TRV
See on the biblical-era map
Study This Verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers 2 Corinthians 13:1–6. His two-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
In these verses observe,
I.The apostle threatens to be severe against obstinate sinners when he should come to Corinth, having now sent to them a first and second epistle, with proper admonitions and exhortations, in order to reform what was amiss among them. Concerning this we may notice,
1.The caution with which he proceeded in his censures: he was not hasty in using severity, but gave a first and second admonition. So some understand his words (Co2 13:1): This is the third time I am coming to you, referring to his first and second epistles, by which he admonished them, as if he were present with them, though in person he was absent, Co2 13:2. According to this interpretation, these two epistles are the witnesses he means in the first verse, referring rather to the direction of our Saviour (Mat 17:16) concerning the manner how Christians should deal with offenders before they proceed to extremity than to the law of Moses (Deu 17:6; Deu 19:15) for the behaviour of judges in criminal matters. We should go, or send, to our brother, once and again, to tell him of his fault. Thus the apostle had told these Corinthians before, in his former epistle, and now he tells them, or writes to those who heretofore had sinned, and to all others, giving warning unto all before he came in person the third time, to exercise severity against scandalous offenders. Others think that the apostle had designed and prepared for his journey to Corinth twice already, but was providentially hindered, and now informs them of his intentions a third time to come to them. However this be, it is observable that he kept an account how often he endeavoured, and what pains he took with these Corinthians for their good: and we may be sure that an account is kept in heaven, and we must be reckoned with another day for the helps we have had for our souls, and how we have improved them.
2.The threatening itself: That if (or when) he came again (in person) he would not spare obstinate sinners, and such as were impenitent, in their scandalous enormities. He had told them before, he feared God would humble him among them, because he should find some who had sinned and had not repented; and now he declares he would not spare such, but would inflict church-censures upon them, which are thought to have been accompanied in those early times with visible and extraordinary tokens of divine displeasure. Note, Though it is God's gracious method to bear long with sinners, yet he will not bear always; at length he will come, and will not spare those who remain obstinate and impenitent, notwithstanding all his methods to reclaim and reform them.
II.The apostle assigns a reason why he would be thus severe, namely, for a proof of Christ's speaking in him, which they sought after, Co2 13:3. The evidence of his apostleship was necessary for the credit, confirmation, and success, of the gospel he preached; and therefore such as denied this were justly and severely to be censured. It was the design of the false teachers to make the Corinthians call this matter into question, of which yet they had not weak, but strong and mighty proofs (Co2 13:3), notwithstanding the mean figure he made in the world and the contempt which by some was cast upon him. Even as Christ himself was crucified through weakness, or appeared in his crucifixion as a weak and contemptible person, but liveth by the power of God, or in his resurrection and life manifests his divine power (Co2 13:4), so the apostles, how mean and contemptible soever they appeared to the world, did yet, as instruments, manifest the power of God, and particularly the power of his grace, in converting the world to Christianity. And therefore, as a proof to those who among the Corinthians sought a proof of Christ's speaking in the apostle, he puts them upon proving their Christianity (Co2 13:5): Examine yourselves, etc. Hereby he intimates that, if they could prove their own Christianity, this would be a proof of his apostleship; for if they were in the faith, if Jesus Christ was in them, this was a proof that Christ spoke in him, because it was by his ministry that they did believe. He had been not only an instructor, but a father to them. He had begotten them again by the gospel of Christ. Now it could not be imagined that a divine power should go along with his ministrations if he had not his commission from on high. If therefore they could prove themselves not to be reprobates, not to be rejected of Christ, he trusted they would know that he was not a reprobate (Co2 13:6), not disowned by Christ. What the apostle here says of the duty of the Corinthians to examine themselves, etc., with the particular view already mentioned, is applicable to the great duty of all who call themselves Christians, to examine themselves concerning their spiritual state. We should examine whether we be in the faith, because it is a matter in which we may be easily deceived, and wherein a deceit is highly dangerous: we are therefore concerned to prove our own selves, to put the question to our own souls, whether Christ be in us, or not; and Christ is in us, except we be reprobates: so that either we are true Christians or we are great cheats; and what a reproachful thing is it for a man not to know himself, not to know his own mind!
