TRV
Translation
King James Version
And out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with her suburbs, Abdon with her suburbs,
Complete Jewish Bible
Out of the tribe of Asher: Mishal with its surrounding open land, 'Avdon with its surrounding open land,
American Standard Version
And out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with its suburbs, Abdon with its suburbs,
World English Bible Messianic
Out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with its suburbs, Abdon with its suburbs,
Geneva Bible (1599)
And out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with her suburbes, Abdon with her suburbes,
Young's Literal Translation
And out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal and its suburbs, Abdon and its suburbs,
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In the KJVVerse 6,412 of 31,102
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Commentary on Joshua 21 verses 9–42
9 ¶ And they gave out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, these cities which are here mentioned by name,
10 Which the children of Aaron, being of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi, had: for theirs was the first lot.
11 And they gave them the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron, in the hill country of Judah, with the suburbs thereof round about it.
12 But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, gave they to Caleb the son of Jephunneh for his possession.
13 Thus they gave to the children of Aaron the priest Hebron with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Libnah with her suburbs,
14 And Jattir with her suburbs, and Eshtemoa with her suburbs,
15 And Holon with her suburbs, and Debir with her suburbs,
16 And Ain with her suburbs, and Juttah with her suburbs, and Bethshemesh with her suburbs; nine cities out of those two tribes.
17 And out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with her suburbs, Geba with her suburbs,
18 Anathoth with her suburbs, and Almon with her suburbs; four cities.
19 All the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen cities with their suburbs.
20 And the families of the children of Kohath, the Levites which remained of the children of Kohath, even they had the cities of their lot out of the tribe of Ephraim.
21 For they gave them Shechem with her suburbs in mount Ephraim, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Gezer with her suburbs,
22 And Kibzaim with her suburbs, and Bethhoron with her suburbs; four cities.
23 And out of the tribe of Dan, Eltekeh with her suburbs, Gibbethon with her suburbs,
24 Aijalon with her suburbs, Gathrimmon with her suburbs; four cities.
25 And out of the half tribe of Manasseh, Tanach with her suburbs, and Gathrimmon with her suburbs; two cities.
26 All the cities were ten with their suburbs for the families of the children of Kohath that remained.
27 And unto the children of Gershon, of the families of the Levites, out of the other half tribe of Manasseh they gave Golan in Bashan with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Beeshterah with her suburbs; two cities.
28 And out of the tribe of Issachar, Kishon with her suburbs, Dabareh with her suburbs,
29 Jarmuth with her suburbs, Engannim with her suburbs; four cities.
30 And out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with her suburbs, Abdon with her suburbs,
31 Helkath with her suburbs, and Rehob with her suburbs; four cities.
32 And out of the tribe of Naphtali, Kedesh in Galilee with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Hammothdor with her suburbs, and Kartan with her suburbs; three cities.
33 All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families were thirteen cities with their suburbs.
34 And unto the families of the children of Merari, the rest of the Levites, out of the tribe of Zebulun, Jokneam with her suburbs, and Kartah with her suburbs,
35 Dimnah with her suburbs, Nahalal with her suburbs; four cities.
36 And out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer with her suburbs, and Jahazah with her suburbs,
37 Kedemoth with her suburbs, and Mephaath with her suburbs; four cities.
38 And out of the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Mahanaim with her suburbs,
39 Heshbon with her suburbs, Jazer with her suburbs; four cities in all.
40 So all the cities for the children of Merari by their families, which were remaining of the families of the Levites, were by their lot twelve cities.
41 All the cities of the Levites within the possession of the children of Israel were forty and eight cities with their suburbs.
42 These cities were every one with their suburbs round about them: thus were all these cities.
We have here a particular account of the cities which were given to the children of Levi out of the several tribes, not only to be occupied and inhabited by them, as tenants to the several tribes in which they lay - no, their interest in them was not dependent and precarious, but to be owned and possessed by them as lords and proprietors, and as having the same title to them that the rest of the tribes had to their cities or lands, as appears by the law which preserved the house in the Levites' cities from being alienated any longer than till the year of jubilee, Lev 25:32, Lev 25:33. Yet it is probable that the Levites having only the cities and suburbs, while the land about pertained to the tribes in which they lay, those of that tribe, for the convenience of occupying that land, might commonly rent houses of the Levites, as they could spare them in their cities, and so live among them as their tenants. Several things may be observed in this account, besides what was observed in the law concerning it, Num. 35.
