Numbers 10:19

KJV

And over the host of the tribe of the children of Simeon [was] Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.

KJV (with Strong's)

And over the host {H6635} of the tribe {H4294} of the children {H1121} of Simeon {H8095} was Shelumiel {H8017} the son {H1121} of Zurishaddai {H6701}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Over the company of the tribe of the descendants of Shim'on was Shlumi'el the son of Tzurishaddai.

Berean Standard Bible

Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai was over the division of the tribe of Simeon,

American Standard Version

And over the host of the tribe of the children of Simeon was Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Numbers 10:19 meticulously names Shelumiel, son of Zurishaddai, as the divinely appointed leader over the host of the tribe of Simeon. This seemingly straightforward detail is profoundly significant within the larger narrative of Israel's meticulously orchestrated departure from Mount Sinai, underscoring God's unwavering commitment to order, structure, and designated leadership as His people embarked on their monumental journey through the wilderness toward the Promised Land. It highlights the indispensable role of every individual and tribal unit within God's comprehensive and sovereign plan for His covenant people.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Numbers 10:19 is strategically placed within the detailed account of Israel's long-anticipated departure from Mount Sinai, a pivotal moment following a year of encampment and intensive preparation. The preceding chapters (Numbers 1-9) meticulously lay out the divine blueprint for Israel's community life: the census, the precise organization of the tribes around the Tabernacle, the consecration of the Levites, and various laws and offerings. Numbers 10 specifically details the signals for departure (vv. 1-10) and then, crucially, lists the precise marching order of the tribes (vv. 11-28). Verse 19, alongside similar verses for other tribes, confirms the designated leader of Simeon's contingent, demonstrating the practical implementation of the divine organizational blueprint first articulated in [Numbers 2](/numbers/2 "Numbers 2 - The Census and Camp Arrangement"). Thus, this verse is not an isolated administrative note but an integral component of a larger, divinely orchestrated procession, emphasizing the systematic and purposeful nature of God's guidance for His people.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** At this juncture in their history, the Israelites were undergoing a profound transformation from a collection of nomadic family groups into a structured, nascent nation. They were preparing for a perilous journey through a harsh wilderness and the eventual conquest of Canaan. Their intricate organization was not merely a matter of practical logistics but held deep theological significance, reflecting the holiness and order of the God who dwelt in their midst via the Tabernacle. While ancient Near Eastern armies and large communal groups typically employed hierarchical structures, Israel's organization was unique in its divine origin and explicit purpose. The concept of "tribes" (שְׁבָטִים, _shevatim_) formed the bedrock of Israelite identity, rooted in their patriarchal lineage. Leaders, often referred to as "princes" (נְשִׂיאִים, _nesi'im_), wielded substantial authority, serving as both representatives of their tribe and enforcers of God's commands. The naming conventions, such as Shelumiel and Zurishaddai, were also culturally significant, frequently embodying prayers, theological affirmations, or hopes for the individual or family line.