Historical interpretation
Two Centuries of Reception
5 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
Is he then the same God as He who gave Satan power over the person of Job that his "strength might be made perfect in weakness? " How is it that the censurer of the Galatians still retains the very formula of the law: "In the mouth of two or three witnesses shall every word be established? " How again is it that he threatens sinners "that he will not spare" them -he, the preacher of a most gentle god? Yea, he even declares that "the Lord hath given to him the power of using sharpness in their presence!" Deny now, O heretic, (at your cost, ) that your god is an object to be feared, when his apostle was for making himself so formidable!
That all sins may be forgiven him who has turned to God with his whole heart... Also in the same [second Epistle of the blessed Paul to the Corinthians]: "I told you before, and foretell you as I sit present; and absent now from those who before have sinned, and to all others; as, ill shall come again, I will not spare."
Then that they may not think now also that there will be again a putting off, and merely a threat in words, therefore he both said before, "At the mouth of two witnesses or three shall every word be established;" and [now], "If I come again, I will not spare." Now what he means is this: "I will no longer put off, if (which God forbid) I find you unamended; but will certainly visit it, and make good what I have said."
Having showed before that he is unable to do this unless he is compelled, and having called the thing a mourning, and a humbling; (for he saith, "lest my God should humble me before you, and I should mourn for them that have sinned heretofore, and not repented;") and having made his excuse unto them, namely, that he had told them before, once and twice and thrice, and that he does and contrives all he can so as to hold back the punishment, and by the fear of his words to make them better, he then used this unpleasing and terrifying expression, "If I come again, I will not spare." He did not say, "I will avenge and punish and exact satisfaction:" but again expresses even punishment itself in paternal language; showing his tender affection, and his heart to be grieved along with them; because that he always to "spare" them put off.
"For if at the mouth of two witnesses or three every word shall be established, and I have come twice and spoken, and speak now also by this Epistle; it follows, I must after this keep my word. For think not, I pray you, that my writing is of less account than my coming; for as I spoke when present, so now I write also when absent." Seest thou his fraternal solicitude? Seest thou forethought becoming a teacher? He neither kept silence nor punished, but he both foretells often, and continues ever threatening, and puts off the punishment, and if they should continue unamended, then he threatens to bring it to the proof.
Continue studying 2 Corinthians 13:2 across the web’s major study libraries — every link below opens this exact verse, chapter, or book on the destination site.
Read & Compare
BibleGatewayThis verse in more than 200 translations and 70 languages.
Bible.comThe YouVersion reader — hundreds of translations, reading plans, and highlights.
ESV.orgCrossway's official English Standard Version reader.
NET BibleThe NET translation with 60,000+ translators' notes on every rendering decision.
STEP BibleTyndale House's free study tool — original text, vocabulary, and scholarly resources.
BibliaLogos Bible Software's free web reader.
USCCBThe New American Bible (Revised Edition) with the U.S. bishops' study notes.
Commentaries
BibleHub CommentariesDozens of classic commentaries on this verse, gathered on one page.
StudyLightMore than 100 commentary sets — the largest collection on the web.
BibleRefPlain-English commentary on what this verse means, verse by verse.
Enduring WordDavid Guzik's free commentary on this chapter, widely used by Bible teachers.
Bible Study ToolsVerse commentary alongside Greek and Hebrew study aids.
Original Language & Research
- BibleHub InterlinearThe verse word by word — original language, transliteration, and English.
- BibleHub LexiconEvery word's original-language definition and Strong's entry.
Blue Letter BibleDeep-study tools — Strong's numbers, concordance, and word studies.
CNTR CollationThe earliest Greek manuscripts of this verse, collated letter by letter.
Sermons, Hymns & Audio
TrulyRandomVerse is not affiliated with these sites and doesn’t control their content. They’re linked because they’re genuinely useful.
Summary
In 2 Corinthians 13:2, the Apostle Paul issues a solemn and definitive warning to the Corinthian church, reiterating his previous admonitions and declaring his firm resolve to act decisively and without leniency upon his impending third visit. This verse underscores the seriousness of unrepentant sin within the community and serves as a final, urgent call for those who have persisted in sinful behavior, and indeed for all others, to repent and align themselves with the gospel, lest they face the consequences of apostolic discipline.
Context
Literary Context
This verse stands at the culmination of Paul's second letter to the Corinthians, specifically within his final appeals and warnings (2 Corinthians 12:11-13:14). Having spent much of the letter defending his apostolic authority, addressing criticisms, and exposing the false apostles who sought to undermine his ministry, Paul now shifts to a direct and stern declaration of his intentions for his third visit. He has already alluded to this visit and his readiness to act in 2 Corinthians 12:14 and directly stated his intention to come for the third time in 2 Corinthians 13:1. The preceding verses in chapter 12 reveal Paul's deep concern for the Corinthians' spiritual state, his fear that he might find them unrepentant, and his reluctance to exercise harsh discipline. However, this verse signals a turning point: his patience is reaching its limit, and his forthcoming visit will be characterized by decisive action if repentance has not occurred.
