Romans 15:4

KJV

For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope.

KJV (with Strong's)

For {G1063} whatsoever things {G3745} were written aforetime {G4270} were written {G4270} for {G1519} our {G2251} learning {G1319}, that {G2443} we {G2192} through {G1223} patience {G5281} and {G2532} comfort {G3874} of the scriptures {G1124} might have {G2192} hope {G1680}.

Complete Jewish Bible

For everything written in the past was written to teach us, so that with the encouragement of the Tanakh we might patiently hold on to our hope.

Berean Standard Bible

For everything that was written in the past was written for our instruction, so that through endurance and the encouragement of the Scriptures, we might have hope.

American Standard Version

For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that through patience and through comfort of the scriptures we might have hope.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Romans 15:4 serves as a foundational declaration regarding the enduring purpose and profound value of the Old Testament Scriptures for New Testament believers. Paul asserts that the historical narratives, laws, prophecies, and wisdom recorded in the past were divinely preserved and intended for our instruction, enabling us to cultivate steadfast endurance and receive profound encouragement from their truths, thereby solidifying our hope in God's unwavering promises and ultimate faithfulness.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Romans 15:4 concludes a significant section (Romans 14:1–15:7) where Paul addresses the critical issue of unity within the diverse Roman church, particularly concerning "weak" and "strong" believers. The "weak" likely adhered to certain dietary laws and Sabbath observances, while the "strong" understood their freedom in Christ. Paul's overarching argument is that believers, especially the "strong," should not live to please themselves but to build up others, following the self-sacrificial example of Christ ([Romans 15:3](/romans/15-3 "Romans 15:3 - Christ Did Not Please Himself")). This verse provides the theological grounding for his exhortation, explaining that the Old Testament Scriptures are not merely historical relics but a living source of instruction and encouragement, vital for fostering the mutual acceptance and hope necessary for Christian community. It frames the entire Old Testament as a resource for practical Christian living and theological understanding.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The early church in Rome was a fascinating blend of Jewish and Gentile converts, each bringing distinct cultural and religious backgrounds. Jewish Christians, steeped in the traditions of the Torah and Prophets, might have struggled to fully embrace Gentile believers who did not observe Jewish customs. Conversely, Gentile Christians might have seen the Old Testament as irrelevant to their new faith in Christ. Paul, a Jew by birth and a Pharisee by training, masterfully bridges this divide. He consistently appeals to the Old Testament as the authoritative Word of God, understood by both groups, to demonstrate the continuity of God's plan and the universal scope of salvation in Christ. In a culture where written texts held immense authority, Paul's assertion that the "things written aforetime" were for "our learning" would have resonated deeply, validating the Old Testament's continued relevance for the nascent Christian community and providing a common ground for their shared faith.

* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully encapsulates several key themes central to Paul's theology and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it underscores the **divine inspiration and enduring authority of Scripture**, particularly the Old Testament, for the Christian life. It moves beyond mere historical record to present the Old Testament as a dynamic source of **instruction and spiritual formation** (`didaskalía`). Secondly, it highlights the practical fruits of engaging with God's Word: **patience (endurance)** and **comfort (encouragement)**, which are essential for navigating the challenges of faith and life. Paul frequently emphasizes the need for endurance in the Christian walk, as seen in passages like [Romans 5:3-4](/romans/5-3-4 "Romans 5:3-4 - Suffering Produces Perseverance"). Finally, the verse culminates in the theme of **hope**, which is a recurring motif in Romans, particularly in relation to the believer's future glorification and the fulfillment of God's promises ([Romans 8:24-25](/romans/8-24-25 "Romans 8:24-25 - Hope in Future Glory")). The Old Testament, by revealing God's faithfulness through history, provides a robust foundation for this eschatological hope.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **prográphō (Greek, _prográphō'_):** This verb, meaning "to write previously" or "to write aforetime," emphasizes the pre-ordained nature and timeless relevance of the Old Testament Scriptures. It suggests that these writings were not merely historical records but were specifically set down by divine design with a future purpose in mind for later generations, including New Testament believers.
* **didaskalía (Greek, _didaskalía'_):** Translates as "learning," "teaching," or "instruction." It points to the didactic function of the Scriptures. The Old Testament is presented not just as a collection of stories or laws, but as a comprehensive body of truth intended to educate, guide, and shape the understanding and behavior of God's people. This instruction is comprehensive, covering doctrine, ethics, and the character of God.
* **elpís (Greek, _elpís'_):** This word signifies "expectation" or "confidence," often with a sense of pleasure or anticipation. In a theological context, it refers to the Christian hope, which is not a mere wish but a confident assurance rooted in God's character and His promises. The Scriptures provide the basis for this hope by revealing God's faithfulness, His redemptive plan, and the ultimate triumph of His purposes.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"For whatsoever things were written aforetime":** This opening clause points directly to the Old Testament Scriptures. Paul asserts that the entire corpus of the Hebrew Bible, from Genesis to Malachi, holds enduring significance. The phrase "written aforetime" (G4270, _prográphō_) underscores that these texts were recorded in the past, yet with a divine foresight and purpose that extends into the present and future. It implies a divinely orchestrated preservation of these ancient writings.
* **"were written for our learning":** This clarifies the primary purpose of the Old Testament. It was not merely for the original recipients but specifically "for our learning" (G1519, _eis_ G2251, _hēméteros_ G1319, _didaskalía_). The Scriptures serve as a divine curriculum, providing instruction, doctrine, and moral guidance. They teach us about God's character, His dealings with humanity, the nature of sin, the pathway to righteousness, and the unfolding of His redemptive plan. This learning is transformative, intended to shape the believer's mind and life.
* **"that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures":** This clause explains the means by which the ultimate goal is achieved. The "learning" from the Scriptures produces two vital spiritual qualities: "patience" (G5281, _hypomonḗ_), which denotes steadfast endurance, perseverance, and constancy, especially under trial; and "comfort" (G3874, _paráklēsis_), which encompasses encouragement, consolation, and exhortation. These qualities are not self-generated but are derived directly "through" (G1223, _diá_) the engagement with "the scriptures" (G1124, _graphḗ_). The narratives of God's faithfulness, the examples of biblical heroes, and the promises of His presence provide the strength to endure and the solace to persevere.
* **"might have hope":** This is the ultimate telos, the desired outcome and purpose. The patient endurance and comfort derived from the Scriptures culminate in a vibrant, living "hope" (G1680, _elpís_). This hope is not a wishful desire but a confident expectation and assurance rooted in God's character and His unfailing promises, as revealed throughout the biblical narrative. It is a hope that anchors the soul, providing stability and direction in the face of life's uncertainties and the challenges of the Christian walk.