* **Key Themes:** The inclusion of Numbers 10:19 contributes significantly to several overarching themes woven throughout the book of Numbers and the broader Pentateuch. Foremost is the theme of **Divine Order and Organization**, illustrating God's meticulous attention to every detail and His profound desire for a well-structured, harmonious community. This divine order was not simply for human convenience but profoundly reflected God's character as a God of peace and not confusion, a principle later affirmed in [1 Corinthians 14:33](/1_corinthians/14-33 "1 Corinthians 14:33 - God of Order"). Secondly, the verse underscores **Appointed Leadership**, demonstrating that God sovereignly raises up specific individuals to guide His people, entrusting them with significant responsibility. Shelumiel's role, mirroring that of other tribal leaders, was absolutely crucial for the effective functioning of the vast Israelite host, embodying the principle of delegated authority first seen in [Exodus 18:21](/exodus/18-21 "Exodus 18:21 - Qualities of Leaders"). Finally, it powerfully reinforces **Tribal Identity and Unity**, where each tribe, while preserving its distinct lineage and leadership, was an indispensable and integrated part of the unified nation of Israel, journeying together under God's sovereign command toward their promised inheritance.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Shelumiel (Hebrew, _Shᵉlumîyʼêl'_):** This Hebrew name, meaning "peace of God" or "my peace is God," is a theophoric name, common in ancient Israelite culture. The inclusion of "El" (God) signifies that an aspect of God's character or a prayer related to God is embedded within the name itself. Shelumiel's name would have served as a constant theological reminder, both to himself and to the tribe he led, that their ultimate peace, well-being, and stability were profoundly rooted in their relationship with the Almighty. It subtly points to the divine source of true leadership and communal harmony.
* **Zurishaddai (Hebrew, _Tsûwrîyshadday'_):** This powerful name translates to "rock of (the) Almighty." "Zur" (צוּר) means "rock," a pervasive biblical metaphor for strength, unwavering stability, and refuge. "Shaddai" (שַׁדַּי) is one of the oldest and most profound names for God, often rendered as "Almighty" or "All-Sufficient." Thus, Zurishaddai's name profoundly declares that his foundation, strength, and security are found exclusively in God Almighty. This lineage, therefore, reinforces the critical idea that the leaders of Israel were to be grounded in divine power and faithfulness, not merely human might or political acumen.
* **Host (Hebrew, _tsâbâʼ'_):** The Hebrew term _tsâbâʼ_ refers to a mass of persons, often specifically organized for war, an army, or a company. In this particular context, it emphasizes the highly organized, disciplined, and ready-for-action nature of the tribal contingents. The Israelites were not merely a disorganized multitude but a divinely ordered "host," capable of coordinated marching, orderly encampment, and, when necessary, engaging in battle. This term underscores the practical and strategic necessity of the meticulous leadership structure being described.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And over the host of the tribe of the children of Simeon":** This initial phrase precisely identifies the specific group being discussed within the larger Israelite assembly. "The host" (צָבָא, _tsâbâʼ_) indicates a structured, organized body, implying military readiness and disciplined movement. "The tribe of the children of Simeon" specifies one of the twelve distinct tribes of Israel, highlighting its unique identity and lineage within the unified nation. This meticulous identification underscores the precision and comprehensiveness of God's organizational plan, where every unit, regardless of its size, had its designated place and appointed leader.
* **"[was] Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai":** This clause names the specific individual who was appointed as the leader or "prince" (נָשִׂיא, _nasi_ – though not explicitly used in this verse, it is the common title for these tribal heads elsewhere, e.g., [Numbers 1:5-15](/numbers/1-5-15 "Numbers 1:5-15 - Tribal Leaders")) of Simeon's host. The inclusion of his father's name, Zurishaddai, serves to establish his lineage and inherent authority, which was often hereditary or recognized within the established tribal structure. The profound meanings embedded in both Shelumiel's and Zurishaddai's names, as discussed previously, subtly reinforce the divine backing and spiritual foundation of this crucial leadership role.