Historical & Cultural Context
The church in Corinth was notoriously problematic, plagued by factions, moral laxity (e.g., incest in 1 Corinthians 5), legal disputes among believers (1 Corinthians 6), and challenges to Paul's apostolic authority (2 Corinthians 10-13). Paul had made at least two previous visits, the "second time" mentioned here likely referring to a painful visit that necessitated his writing the "severe letter" (possibly 2 Corinthians 10-13 or a lost letter). The cultural context of the Roman Empire, where honor and shame were paramount, meant that Paul's authority was constantly being tested by those who viewed his humble demeanor and lack of rhetorical prowess as weakness. His assertion of impending, unsparing discipline was a necessary demonstration of his God-given authority, intended to restore order and purity within a church that had become deeply compromised.
Key Themes
This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes in 2 Corinthians. First, it highlights the theme of Apostolic Authority and Discipline. Paul's repeated warnings and his declaration "I will not spare" underscore his divinely appointed right and responsibility to maintain the purity and order of the church, even if it requires severe measures. Second, it emphasizes the Seriousness of Sin and the Necessity of Repentance. The phrase "them which heretofore have sinned" points to ongoing, unaddressed sin, and Paul's warning serves as a final opportunity for genuine repentance before judgment. Third, the verse touches upon the theme of God's Patience and Impending Judgment. While God is patient, offering time for repentance, there is a limit, and unrepentant sin will ultimately face consequences, a principle echoed throughout Scripture (e.g., Romans 2:4-5). Finally, it speaks to the Purity and Health of the Church, as Paul's actions, though seemingly harsh, are ultimately aimed at restoring the community to spiritual health and ensuring its witness for Christ.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This primary verb means "to grave," "to write," or figuratively, "to describe." In this context, Paul emphasizes that his current written warning is as binding and serious as if he were physically present. It underscores the authoritative nature of his epistle, serving as a formal, documented declaration of his intent, leaving no room for misunderstanding or excuses. The act of writing here is not merely informative but performative, setting the stage for the actions he promises.
This compound verb, meaning "to sin previously" or "to sin already," refers specifically to those in the Corinthian church who had been living in sin prior to Paul's writing this letter, and presumably, prior to his previous warnings. It suggests a pattern of unrepentant behavior, highlighting that Paul's concern is not about isolated missteps but about persistent, unaddressed moral failures within the community. This term distinguishes those who have been living in ongoing sin from "all other," who are also warned against future transgression.
This verb, translated as "spare," means "to be chary of," "to abstain," or "to treat leniently." When combined with the negative particle "not" (G3756, ou), "I will not spare" (οὐ φείδομαι) conveys Paul's absolute resolve to not hold back, not show leniency, and not treat lightly the unrepentant sin upon his arrival. It signifies a readiness to exercise the full weight of his apostolic authority, implying firm discipline, possibly excommunication or other severe measures, to address the moral decay in the church.
Verse Breakdown
"I told you before, and foretell you, as if I were present, the second time;"
Paul establishes continuity and consistency in his warnings. The "second time" refers to a previous visit where he had already issued similar admonitions. By stating "as if I were present," he imbues his current written warning with the same weight and authority as if he were speaking to them face-to-face. This is not a new threat but a reiteration of a long-standing concern and a promise of impending action, emphasizing that they have had ample opportunity to repent.
"and being absent now I write to them which heretofore have sinned, and to all other,"
Paul clarifies the recipients of his warning. Firstly, it is directed at those who have been living in persistent, unaddressed sin ("heretofore have sinned"), indicating a specific group within the church. Secondly, he extends the warning to "all other," meaning the entire congregation. This broader scope serves to remind everyone of the seriousness of sin and the expectation of holiness, implying that even those not directly involved in the specified sins are responsible for the church's overall moral health and are subject to the same standards.
"that, if I come again, I will not spare:"
This is the climactic declaration of the verse. The phrase "if I come again" underscores the conditional nature of his action, dependent on their response. However, the emphatic "I will not spare" leaves no doubt about his resolve. It signifies that if he finds them still unrepentant upon his arrival, he will exercise his apostolic authority without hesitation, leniency, or compromise. This is a promise of firm, decisive discipline, not out of personal vindictiveness, but out of a pastoral necessity to purge sin and restore the church's integrity.