#### Literary Devices
Paul employs several literary devices to convey his profound message in Romans 15:4. A prominent device is **Purpose Clause**, signaled by the Greek conjunction `hina` (G2443, "that"), which clearly states the divine intent behind the writing of the Old Testament: "that we... might have hope." This highlights the teleological nature of Scripture, emphasizing that its ultimate aim is to cultivate hope in believers. Furthermore, there is a strong element of **Didacticism**, as the verse explicitly states the Scriptures were written "for our learning," underscoring their instructional and teaching function. The pairing of "patience" and "comfort" creates a **Hendiatris** (or a similar construction), where two distinct but related concepts are used to express a single, more complex idea – the comprehensive spiritual strengthening and encouragement derived from God's Word. Finally, the verse functions as a **General Principle**, elevating the specific examples and narratives of the Old Testament to a universal truth about the enduring value and purpose of all divinely inspired Scripture for all believers across all generations.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Romans 15:4 profoundly articulates the theological principle of the unity and continuity of God's redemptive plan across both testaments. It asserts that the Old Testament is not obsolete but remains vitally relevant for the New Testament church, serving as a divine wellspring of instruction, encouragement, and the foundation for Christian hope. This verse underscores the concept of God's providential preservation of His Word, demonstrating that every part of Scripture has a specific, active purpose in the spiritual formation of believers. It highlights that true theological understanding is not merely academic but profoundly practical, leading to virtues like patience and the anchoring of hope in God's character, as revealed through His historical dealings with humanity. The Old Testament, therefore, is not just a historical record but a living testament to God's faithfulness, providing the necessary context and assurance for our faith journey.

* [2 Timothy 3:16-17](/2_timothy/3-16-17 "2 Timothy 3:16-17 - All Scripture is God-breathed and Profitable")
* [1 Corinthians 10:6](/1_corinthians/10-6 "1 Corinthians 10:6 - Warnings from Israel's History as Examples")
* [Psalm 119:105](/psalms/119-105 "Psalm 119:105 - Your Word is a Lamp to My Feet")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Romans 15:4 calls us to a deeper, more intentional engagement with the entirety of God's Word, including the often-overlooked Old Testament. It reminds us that the stories of ancient Israel, the wisdom of the Proverbs, the laments of the Psalms, and the pronouncements of the prophets are not dusty relics but living truths designed to equip us for life today. When we immerse ourselves in these narratives, we witness God's unwavering faithfulness through trials, His consistent justice, and His boundless mercy. This historical testimony cultivates "patience" within us, strengthening our resolve to endure hardships, knowing that God has always been faithful to His people. It also provides "comfort," reassuring us that our struggles are not new and that God provides solace and strength in every circumstance. Ultimately, this deep engagement with Scripture anchors our "hope" in God's promises, reminding us that His character is immutable and His redemptive plan is certain, regardless of our present circumstances.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does my current engagement with the Old Testament reflect the value Paul places on it in Romans 15:4?**
* **In what specific ways have the Scriptures provided me with "patience" or "comfort" during challenging times?**
* **How does a deeper understanding of God's faithfulness in the Old Testament strengthen my "hope" for the future?**

