Judges 16:16

KJV

And it came to pass, when she pressed him daily with her words, and urged him, [so] that his soul was vexed unto death;

KJV (with Strong's)

And it came to pass, when she pressed {H6693} him daily {H3117} with her words {H1697}, and urged {H509} him, so that his soul {H5315} was vexed {H7114} unto death {H4191};

Complete Jewish Bible

Every day she kept nagging at him and pressing at him, till it bothered him to death,

Berean Standard Bible

Finally, after she had pressed him daily with her words and pleaded until he was sick to death,

American Standard Version

And it came to pass, when she pressed him daily with her words, and urged him, that his soul was vexed unto death.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Judges 16:16 marks the climactic moment in Delilah's relentless psychological assault on Samson, depicting his utter exhaustion and despair. After multiple failed attempts to extract the secret of his strength, Delilah's persistent verbal badgering and emotional manipulation finally break Samson's resolve, pushing him to a point of profound mental and emotional anguish that feels like death itself. This verse sets the stage for his ultimate betrayal and the tragic loss of his divine power, underscoring the insidious power of unyielding temptation and the devastating consequences of yielding to relentless pressure.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Judges 16:16 is situated within the tragic final act of Samson's narrative, specifically detailing the escalating conflict between him and Delilah. The preceding verses (Judges 16:4-15) establish Delilah's role as a Philistine agent, bribed to discover the source of Samson's strength. She makes three unsuccessful attempts to trick him, each time testing his strength based on his false revelations. This verse, Judges 16:16, describes the transition from physical trickery to intense psychological warfare, revealing Delilah's cunning and Samson's growing weariness. It immediately precedes Samson's capitulation and the subsequent cutting of his hair, which leads to his capture and humiliation by the Philistines, as recounted in [Judges 16:18-21](/judges/16-18 "Judges 16:18-21 - Samson's Capture"). The narrative arc of Samson, from his miraculous birth and Nazirite vow in [Judges 13](/judges/13 "Judges 13 - The Birth of Samson") to his self-destructive choices and ultimate demise, serves as a cautionary tale within the broader cycle of apostasy and deliverance in the [Book of Judges](/judges/1 "The Book of Judges - Cycles of Disobedience and Deliverance").
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The period of the Judges (roughly 12th-11th centuries BCE) was a turbulent time for Israel, marked by a lack of central leadership ("every man did that which was right in his own eyes" - [Judges 21:25](/judges/21-25 "Judges 21:25 - No King in Israel")). Israel was under the oppression of various surrounding nations, including the Philistines, a technologically advanced and militarily superior people who controlled the coastal plains. Samson was raised as a Nazirite, a vow of dedication to God that included abstaining from wine, not cutting one's hair, and avoiding contact with dead bodies (as detailed in [Numbers 6](/numbers/6 "Numbers 6 - The Nazirite Vow")). This vow was the external sign of his divine empowerment. Delilah, likely a Philistine woman from the Valley of Sorek, represents the seductive and manipulative forces of the enemy. Her actions reflect the cultural practice of using women as agents in espionage or political intrigue, and the Philistine lords' willingness to pay a substantial sum ([Judges 16:5](/judges/16-5 "Judges 16:5 - Delilah's Bribe")) highlights the strategic importance of neutralizing Samson, who was a significant threat to their dominance.
* **Key Themes:** Judges 16:16 powerfully contributes to several overarching themes in Samson's story and the [Book of Judges](/judges/1 "The Book of Judges - Cycles of Disobedience and Deliverance"). Firstly, it illustrates **The Insidiousness of Persistent Temptation**, showing how continuous, subtle, and emotionally manipulative pressure can wear down even divinely endowed strength. Delilah's "daily" pressing highlights that compromise often results not from a single, dramatic fall, but a gradual erosion of boundaries and resolve. Secondly, the verse underscores **The Vulnerability of the Spiritually Strong**. Despite Samson's unparalleled physical might and divine calling as a deliverer, he proved deeply susceptible to emotional and relational pressure, demonstrating that spiritual gifts do not inherently grant immunity from personal weaknesses or the corrosive effects of persistent temptation. His failure to guard his heart and his sacred vow, despite repeated warnings, is a tragic testament to this vulnerability. Finally, it foreshadows the **Consequences of Compromise and Betrayal**, as Samson's vexation leads directly to the disclosure of his secret, the breaking of his Nazirite vow, and the loss of his strength, culminating in his capture and humiliation ([Judges 16:21](/judges/16-21 "Judges 16:21 - Samson's Capture and Blinding")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Pressed (Hebrew, _laḥats'_):** The Hebrew verb `laḥats` (לָחַץ) literally means "to press," "to squeeze," "to oppress," or "to crush." In this context, it describes Delilah's relentless and forceful verbal and emotional pressure on Samson. It's not a gentle persuasion but an intense, burdensome, and suffocating kind of insistence. This word conveys the feeling of being cornered or suffocated by another's demands, highlighting the psychological torment Samson endured as Delilah applied constant, unyielding pressure, much like a physical weight pressing down on him.
* **Vexed (Hebrew, _qatsar'_):** The Hebrew verb `qatsar` (קָצַר) means "to be short," "to be impatient," or "to be vexed." When used in the idiom "soul was vexed," it signifies a profound state of being "short of spirit" or "short of patience." It implies an extreme weariness, exasperation, and a sense of being utterly fed up or at the end of one's rope. This is not mere annoyance but a deep, debilitating emotional and mental exhaustion, where one's capacity to endure or resist has been completely diminished, leading to a desperate longing for relief from the torment.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And it came to pass, when she pressed him daily with her words":** This clause highlights the method and persistence of Delilah's attack. "Daily" emphasizes the relentless, unceasing nature of her badgering. Her "words" were the weapon, indicating a campaign of verbal manipulation, emotional blackmail, and incessant nagging rather than physical coercion. This continuous psychological assault chipped away at Samson's resolve, demonstrating the power of consistent, negative influence.
* **"and urged him":** This phrase intensifies the preceding one, underscoring the aggressive and insistent nature of Delilah's pressure. The Hebrew term implies a sense of loathing or weariness that Samson began to feel due to her persistent demands. It suggests that Delilah's urging was not just persuasive but became increasingly repugnant and burdensome to Samson, pushing him further into a state of mental distress.
* **"[so] that his soul was vexed unto death":** This is the devastating consequence of Delilah's actions. "His soul" (Hebrew: `nephesh`) refers to his entire being—his mind, emotions, and inner spirit. To be "vexed unto death" is a powerful hyperbole, signifying an extreme level of mental and emotional anguish, not necessarily a literal desire for physical death, but a profound yearning for an end to the unbearable torment and pressure. It describes a breaking point where Samson's spirit was utterly exhausted and tormented, leaving him drained of all resistance.

