indicates that their risk was directly aimed at preserving Paul's existence. The idiom "laid down their own necks" powerfully communicates the extreme peril they willingly embraced, suggesting they faced a situation where their lives were in imminent danger, and they chose to interpose themselves or act in a way that diverted that danger from Paul onto themselves. This demonstrates profound loyalty, courage, and love for their fellow believer and for the cause of the Gospel that Paul embodied.
* **"unto whom not only I give thanks":** Here, Paul expresses his personal and deeply felt gratitude. The phrase "not only I" emphasizes that his thanks are genuine and heartfelt, stemming from a direct experience of their life-saving devotion. This personal acknowledgment highlights the strong relational bonds within the early Christian community and Paul's humility in recognizing his indebtedness to his co-laborers. His thanksgiving is not merely polite but a profound recognition of their selfless act.
* **"but also all the churches of the Gentiles":** This concluding phrase broadens the scope of gratitude significantly. It indicates that Priscilla and Aquila's sacrifice was recognized and appreciated far beyond Paul's immediate circle. "All the churches of the Gentiles" refers to the numerous Christian congregations established throughout the Roman world, particularly those composed primarily of non-Jewish converts. Their collective thanks underscore the universal impact of Priscilla and Aquila's actions: by preserving Paul, the preeminent Apostle to the Gentiles, they ensured the continued spread of the Gospel to these communities, thus earning their widespread and heartfelt appreciation. This illustrates the interconnectedness and mutual support within the early global church.

#### Literary Devices
Romans 16:4 is rich in **Idiom** and **Metaphor**, primarily through the striking phrase "laid down their own necks." This is a vivid, ancient idiom that functions as a **Metaphor** for extreme self-sacrifice and facing mortal danger. It conjures a powerful image of someone literally offering their throat to the executioner, or placing themselves in a position of ultimate vulnerability for another's sake. The use of "necks" as a **Synecdoche** (a part representing the whole) further emphasizes that their entire lives were at risk. Paul's language also employs **Commendation** and **Eulogy**, as he publicly praises Priscilla and Aquila, not just to acknowledge their deed but to hold them up as an example of exemplary Christian devotion. The phrase "not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles" uses **Amplification** to underscore the widespread and significant impact of their actions, moving from a personal expression of gratitude to a universal one, thereby enhancing the importance of their sacrifice.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The profound sacrifice of Priscilla and Aquila, as celebrated in Romans 16:4, resonates deeply with core Christian theological tenets. Their willingness to "lay down their own necks" for Paul's life exemplifies the highest form of agape love, a love that is selfless, sacrificial, and willing to incur personal cost for the well-being of another. This act is a tangible demonstration of the interconnectedness of the body of Christ, where the safety and flourishing of one member directly impacts the health and mission of the whole. Theologically, it points to the radical call of discipleship, which often demands personal sacrifice and courage in the face of opposition, reflecting the very nature of God's love revealed in Christ. Their actions were not merely acts of human bravery but were empowered by the Spirit, enabling them to live out the radical implications of the Gospel in a dangerous world, ensuring the continued spread of the message to the Gentile world through Paul's ministry.

* [John 15:13](/john/15-13 "John 15:13 - Greater Love Has No One Than This")
* [1 John 3:16](/1_john/3-16 "1 John 3:16 - We Ought to Lay Down Our Lives for the Brothers")
* [Philippians 2:3-4](/philippians/2-3-4 "Philippians 2:3-4 - Look Not Only to Your Own Interests")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Romans 16:4 stands as a timeless challenge and encouragement for believers today. It calls us to reflect on the depth of our commitment to Christ and to one another. Priscilla and Aquila's willingness to "lay down their necks" for Paul prompts us to consider what we are truly willing to risk for the sake of the Gospel and for our brothers and sisters in faith. This might not involve literal martyrdom for most, but it certainly implies a readiness to sacrifice comfort, reputation, resources, or personal safety for the advancement of God's kingdom and the well-being of others. Furthermore, Paul's public and widespread expression of gratitude teaches us the vital importance of acknowledging and appreciating those who serve sacrificially within our communities. Recognizing and honoring such selfless acts strengthens the bonds of fellowship, encourages continued dedication, and fosters a culture of mutual support and love. This verse inspires us to cultivate a spirit of courageous devotion, active partnership in ministry, and heartfelt gratitude, recognizing that the health and vitality of the church depend on each member's willingness to serve and sacrifice for the collective good.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What does "laying down your neck" for others look like in your daily life or within your community of faith?**
* **How can you more intentionally express gratitude to those who serve sacrificially in your church or for the cause of Christ?**
* **In what ways are you called to partner with other believers in ministry, even if it involves personal cost or discomfort?**