I. That the Levites were dispersed into all the tribes, and not suffered to live all together in any one part of the country. This would find them all with work, and employ them all for the good of others; for ministers, of all people, must neither be idle nor live to themselves or to one another only. Christ left his twelve disciples together in a body, but left orders that they should in due time disperse themselves, that they might preach the gospel to every creature. The mixing of the Levites thus with the other tribes would be an obligation upon them to walk circumspectly, and as became their sacred function, and to avoid every thing that might disgrace it. Had they lived all together, they would have been tempted to wink at one another's faults, and to excuse one another when they did amiss; but by this means they were made to see the eyes of all Israel upon them, and therefore saw it their concern to walk so as that their ministry might in nothing be blamed nor their high character suffer by their ill carriage.
II. That every tribe of Israel was adorned and enriched with its share of Levites' cities in proportion to its compass, even those that lay most remote. They were all God's people, and therefore they all had Levites among them. 1. To show kindness to, as God appointed them, Deu 12:19; Deu 14:29. They were God's receivers, to whom the people might give their grateful acknowledgments of God's goodness, as the occasion and disposition were. 2. To receive advice and instruction from; when they could not go up to the tabernacle, to consult those who attended there, they might go to a Levites' city, and be taught the good knowledge of the Lord. Thus God set up a candle in every room of his house, to give light to all his family; as those that attended the altar kept the charge of the Lord, to see that no divine appointment was neglected there, so those that were scattered in the country had their charge too, which was to see that no idolatrous superstitious usages were introduced at a distance and to watch for the souls of God's Israel. Thus did God graciously provide for the keeping up of religion among them, and that they might have the word nigh them; yet, blessed be God, we, under the gospel, have it yet nigher, not only Levites in every county, but Levites in every parish, whose office it is still to teach the people knowledge, and to go before them in the things of God.
III. That there were thirteen cities, and those some of the best, appointed for the priests, the sons of Aaron, Jos 21:19. Aaron left but two sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, yet his family was now so much increased, and it was foreseen that it would in process of time grow so numerous, as to replenish all these cities, though a considerable number must of necessity be resident wherever the ark and the altar were. We read in both Testaments of such numbers of priests that we may suppose none of all the families of Israel that came out of Egypt increased afterwards so much as that of Aaron did; and the promise afterwards to the house of Aaron is, God shall increase you more and more, you and your children, Psa 115:12, Psa 115:14. He will raise up a seed to serve him.
IV. That some of the Levites' cities were afterwards famous upon other accounts. Hebron was the city in which David began his reign, and in Manhanaim, another Levites' city (Jos 21:38), he lay, and had his headquarters when he fled from Absalom. The first Israelite that ever wore the title of king (namely, Abimelech, the son of Gideon) reigned in Shechem, another Levites' city, Jos 21:21.
V. That the number of them in all was more than of most of the tribes, except Judah, though the tribe of Levi was one of the least of the tribes, to show how liberal God is, and his people should be, to his ministers; yet the disproportion will not appear so great as at first it seems, if we consider that the Levites had cities only with their suburbs to dwell in, but the rest of the tribes, besides their cities (and those perhaps were many more than are named in the account of their lot), had many unwalled towns and villages which they inhabited, besides country houses.
Upon the whole, it appears that effectual care was taken that the Levites should live both comfortably and usefully: and those, whether ministers or others, for whom Providence has done well, must look upon themselves as obliged thereby to do good, and, according as their capacity and opportunity are, to serve their generation.
Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 9–42. Public domain.