#### Literary Devices
Judges 16:16 masterfully employs several literary devices to convey the intensity of Samson's plight. **Repetition** is evident in the phrase "pressed him daily," emphasizing the relentless, unceasing nature of Delilah's psychological assault. This daily pressure highlights the insidious way temptation often works, not through a single, dramatic event, but through a constant, chipping-away process. **Hyperbole** is powerfully used in "vexed unto death," which vividly expresses the extreme emotional and mental anguish Samson experienced. While not a literal death wish, it conveys the profound despair and exhaustion that pushed him to his breaking point. This phrase also serves as a form of **Psychological Warfare**, illustrating Delilah's deliberate and effective strategy to wear down Samson's will through emotional manipulation rather than brute force. The verse also functions as a crucial moment of **Foreshadowing**, signaling that Samson's resistance is about to collapse, setting the stage for the tragic revelation of his secret and his subsequent capture.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Judges 16:16 serves as a profound theological warning about the dangers of persistent temptation and the critical importance of guarding one's heart and commitments. Samson, despite being uniquely empowered by God, succumbed to relentless emotional pressure, demonstrating that even those with great spiritual gifts are vulnerable to personal weaknesses and the corrosive effects of unyielding external influence. His capitulation underscores the truth that spiritual battles are often fought not on grand battlefields, but in the quiet, daily grind of resisting internal desires and external pressures. The verse highlights how compromise, once entertained, can lead to a downward spiral, culminating in the loss of one's calling and freedom. It compels believers to recognize their own vulnerabilities and to seek divine strength to withstand the "daily" pressures that seek to undermine their faith and integrity.

* [Proverbs 4:23](/proverbs/4-23 "Proverbs 4:23 - Guard Your Heart")
* [James 1:14-15](/james/1-14 "James 1:14-15 - Temptation and Sin")
* [1 Corinthians 10:13](/1_corinthians/10-13 "1 Corinthians 10:13 - God Provides a Way of Escape")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Samson's experience in Judges 16:16 is a stark reminder that even the strongest among us can be worn down by persistent pressure, especially when it comes from those we allow into our inner circle. His "vexation unto death" speaks to the profound toll that emotional manipulation, nagging, or relentless temptation can take on one's spirit, leading to a state of utter exhaustion and a desire for relief at any cost. For us today, this verse calls for vigilance against the subtle, daily pressures that seek to compromise our values, commitments, or spiritual walk. It challenges us to identify our own points of vulnerability—whether it's a desire for approval, comfort, or peace at any price—and to establish clear boundaries. It underscores the importance of surrounding ourselves with those who build us up in our faith, rather than those who consistently try to tear down our resolve. Ultimately, Samson's story urges us to rely on God's strength when our own is depleted, to seek wisdom to discern manipulative tactics, and to prioritize our spiritual integrity above temporary relief from pressure.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What "daily pressures" or persistent temptations are currently vexing your soul, and how are you responding to them?**
* **Where are your personal vulnerabilities that, like Samson's, could be exploited by persistent emotional or spiritual pressure?**
* **How can you proactively guard your heart and mind against manipulative influences, both external and internal?**
* **In moments of extreme spiritual or emotional exhaustion, where do you turn for true relief and renewed strength?**

