Acts 20:1

KJV

¶ And after the uproar was ceased, Paul called unto [him] the disciples, and embraced [them], and departed for to go into Macedonia.

KJV (with Strong's)

And {G1161} after {G3326} the uproar {G2351} was ceased {G3973}, Paul {G3972} called {G4341} unto him the disciples {G3101}, and {G2532} embraced {G782} them, and departed {G1831} for to go {G4198} into {G1519} Macedonia {G3109}.

Complete Jewish Bible

After the furor died down, Sha’ul sent for the talmidim and encouraged them, then took his leave and set out on his way to Macedonia.

Berean Standard Bible

When the uproar had ended, Paul sent for the disciples. And after encouraging them, he said goodbye to them and left for Macedonia.

American Standard Version

And after the uproar ceased, Paul having sent for the disciples and exhorted them, took leave of them, and departed to go into Macedonia.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Acts 20:1 marks a significant turning point in the Apostle Paul's third missionary journey, detailing his departure from Ephesus following a period of intense ministry and a dramatic public disturbance. This verse encapsulates Paul's characteristic blend of strategic missionary planning, unwavering perseverance in the face of opposition, and profound pastoral affection for the disciples he served, as he prepares to continue his work in Macedonia.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse immediately follows the climactic events of [Acts 19](/acts/19 "Acts 19 - The Ephesian Riot and Paul's Ministry"), which describes Paul's impactful two-year ministry in Ephesus, leading to widespread conversions and a significant challenge to the city's idolatrous practices. The "uproar" directly refers to the riot incited by Demetrius and other silversmiths, whose lucrative trade in Artemis shrines was threatened by the gospel's success. The narrative flow demonstrates Luke's consistent portrayal of the gospel's disruptive power in pagan societies and Paul's steadfastness amidst severe persecution. Paul's decision to leave is presented not as a retreat, but as a prudent and strategic move after the immediate danger had subsided, allowing the nascent church in Ephesus to consolidate while he continued his broader missionary objectives.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Ephesus was a major metropolitan center in the Roman province of Asia, renowned for its temple to Artemis (Diana), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. This temple was a hub of pagan worship, economic activity, and cultural identity. Paul's ministry directly challenged the deeply entrenched idolatry and the economic systems built around it, leading to the violent public reaction described in [Acts 19:23-41](/acts/19-23-41 "Acts 19:23-41 - The Riot of Ephesus"). The Roman authorities, represented by the city clerk, eventually quelled the riot, demonstrating the precarious balance between Roman order and local religious fervor. Paul's departure for Macedonia was a common route for travel in the ancient world, connecting major cities and provinces, and was part of his established itinerary to revisit and strengthen churches he had previously founded.