### FAQ
**Why is the Old Testament still relevant for Christians today?**

Answer: Romans 15:4 directly addresses this by stating that "whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning." The Old Testament is not merely a historical record but a divinely inspired text intended to instruct, guide, and shape the faith of believers across all generations. It reveals God's unchanging character, His covenant faithfulness, the nature of sin, the necessity of redemption, and the unfolding of His plan for humanity. It provides examples of faith and failure, prophecies fulfilled in Christ, and foundational theological truths that are essential for understanding the New Testament and living a life pleasing to God. As [2 Timothy 3:16-17](/2_timothy/3-16-17 "2 Timothy 3:16-17 - All Scripture is God-breathed") affirms, "All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness."

**How do "patience" and "comfort" come from the Scriptures?**

Answer: The Scriptures provide patience (endurance) by showcasing God's faithfulness to His people through centuries of trials, wilderness wanderings, exiles, and persecutions. Reading about figures like Abraham, Joseph, Moses, or David, who endured immense hardship yet saw God's promises fulfilled, encourages us to persevere in our own difficulties. We learn that God is sovereign and works all things for His purposes. Comfort comes from the Scriptures through the revelation of God's compassionate nature, His promises of presence, forgiveness, and future restoration. The Psalms, for instance, are replete with expressions of lament and subsequent comfort found in God's unfailing love. Knowing that God is with us in our suffering and that He will ultimately bring about good provides profound consolation, as seen in passages like [Psalm 23](/psalms/23 "Psalm 23 - The Lord is My Shepherd").

**What kind of "hope" is Paul referring to in this verse?**

Answer: The "hope" (G1680, _elpís_) Paul speaks of is not a mere wish or a vague optimism, but a confident and certain expectation rooted in God's character and His unfailing promises. It is an eschatological hope that looks forward to the full realization of God's redemptive plan, including the return of Christ, the resurrection of the dead, and the establishment of His eternal kingdom. The Old Testament, with its prophecies and covenants, lays the groundwork for this hope, pointing forward to a Messiah and a future salvation. This hope is a powerful anchor for the soul ([Hebrews 6:19](/hebrews/6-19 "Hebrews 6:19 - Hope as an Anchor for the Soul")), providing stability and meaning in the present, even amidst suffering, because it is grounded in the faithfulness of a God who has proven Himself trustworthy throughout history.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Romans 15:4, while speaking of the Old Testament's purpose, finds its ultimate fulfillment and deepest meaning in Jesus Christ. The "things written aforetime" were not merely for general learning, but specifically to point to Him, the Messiah, the central figure of God's redemptive plan. He is the ultimate teacher, embodying the perfect "learning" (`didaskalía`) that the Scriptures convey, as He perfectly fulfilled the Law and the Prophets ([Matthew 5:17](/matthew/5-17 "Matthew 5:17 - Jesus Fulfills the Law")). Christ Himself is the supreme example of "patience" (`hypomonḗ`), enduring the cross "for the joy set before him" ([Hebrews 12:2](/hebrews/12-2 "Hebrews 12:2 - Jesus, the Pioneer and Perfecter of Faith")), demonstrating the steadfastness the Scriptures call us to. Furthermore, He is the source of all true "comfort" (`paráklēsis`), not only through His atoning work but also by sending the Holy Spirit, the "Comforter" or "Helper" ([John 14:26](/john/14-26 "John 14:26 - The Holy Spirit, the Helper")), who applies the truths of Scripture to our hearts. Most profoundly, Jesus Christ is our living "hope" (`elpís`). All the promises and expectations found in the Old Testament find their "Yes" and "Amen" in Him ([2 Corinthians 1:20](/2_corinthians/1-20 "2 Corinthians 1:20 - God's Promises are Yes in Christ")). Thus, the Old Testament, through its instruction, its call to endurance, and its comfort, continually directs our gaze to Christ, who is the embodiment and fulfillment of all the Scriptures, and in whom we find our ultimate and unwavering hope.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Corinthians 10:11

Now all these things happened unto them for ensamples: and they are written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are come.

2 Timothy 3:16

All scripture [is] given by inspiration of God, and [is] profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness:

2 Timothy 3:17

That the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works.

Romans 4:23

¶ Now it was not written for his sake alone, that it was imputed to him;

Romans 4:24

But for us also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believe on him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead;

2 Peter 1:20

Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation.

2 Peter 1:21

For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake [as they were] moved by the Holy Ghost.