Joshua 17:4

Context

Joshua 17:4 is situated within the narrative of the division of the land of Canaan among the Israelite tribes, specifically detailing the inheritance for the tribe of Manasseh. This particular verse highlights a unique and significant case concerning the five daughters of Zelophehad (Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah), who had no brothers. Their request for an inheritance among their father's brethren was initially brought before Moses, Eleazar the priest, and the leaders of the congregation in the wilderness, as recorded in Numbers 27. This verse in Joshua shows the fulfillment of that divine decree under Joshua's leadership as the land distribution proceeds after the conquest of Canaan.

Key Themes

• Divine Command and Faithfulness: The verse explicitly states, "The LORD commanded Moses to give us an inheritance." This underscores the principle that the land distribution was not arbitrary but rooted in God's specific instructions. Joshua and Eleazar demonstrate faithfulness by upholding this long-standing divine commandment, even years later.
• Justice and Women's Inheritance Rights: This passage is a groundbreaking example of divine justice ensuring that women, in the absence of male heirs, could inherit property. In a patriarchal society where land typically passed through sons, the case of Zelophehad's daughters set a precedent, ensuring that family lines and their portions of the promised land would not be lost. This reflects God's concern for the vulnerable and for equitable distribution.
• Leadership and Adherence to Law: Joshua and Eleazar, as spiritual and civil leaders, are depicted as diligently applying the established laws and precedents. Their role was not merely to conquer but to fairly administer God's covenant promises, demonstrating righteous governance in the allocation of tribal territories, as seen broadly in Joshua 14-19.

Linguistic Insights

The Hebrew word for "commanded" is tsavah (צָוָה), which signifies a strong, authoritative directive. Its use here emphasizes that the decision was not a human invention but a divine imperative. The term "inheritance" (nachalah, נַחֲלָה) is central to the book of Joshua and refers to the allotted portion of land, often seen as a permanent, divinely-given possession that secures the family's future and identity within the covenant community.

Practical Application

Joshua 17:4 offers several timeless lessons:

1. Advocacy for Justice: The daughters of Zelophehad serve as an example of courageous advocacy for what is right and just, even when societal norms might suggest otherwise. Their persistence led to a divine ruling that benefited not only them but also established a legal precedent for future generations.
2. God's Attention to Detail: This verse reminds us that God is meticulous in His plans and cares about the details of justice and provision, even in individual family circumstances. His commands are comprehensive and designed for the well-being of His people.
3. Faithful Leadership: The actions of Eleazar and Joshua exemplify faithful leadership that adheres to God's word and applies it fairly. True leadership involves upholding divine principles and ensuring that justice is served for all, regardless of their status or gender. This commitment to God's established law is a model for leaders today.