* **Key Themes:** This verse underscores several recurring themes in Acts and Paul's ministry. Firstly, it highlights the theme of **Perseverance Amidst Persecution**, as Paul consistently faces opposition, yet remains committed to his divine calling, never abandoning his mission despite threats to his life, as seen throughout his journeys (e.g., [Acts 14:19-20](/acts/14-19-20 "Acts 14:19-20 - Paul Stoned in Lystra")). Secondly, the act of "embracing" the disciples emphasizes **Pastoral Care and Affection**, revealing Paul's deep personal bond and genuine love for those he discipled, a hallmark of his ministry (cf. [1 Thessalonians 2:7-8](/1_thessalonians/2-7-8 "1 Thessalonians 2:7-8 - Paul's Gentle Care")). Finally, Paul's departure for Macedonia illustrates **Strategic Missionary Movement**, showcasing his systematic and deliberate approach to evangelism and church planting, revisiting established communities to strengthen them in faith and organization, a pattern evident in his [second missionary journey](/acts/16 "Acts 16 - Paul's Second Missionary Journey").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **uproar (Greek, _thórybos'_):** This term denotes a disturbance, a tumultuous noise, or a public commotion. In [Acts 19:29](/acts/19-29 "Acts 19:29 - The City in Confusion"), it describes the chaotic and violent crowd in Ephesus. Its cessation in Acts 20:1 signifies the return to order after a period of intense public unrest and danger, allowing for Paul's safe departure.
* **embraced (Greek, _aspázomai'_):** This word implies more than a mere greeting; it means "to enfold in the arms," often signifying a warm, affectionate farewell, a salutation, or a welcome. It conveys deep personal connection, love, and respect, underscoring the profound bond between Paul and the Ephesian disciples, especially in the context of their emotional parting after shared trials.
* **departed (Greek, _exérchomai'_):** Derived from "ek" (out of) and "erchomai" (to come), this verb means "to issue forth," "to come out," or "to go away." It marks a clear physical movement from one place to another, signifying Paul's intentional and strategic relocation from Ephesus to continue his missionary work elsewhere, rather than a retreat or escape.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And after the uproar was ceased":** This clause directly links the current verse to the preceding narrative in [Acts 19](/acts/19 "Acts 19 - The Ephesian Riot and Paul's Ministry"), indicating that Paul's departure was contingent upon the restoration of public order after the violent riot instigated by the silversmiths. It highlights divine providence in calming the situation and Paul's prudent timing.
* **"Paul called unto him the disciples":** This signifies Paul's initiative to gather the local believers. The act of "calling unto him" suggests a deliberate assembly, likely for a final instruction, encouragement, and a personal farewell, emphasizing his role as their spiritual father and leader.
* **"and embraced them":** This tender action speaks volumes about Paul's deep affection and personal connection with the Ephesian disciples. It was a heartfelt, intimate gesture of farewell, conveying love, solidarity, and perhaps a shared sense of loss and gratitude after their intense period of ministry and persecution together.
* **"and departed for to go into Macedonia":** This final clause states Paul's next strategic move. His destination, Macedonia, indicates a planned continuation of his missionary journey, revisiting and strengthening the churches he had previously established in cities like Philippi, Thessalonica, and Berea, demonstrating his systematic approach to evangelism and church planting.