#### Literary Devices
Numbers 10:19, as an integral part of a larger, comprehensive list, primarily employs **Enumeration** and **Cataloging**. This systematic listing of tribal leaders and their respective "hosts" serves to powerfully emphasize the completeness and meticulous nature of the divine organization. Each entry, including this specific one for Simeon, adheres to a consistent pattern, thereby reinforcing the pervasive theme of divine order and the comprehensive scope of God's overarching plan. The strategic use of **Theonymic Names** (names that incorporate divine elements, such as "El" or "Shaddai") for both Shelumiel and Zurishaddai also functions as a subtle yet potent literary device. These names are not merely identifiers but rather miniature theological statements, embedding core beliefs about God's character (His peace, His steadfastness as a rock, His omnipotence as the Almighty) directly into the fabric of the narrative and the very identity of the leaders. This adds a profound layer of spiritual depth to what might otherwise appear to be a dry administrative or genealogical record.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Numbers 10:19, while a specific administrative detail, resonates with profound theological truths that transcend its immediate context. It powerfully exemplifies God's character as a God of perfect order, not chaos. His meticulous organization of Israel, down to the specific leaders of each tribal host, reveals His intentionality, foresight, and comprehensive care for His covenant people. This divine blueprint for communal life underscores that structure, accountability, and divinely appointed leadership are not merely human constructs but rather divinely sanctioned principles essential for the flourishing of any collective, especially one called to represent God's holiness and purposes on earth. The names Shelumiel ("My peace is God") and Zurishaddai ("My rock is Shaddai") further infuse this administrative detail with deep spiritual meaning, serving as a timeless reminder that true peace and enduring strength for leadership, and indeed for life itself, are found solely in God Almighty. This verse, therefore, stands as a testament to God's sovereign hand in establishing and guiding His covenant people, preparing them for their arduous journey and their ultimate redemptive purpose.

* [1 Corinthians 14:33](/1_corinthians/14-33 "God of Order")
* [Exodus 18:21](/exodus/18-21 "Qualities of Leaders")
* [Numbers 2:1-34](/numbers/2 "The Camp Arrangement")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Numbers 10:19, though seemingly a minor administrative detail within a lengthy historical account, offers profound and enduring insights for contemporary believers. It serves as a powerful reminder that God is a God of intricate order, not only in the grand cosmic scheme of creation but also in the minute, practical details of our lives and communities. Just as He meticulously organized ancient Israel for their wilderness journey, He desires order, purpose, and clear, Spirit-led leadership within the church and our personal lives today. This verse challenges us to thoughtfully consider how we embrace structure, accountability, and delegated authority, recognizing that these are often the very channels through which God's peace, effectiveness, and blessing flow. Furthermore, the profound significance embedded in Shelumiel's and Zurishaddai's names serves as a powerful and personal reminder that our true identity, our deepest peace, and our ultimate strength are found in God alone. We are called to live out our faith grounded firmly in Him, trusting Him implicitly as our ultimate source of peace and our unshakable rock, regardless of our assigned "host" or specific role in life. Every detail of our existence, much like every detail of Israel's journey, remains under His watchful eye and purposeful direction.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does God's emphasis on meticulous order in Numbers challenge our own tendencies towards chaos, disorganization, or a lack of intentionality in our personal lives or communal endeavors?**
* **In what tangible ways do the meanings of Shelumiel's ("My peace is God") and Zurishaddai's ("My rock is Shaddai") names resonate with your own identity and serve as a source of strength and security in your relationship with God?**
* **Considering the divine appointment of leaders in Israel, how can we better honor, support, and pray for the leaders God has placed over us in our churches, workplaces, or families, recognizing their divinely appointed roles and responsibilities?**

### FAQ

**Why is this verse, seemingly just a name and lineage, included in divinely inspired Scripture?**

Answer: This verse is far more than a mere administrative listing; it is an essential part of God's divinely inspired record of His people. Its inclusion underscores several key principles vital for understanding God's character and His ways with humanity. Firstly, it highlights God's meticulous attention to detail and His profound desire for order and structure within His covenant community. Every tribe, every leader, and every position had a specific, divinely ordained purpose in His grand plan for Israel's journey and formation as a holy nation. Secondly, it emphasizes the critical importance of divinely appointed leadership. Shelumiel was not chosen randomly but was the recognized "prince" of Simeon, a role absolutely critical for the organization, administration, and spiritual well-being of his tribe. These verses confirm that the detailed instructions given in [Numbers 1](/numbers/1 "Numbers 1 - The Census") and [Numbers 2](/numbers/2 "Numbers 2 - The Camp Arrangement") were indeed implemented with precision. Finally, it reinforces the reality that God actively works through specific individuals and their lineages, demonstrating His personal engagement with His people at every level, even down to the individual leader mentioned in [Numbers 10:19](/numbers/10-19 "Numbers 10:19 - Shelumiel, Leader of Simeon").