### FAQ
**What does "vexed unto death" truly mean in this context?**

Answer: "Vexed unto death" (Hebrew: `qatsar nephesh ad mavet`) is a powerful hyperbolic expression that signifies an extreme state of mental, emotional, and spiritual anguish, rather than a literal desire for physical death. The Hebrew word `qatsar` means "to be short" or "impatient," so "shortness of soul" implies a profound exhaustion, an utter lack of patience or endurance, and a spirit that has been completely worn down. Samson was not necessarily suicidal, but he was so tormented by Delilah's relentless pressure that he longed for any form of relief, even if it meant compromising his sacred vow and facing dire consequences. It describes a breaking point where his internal resistance collapsed due to overwhelming and sustained psychological torment.

**Why was Samson, a divinely empowered judge, so vulnerable to Delilah's emotional manipulation?**

Answer: Samson's vulnerability stemmed from a combination of factors, primarily his consistent moral failings and his repeated disregard for his Nazirite vow, which was meant to set him apart for God's purposes ([Numbers 6:1-21](/numbers/6-1 "Numbers 6:1-21 - The Nazirite Vow")). Despite his physical strength, Samson consistently demonstrated a lack of self-control and a weakness for Philistine women, starting with his marriage in [Judges 14](/judges/14 "Judges 14 - Samson's Marriage")). His relationship with Delilah was another manifestation of this pattern. While divinely empowered, Samson was not immune to human weaknesses, particularly his lust and impulsiveness. Delilah expertly exploited these vulnerabilities, using emotional manipulation and persistence to wear down his already compromised spiritual defenses. His story serves as a cautionary tale that spiritual gifts do not negate the need for personal discipline and integrity.

**How can believers today guard against similar persistent pressures and temptations?**

Answer: Believers can guard against persistent pressures by cultivating spiritual disciplines, setting clear boundaries, and seeking strength in God. Firstly, **spiritual discipline** through consistent prayer, Bible study, and fellowship strengthens one's inner resolve and discernment, as taught in [Ephesians 6:10-18](/ephesians/6-10 "Ephesians 6:10-18 - The Armor of God")). Secondly, **setting clear boundaries** in relationships and commitments is crucial to prevent others from exerting undue or harmful pressure. This involves learning to say "no" and protecting one's emotional and spiritual space. Thirdly, **relying on God's strength** is paramount. When feeling "vexed unto death," turning to God in prayer and trusting in His promise to provide a way of escape from temptation ([1 Corinthians 10:13](/1_corinthians/10-13 "1 Corinthians 10:13 - God Provides a Way of Escape")) is essential. Recognizing one's own vulnerabilities and seeking accountability from trusted spiritual mentors can also provide vital support and wisdom.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Samson's tragic capitulation in Judges 16:16, where his soul was "vexed unto death" by relentless temptation, stands in stark contrast to the perfect steadfastness of Jesus Christ. While Samson, the divinely empowered deliverer, succumbed to the pressure of a manipulative woman and compromised his sacred vow, Jesus, the ultimate Deliverer and true Nazirite, faced far greater temptation and remained unyielding. In the wilderness, Jesus endured forty days of intense temptation by Satan himself ([Matthew 4:1-11](/matthew/4-1 "Matthew 4:1-11 - The Temptation of Jesus")), yet He resisted every subtle and overt attack with the Word of God. Later, in the Garden of Gethsemane, His soul was indeed "very sorrowful, even unto death" ([Matthew 26:38](/matthew/26-38 "Matthew 26:38 - Jesus' Anguish in Gethsemane")), as He contemplated the crushing weight of the world's sin and the impending crucifixion. Yet, unlike Samson, Jesus did not yield to the pressure to avoid His divine calling. He perfectly fulfilled His Father's will, enduring the ultimate vexation and death on the cross to secure our deliverance from sin and its power. Where Samson's strength failed, Christ's perfect obedience triumphed, offering a way for us to overcome the very pressures that led to Samson's downfall, knowing that we have a High Priest who can sympathize with our weaknesses, having been tempted in every way, yet without sin ([Hebrews 4:15](/hebrews/4-15 "Hebrews 4:15 - Jesus, Our Sympathetic High Priest")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Proverbs 7:21

With her much fair speech she caused him to yield, with the flattering of her lips she forced him.

Proverbs 7:23

Till a dart strike through his liver; as a bird hasteth to the snare, and knoweth not that it [is] for his life.

Jonah 4:9

And God said to Jonah, Doest thou well to be angry for the gourd? And he said, I do well to be angry, [even] unto death.

Mark 14:24

And he said unto them, This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many.

Luke 11:8

I say unto you, Though he will not rise and give him, because he is his friend, yet because of his importunity he will rise and give him as many as he needeth.

Luke 18:5

Yet because this widow troubleth me, I will avenge her, lest by her continual coming she weary me.

Job 21:4

As for me, [is] my complaint to man? and if [it were so], why should not my spirit be troubled?