Word Study for H1238 (בָּקַק)

bâqaq /baw-kah'/ Ask about this word

Roota primitive root

Meaningto pour out, i.e. to empty, figuratively, to depopulate; by analogy, to spread out (as a fruitful vine)

KJV usage(make) empty (out), fail, make void.

Idioms & phrasesidiom utterly

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of bâqaq — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Hebrew word bâqaq, represented by H1238, is a primitive root signifying the act to pour out or empty. It appears 9 times across 7 unique verses in the Bible. While its base meaning is to empty, it is used figuratively to describe depopulation, the failure of a nation's spirit, and the nullification of human plans. It can also, by analogy, refer to spreading out, as with a vine.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In biblical prophecy, H1238 is consistently used to describe acts of judgment and desolation. The Lord declares through Isaiah that He "maketh the earth empty" Isaiah 24:1, a theme reinforced with emphasis when the text states, "The land shall be utterly emptied" Isaiah 24:3. The term is also used to express the futility of rebellion against God, as when He proclaims, "I will make void the counsel of Judah and Jerusalem" Jeremiah 19:7. In a powerful metaphor, Israel is described as an "empty vine," highlighting a spiritual barrenness despite outward signs of prosperity Hosea 10:1. The word can also depict an internal collapse, as when the "spirit of Egypt shall fail" Isaiah 19:3.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words provide a fuller picture of the desolation associated with H1238:

H1110 bâlaq (to annihilate; (make) waste): This word is used in direct parallel with H1238 in a prophecy against the earth, stating the Lord "maketh the earth empty H1238, and maketh it waste H1110" Isaiah 24:1.
H6327 pûwts (to dash in pieces, literally or figuratively (especially to disperse)): This term often appears alongside H1238 to describe the consequence of being emptied. After the Lord makes the earth empty, he "scattereth abroad" the inhabitants Isaiah 24:1.
H7843 shâchath (to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)): This word describes the corruption that accompanies emptying. After the "emptiers" have emptied Israel, they have "marred" their vine branches, connecting the act of emptying with ruin Nahum 2:2.
H962 bâzaz (to plunder): The concept of emptying is explicitly linked to plundering. The declaration that the land will be "utterly emptied" is paired with the phrase "utterly spoiled" Isaiah 24:3.
H1104 bâlaʻ (to make away with (specifically by swallowing); generally, to destroy): When the spirit of Egypt is said to "fail" H1238, the Lord promises to "destroy" their counsel, showing that emptiness leads to destruction Isaiah 19:3.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of H1238 is primarily seen in its role within prophetic warnings and declarations of judgment.

Divine Sovereignty in Judgment: The word is overwhelmingly used to describe an action taken by the Lord or by forces acting as His instrument. He is the one who makes the earth empty Isaiah 24:1, makes counsel void Jeremiah 19:7, and sends fanners to empty a nation's land Jeremiah 51:2.
Consequence of Rebellion: The emptying of a people or land is presented as the direct outcome of their actions. The emptiers in Nahum 2:2 act against Israel because of their straying. In Hosea 10:1, Israel's status as an "empty vine" is tied to its self-serving worship and multiplication of idolatrous altars and images.
Total Desolation: The use of H1238 in repetition, as in "utterly emptied" Isaiah 24:3 and "the emptiers have emptied them out" Nahum 2:2, emphasizes the totality and finality of the judgment being described.

Summary

In summary, H1238 conveys a concept far more profound than simple physical emptiness. It is a key term in biblical prophecy that illustrates the consequences of turning away from God. It signifies a complete state of desolation—be it the depopulation of a land, the failure of a nation's spirit, or the spiritual void of a people whose worship has become self-serving. Through this word, scripture portrays divine judgment not merely as punishment, but as the bringing of a people to nothingness.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Hebrew Old Testament, this word appears as a verb across 9 occurrences, inflected in 8 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form. Select any form to read what each part of its name means, and to filter the occurrence list to it.

בּוֹקֵק
נָבְקָה
תִּבּוֹק
הִבּוֹק
יבֹקְקוּ
בַקֹּתִי
בֹּקְקִים
בְקָקוּ

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

Appears in 7 verses across 4 of the 39 books. Most frequent in Isaiah (3 verses); never once in the other 35.

Isaiah

Jeremiah

Hosea

Nahum

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, by grammatical form, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.