#### Literary Devices
Luke employs several literary devices in this concise verse. **Narrative Transition** is evident as the verse smoothly shifts the geographical and narrative focus from Ephesus to Macedonia, signaling the end of one significant ministry phase and the beginning of another. The phrase "after the uproar was ceased" functions as a **Temporal Marker**, precisely situating Paul's departure in the immediate aftermath of the riot, emphasizing cause and effect. The act of "embracing" the disciples introduces a moment of **Emotional Resonance**, highlighting Paul's deep pastoral bond and the human element of his ministry amidst the grand narrative of gospel expansion. This tender farewell contrasts sharply with the preceding chaos, underscoring the enduring power of Christian fellowship.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Acts 20:1 powerfully illustrates the resilience of the gospel message and its messengers in the face of opposition. It underscores that God's work continues even after periods of intense spiritual warfare and public disturbance. Paul's actions reveal a model of pastoral leadership that is both strategically minded for the mission and deeply compassionate towards individuals. His embrace of the disciples is a tangible expression of the love and fellowship that bind believers together, a love that transcends circumstances and strengthens the community for future challenges. This verse also implicitly points to the sovereignty of God, who calms the storm and opens new pathways for His servants to continue spreading the Good News.

* [2 Corinthians 11:23-27](/2_corinthians/11-23-27 "2 Corinthians 11:23-27 - Paul's Sufferings for Christ")
* [Philippians 1:7-8](/philippians/1-7-8 "Philippians 1:7-8 - Paul's Affection for the Philippians")
* [Acts 16:9-10](/acts/16-9-10 "Acts 16:9-10 - The Macedonian Call")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Acts 20:1 offers profound insights for contemporary believers. Paul's example teaches us the importance of perseverance in our faith and ministry, recognizing that opposition and challenges are often part of God's plan for growth and refinement. Like Paul, we are called to be both courageous in proclaiming truth and prudent in our actions, discerning when to press forward and when to transition. His heartfelt embrace of the disciples reminds us of the vital importance of genuine, loving relationships within the body of Christ. Ministry is not merely about tasks and programs, but about deeply investing in people, offering encouragement, and building bonds of affection that sustain us through difficult times. We are encouraged to cultivate a spirit of pastoral care, whether as formal leaders or as fellow members, ensuring that our interactions are marked by love, empathy, and a commitment to one another's spiritual well-being. Finally, Paul's strategic movement reminds us to seek God's guidance for our next steps, trusting that He will open doors and direct our paths for the continued advancement of His kingdom.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How do I respond when my faith or efforts for the gospel are met with opposition or "uproar"?**
* **In what ways can I cultivate deeper, more affectionate, and supportive relationships within my spiritual community, mirroring Paul's embrace of the disciples?**
* **Am I discerning God's strategic guidance for my life's transitions, knowing when to move on and how to leave well, just as Paul did?**

### FAQ
**What is the significance of Paul "embracing" the disciples before his departure?**

Answer: Paul's act of "embracing" the disciples (from the Greek _aspázomai_) is highly significant. It conveys a deep, affectionate farewell, far more intimate than a casual greeting. In ancient cultures, such an embrace often included a hug or kiss, symbolizing profound love, respect, and solidarity. This gesture underscores Paul's genuine pastoral heart and the strong personal bonds he forged with those he discipled. It reveals that despite the dramatic and dangerous events that preceded his departure, Paul prioritized a tender, personal connection with the Ephesian believers, affirming their shared journey in faith and preparing them for his absence. It was a moment of mutual comfort and encouragement, highlighting the relational core of his ministry, as also seen in his emotional farewell to the Ephesian elders in [Acts 20:36-38](/acts/20-36-38 "Acts 20:36-38 - Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Acts 20:1, while detailing Paul's strategic missionary movement and pastoral care, ultimately points to the greater work of Christ. Paul's perseverance amidst persecution mirrors the unwavering resolve of Jesus, who "steadfastly set His face to go to Jerusalem" ([Luke 9:51](/luke/9-51 "Luke 9:51 - Jesus Sets His Face Toward Jerusalem")) despite knowing the suffering that awaited Him. The tender "embrace" Paul offers the disciples reflects the profound love and compassion of Christ for His own, who promised never to leave nor forsake His followers ([Matthew 28:20](/matthew/28-20 "Matthew 28:20 - The Great Commission and Jesus' Presence")). Just as Paul departed to strengthen churches, Christ commissioned His disciples to "go and make disciples of all nations" ([Matthew 28:19](/matthew/28-19 "Matthew 28:19 - The Great Commission")), ensuring the global expansion of His kingdom. Paul's ministry, filled with both trials and triumphs, serves as a powerful testament to the ongoing mission of the church, empowered by the resurrected Christ, to spread the gospel and build up His body until His glorious return ([Ephesians 4:11-13](/ephesians/4-11-13 "Ephesians 4:11-13 - Gifts for the Church's Growth")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

2 Corinthians 7:5

¶ For, when we were come into Macedonia, our flesh had no rest, but we were troubled on every side; without [were] fightings, within [were] fears.

Acts 19:21

¶ After these things were ended, Paul purposed in the spirit, when he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem, saying, After I have been there, I must also see Rome.

1 Timothy 1:3

As I besought thee to abide still at Ephesus, when I went into Macedonia, that thou mightest charge some that they teach no other doctrine,

1 Thessalonians 5:26

Greet all the brethren with an holy kiss.

1 Corinthians 16:20

All the brethren greet you. Greet ye one another with an holy kiss.

Romans 16:16

Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.

Acts 16:9

And a vision appeared to Paul in the night; There stood a man of Macedonia, and prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia, and help us.