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Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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SUMMARY
Joshua 21:30 meticulously records the allocation of two specific cities, Mishal and Abdon, along with their essential pasturelands, from the tribal territory of Asher to the Gershonite clan of the Levites. This verse is an integral part of a comprehensive divine distribution of forty-eight cities throughout the Promised Land, ensuring that the Levites, who received no tribal land inheritance, were strategically dispersed among the Israelite tribes. This arrangement enabled them to fulfill their sacred duties as spiritual instructors, guardians of the Law, and caretakers of the Tabernacle, profoundly underscoring God's unwavering faithfulness in providing for His consecrated servants and the meticulous order of His covenantal promises.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
The primary literary device at play in Joshua 21:30, and indeed throughout the entire chapter, is Catalogue or List. The meticulous enumeration of cities and their associated pasturelands serves a crucial theological purpose: to document and confirm the complete fulfillment of God's commands regarding the Levites' inheritance. This detailed listing provides irrefutable evidence of God's faithfulness and Israel's obedience in establishing the divinely ordained structure of their nation. Additionally, the Repetition of the phrase "with her suburbs" (or similar phrasing throughout the chapter, such as "and their common-land") underscores the comprehensive nature of the Levites' provision, emphasizing that their allocation included not just dwelling places but also the necessary means of sustenance. This repetition also contributes to the sense of thoroughness and divine order that permeates the entire chapter. The chapter as a whole functions as a Fulfillment Narrative, demonstrating how God's promises, articulated in earlier books like Numbers, are brought to fruition in the conquest and settlement of Canaan, thereby validating the divine authorship and reliability of the covenant.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Joshua 21:30, as part of the detailed record of Levite cities, profoundly illustrates God's meticulous faithfulness and comprehensive provision for His people and His appointed servants. It showcases a divine order that undergirds the entire nation of Israel, ensuring that spiritual leadership and the knowledge of God's Law were accessible throughout the land. The Levites, though without a tribal land inheritance, were sustained directly by God's command through the other tribes, highlighting a principle of mutual dependence and communal support within the covenant community. This arrangement ensured that those dedicated to spiritual service could focus on their calling, while the entire nation benefited from their presence and instruction, fostering a society rooted in divine truth and worship. This divine provision for the Levites also foreshadows God's care for those who serve Him in every generation, ensuring that His work continues through those consecrated to His purposes.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
This seemingly dry list of cities in Joshua 21:30 carries profound implications for our understanding of God's character and our role as His people today. It reveals a God who is not only grand in His sweeping redemptive plans but also meticulous in His attention to every detail, ensuring the practical needs of His servants are met so they can fulfill their sacred calling. Just as the tribes were commanded to provide for the Levites, there is a timeless principle of supporting those who dedicate their lives to spiritual service and teaching within the church today, enabling them to focus on their divine mandate without undue worldly distraction. This support can take many forms, from financial provision to prayer and practical assistance. Furthermore, the strategic scattering of the Levites throughout Israel emphasizes the importance of the presence of God's Word and spiritual guidance within every community. For us, this means that the church is called to be a visible, active, and accessible presence in its surrounding communities, bringing the light of the Gospel and the truth of God's Word to all, fostering discipleship and spiritual growth wherever people live. It encourages us to trust in God's comprehensive provision for all our needs as we faithfully serve Him, knowing He oversees even the "suburbs" of our lives.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why are these detailed lists of cities, like those in Joshua 21:30, included in the Bible?
Answer: These detailed lists are far from mere historical records; they serve several crucial theological purposes. Firstly, they provide tangible proof of God's faithfulness in fulfilling His covenant promises to Israel, specifically His pledge to give them the land of Canaan and to provide for the Levites. The meticulousness of the record underscores the divine order and precision in the establishment of the nation, demonstrating that God's word is reliable and true. Secondly, the distribution of Levite cities throughout all tribal territories highlights the strategic importance of spiritual leadership and the accessibility of God's Law to every segment of Israelite society. It demonstrates God's desire for His people to be continually discipled and guided in His ways. Finally, these lists confirm the legitimacy and authority of the Levites' role, showing that their provision and placement were divinely ordained, not merely human arrangements. They are a testament to God's comprehensive plan for His people, ensuring their spiritual and physical well-being.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Joshua 21:30 details the provision for the Old Testament Levites, it powerfully foreshadows the comprehensive provision and ultimate fulfillment found in Jesus Christ. The Levites, though scattered throughout Israel, served as mediators, teachers, and caretakers of the Tabernacle, pointing to the need for God's presence and instruction among His people. This finds its ultimate reality in Christ, who is the true and perfect mediator between God and humanity (1 Timothy 2:5), the embodiment of God's Word made flesh (John 1:1, John 1:14), and the very presence of God dwelling among us (Immanuel, Matthew 1:23). Just as the Levites had no earthly inheritance but the Lord himself (Numbers 18:20), believers in Christ find their ultimate inheritance not in land or material possessions, but in Christ Himself (Ephesians 1:11) and the spiritual blessings He bestows. Furthermore, the strategic scattering of the Levites across Israel to bring spiritual guidance prefigures the Great Commission, where Christ sends His disciples, the church, into all the world (Matthew 28:19-20) to be His witnesses (Acts 1:8), making God's truth and presence known to every nation, tribe, and tongue, fulfilling the ultimate purpose of God's redemptive plan through the global body of Christ.