Literary Devices
Paul employs several significant literary devices in this verse. The most prominent is Repetition and Emphasis, as he explicitly states "I told you before, and foretell you," demonstrating that this is not a new or sudden threat but a consistent warning he has issued. This repetition underscores the gravity of the situation and the Corinthians' failure to heed previous admonitions. There is also a strong element of Foreshadowing, as Paul's declaration "I will not spare" clearly anticipates a future, decisive confrontation if repentance does not occur. This creates a sense of impending judgment and urgency. Furthermore, the verse utilizes Apostolic Authority as a rhetorical tool; Paul's words are not merely personal opinion but a declaration of his God-given right and responsibility to act. His "being absent now I write" highlights the power of his written word to carry the weight of his personal presence and authority.
Theological and Thematic Connections
This verse profoundly speaks to the theological necessity of church discipline and the serious consequences of unrepentant sin within the Christian community. Paul's declaration that he "will not spare" is not a personal vendetta but a demonstration of his commitment to the purity and health of the body of Christ, reflecting God's own holiness and His expectation that His people live in accordance with His will. It underscores that while God is patient and merciful, there is a boundary beyond which persistent, unaddressed sin necessitates firm action for the sake of the individual's soul and the integrity of the church's witness. This discipline, though painful, is ultimately restorative, aiming to bring about repentance and reconciliation, much like a loving parent disciplines a child for their good.
Reflection and Application
Paul's stern warning in 2 Corinthians 13:2 serves as a powerful and enduring reminder that the Christian life is not without accountability, and the church is not a place where sin can be perpetually tolerated without consequence. This verse calls us to a deep and honest self-examination, prompting us to ask if there are areas in our own lives where we have "heretofore sinned" and have yet to genuinely repent. It challenges the modern tendency to view grace as an excuse for complacency rather than a call to transformation. For church leaders, it underscores the difficult but vital responsibility of exercising spiritual authority for the health of the congregation, even when it means confronting uncomfortable truths and administering discipline. Ultimately, Paul's intention is not to condemn but to save, to bring about a change of heart that leads to life and purity, both for individuals and the community. This passage compels us to embrace repentance as a continuous posture, ensuring that our lives reflect the holiness of the God we serve and the transformative power of His grace.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why is Paul so harsh in this verse, and what does "I will not spare" truly mean?
Paul's language in this verse, while appearing harsh, is rooted in his deep pastoral concern for the spiritual health and purity of the Corinthian church. The phrase "I will not spare" (οὐ φείδομαι, ou pheídomai) signifies his unwavering resolve to exercise his apostolic authority without leniency or compromise if he finds unrepentant sin upon his arrival. It does not imply personal vindictiveness but rather a commitment to divine justice and the necessary enforcement of church discipline. Paul's authority, as he states elsewhere in 2 Corinthians 13:10, was given to him by the Lord "for building you up and not for tearing you down." Therefore, his sternness is a last resort, intended to shock the unrepentant into genuine repentance, protect the integrity of the church, and ultimately lead to their spiritual restoration, not their destruction. It's a fatherly discipline, painful but necessary for growth.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Paul's declaration that he "will not spare" those who persist in sin, while seemingly severe, finds its ultimate Christ-centered fulfillment in the Lord Jesus Christ Himself, who embodies both boundless grace and unwavering righteousness. Just as Paul, as an apostle, was entrusted with authority to maintain the purity of the church, so Christ, as the head of the church, exercises ultimate authority and will one day return to judge the living and the dead (2 Timothy 4:1). His first coming was characterized by grace, to "seek and to save the lost" (Luke 19:10), offering a path to repentance and forgiveness through His atoning sacrifice (Romans 3:23-25). However, Scripture also clearly teaches that Christ will return, not as a suffering servant, but as a righteous judge, and on that day, there will be no "sparing" for those who have consistently rejected His grace and remained unrepentant (Revelation 20:11-15). Paul's disciplinary action, therefore, serves as a poignant earthly echo of Christ's future judgment, a call to heed the present opportunity for repentance before the final, unsparing reckoning of the Lamb of God (Revelation 6:16-17). It reminds us that true love for the church necessitates confronting sin, aligning with Christ's own commitment to present His church to Himself "without stain or wrinkle or any other blemish, but holy and blameless" (Ephesians 5:27).