### FAQ
**What specific danger did Priscilla and Aquila face for Paul?**

Answer: The Bible does not explicitly detail the specific incident where Priscilla and Aquila "laid down their own necks" for Paul. However, Paul faced numerous life-threatening situations during his missionary journeys. Possible scenarios include protecting him during the riot in Ephesus ([Acts 19:23-41](/acts/19-23-41 "Acts 19:23-41 - The Riot in Ephesus")), where Priscilla and Aquila were with him, or perhaps shielding him from plots against his life, such as the one mentioned in [Acts 20:3](/acts/20-3 "Acts 20:3 - Plot Against Paul's Life") in Greece. The idiom itself signifies an act of extreme, life-threatening peril, implying they either directly intervened to save him from danger or shared in a perilous situation that could have cost them their lives.

**Why would "all the churches of the Gentiles" also give thanks to Priscilla and Aquila?**

Answer: Paul was uniquely called and gifted as the Apostle to the Gentiles ([Romans 11:13](/romans/11-13 "Romans 11:13 - Paul, Apostle to the Gentiles")). His survival and continued ministry were absolutely crucial for the evangelization and establishment of Christian communities among non-Jewish peoples throughout the Roman Empire. By risking their lives to save Paul, Priscilla and Aquila effectively preserved the primary instrument through whom the Gospel was being brought to the Gentile world. Therefore, their heroic act had a direct and profound impact on the spiritual lives and growth of countless Gentile believers, earning them the collective and heartfelt gratitude of all the churches that had been founded or strengthened through Paul's ministry.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The extraordinary sacrifice of Priscilla and Aquila, who "laid down their own necks" for Paul's life, finds its ultimate and perfect fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. Their act, though profoundly commendable, serves as a human reflection of the divine, selfless love demonstrated by Christ. While they risked their lives for a fellow human, Jesus truly laid down His life, not merely to save one individual from physical peril, but to redeem all humanity from eternal death and sin ([John 10:11](/john/10-11 "John 10:11 - The Good Shepherd Lays Down His Life")). He became the ultimate Lamb of God ([John 1:29](/john/1-29 "John 1:29 - Jesus, the Lamb of God")), offering Himself as a perfect, atoning sacrifice on the cross for the sins of the world ([Romans 5:8](/romans/5-8 "Romans 5:8 - God Shows His Love For Us")). Their devotion to Paul, a servant of the Gospel, is a beautiful example of Christ-like love, empowered by the Holy Spirit, enabling believers to live out the [new commandment to love one another](/john/13-34 "John 13:34 - The New Commandment") as Christ loved them. Thus, Priscilla and Aquila's courageous act, while significant in itself, ultimately points to the infinitely greater love and sacrifice of Jesus, which secures not just physical life, but eternal life for all who believe and provides the very pattern for all Christian love and service.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Philippians 2:30

Because for the work of Christ he was nigh unto death, not regarding his life, to supply your lack of service toward me.

1 John 3:16

Hereby perceive we the love [of God], because he laid down his life for us: and we ought to lay down [our] lives for the brethren.

1 Corinthians 16:1

¶ Now concerning the collection for the saints, as I have given order to the churches of Galatia, even so do ye.

Romans 5:7

For scarcely for a righteous man will one die: yet peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die.

1 Thessalonians 2:14

For ye, brethren, became followers of the churches of God which in Judaea are in Christ Jesus: for ye also have suffered like things of your own countrymen, even as they [have] of the Jews:

John 15:13

Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.

Joshua 10:24

And it came to pass, when they brought out those kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the captains of the men of war which went with him, Come near, put your feet upon the necks of these kings. And they came near, and put their feet upon the necks of them.