**What was the significance of tribal leaders like Shelumiel in ancient Israel?**

Answer: Tribal leaders, often referred to as "princes" (נְשִׂיאִים, _nesi'im_), held immense and multifaceted significance in ancient Israel. They were not just ceremonial figureheads but vital administrators, representatives, and spiritual guides. Their responsibilities included:
* **Representation:** They served as the primary representatives of their tribe before Moses, Aaron, and ultimately, before God Himself. They participated in crucial decisions, presented offerings on behalf of their tribe, and were involved in the allocation of resources.
* **Organization and Administration:** They bore the weighty responsibility for the internal organization of their tribe, including maintaining the census records, ensuring military readiness (as powerfully implied by the term "host" in [Numbers 10:19](/numbers/10-19 "Numbers 10:19 - Shelumiel, Leader of Simeon")), and ensuring the tribe's adherence to the intricate Mosaic Law.
* **Judicial Authority:** They frequently served as judges, resolving disputes and administering justice within their tribal jurisdiction, as exemplified in passages like [Exodus 18:21-22](/exodus/18-21 "Exodus 18:21-22 - Appointing Judges").
* **Spiritual Guidance:** While priests and Levites held specific cultic and teaching duties, tribal leaders also played a crucial role in guiding their people in faithfulness to the covenant, ensuring that divine commands were followed in daily life and during significant national events like the wilderness journey. Their leadership was absolutely crucial for maintaining unity, order, and spiritual integrity among the vast assembly of Israelites.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Numbers 10:19, with its profound emphasis on divine order, appointed leadership, and the deeply meaningful names of Shelumiel ("My peace is God") and Zurishaddai ("My rock is Shaddai"), finds its ultimate and perfect fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The meticulous organization of Israel's wilderness journey, with each tribe having its designated place and leader, powerfully foreshadows the perfect and divine order of God's redemptive plan, a plan that culminates entirely in Christ. Jesus is the ultimate and perfect leader, the true "Prince of Peace" ([Isaiah 9:6](/isaiah/9-6 "Isaiah 9:6 - Prince of Peace")) who brings a profound and lasting peace to all who trust in Him, a peace that far surpasses any earthly arrangement or human organization ([John 14:27](/john/14-27 "John 14:27 - Jesus' Gift of Peace")). He is also the unshakable "Rock" upon whom His church is built ([Matthew 16:18](/matthew/16-18 "Matthew 16:18 - Peter's Confession and the Church")), providing an eternal, unyielding, and secure foundation for all who believe ([1 Corinthians 10:4](/1_corinthians/10-4 "1 Corinthians 10:4 - Christ, the Spiritual Rock")). The wilderness journey of ancient Israel, guided by divinely appointed leaders like Shelumiel, points forward to the Christian life as a spiritual pilgrimage, where believers, as the new Israel, are led by Christ through the wilderness of this world towards the heavenly Promised Land, the eternal rest of God ([Hebrews 4:9-11](/hebrews/4-9 "Hebrews 4:9-11 - The Rest of God")). In the New Covenant, every believer, regardless of earthly tribe or status, is given a unique place and divine purpose within the body of Christ, perfectly organized, empowered by the Holy Spirit, and growing up into the headship of Jesus ([Ephesians 4:15-16](/ephesians/4-15 "Ephesians 4:15-16 - Growing Up into Christ")). Thus, Shelumiel's leadership, rooted in God's peace and strength, serves as a beautiful, albeit partial, picture of the comprehensive, perfect, and eternally sufficient leadership of our Savior, Jesus Christ.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Numbers 1:6

Of Simeon; Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.

Numbers 7:36

On the fifth day Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai, prince of the children of Simeon, [did offer]: