Romans 12:17

Recompense to no man evil for evil. Provide things honest in the sight of all men.

Recompense {G591} to no man {G3367} evil {G2556} for {G473} evil {G2556}. Provide {G4306} things honest {G2570} in the sight {G1799} of all {G3956} men {G444}.

Repay no one evil for evil, but try to do what everyone regards as good.

Do not repay anyone evil for evil. Carefully consider what is right in the eyes of everybody.

Render to no man evil for evil. Take thought for things honorable in the sight of all men.

Commentary

Romans 12:17 (KJV) instructs believers on two crucial aspects of Christian conduct: how to respond to hostility and how to live honorably in public. It serves as a foundational principle for interpersonal relationships within the Christian community and with the world at large.

Context

This verse is part of the practical section of Paul's Epistle to the Romans, beginning in Romans 12:1, which shifts from deep theological doctrine to the ethical implications of the Gospel. After urging believers to offer themselves as "living sacrifices" and to transform their minds, Paul provides specific guidelines for living out one's faith. Verses 14-21 deal explicitly with how Christians should interact with those who oppose or persecute them, emphasizing love, humility, and peaceful conduct.

Key Themes

  • Non-Retaliation: The primary command, "Recompense to no man evil for evil," directly challenges the natural human impulse for revenge. It calls for a supernatural response of grace and restraint, reflecting the character of God. This echoes Jesus' teaching on turning the other cheek and loving one's enemies.
  • Public Integrity and Honesty: The second part, "Provide things honest in the sight of all men," emphasizes the importance of living with undeniable integrity. It's not enough to merely avoid doing evil; believers are called to actively pursue what is morally good, honorable, and upright in a way that is visible and commendable to everyone, including non-believers. This public witness is vital for the credibility of the Gospel.
  • Peacemaking and Good Witness: By refusing to retaliate and by living honorably, believers contribute to peace and demonstrate the transformative power of Christ. Their actions become a testimony, inviting others to see the beauty of a life lived according to God's principles.

Linguistic Insights

The KJV phrase "Recompense to no man evil for evil" uses the Greek word apodidōmi (ἀποδίδωμι), meaning "to give back" or "to pay back," highlighting the intentional refusal to engage in a cycle of retribution. The term "evil" (kakon - κακὸν) refers to what is harmful, bad, or malicious. For "Provide things honest," the Greek word is pronoéō (προνοέω), meaning "to think beforehand" or "to provide for," suggesting active foresight and diligent effort in one's conduct. "Honest" here translates kala (καλά), which means "good," "noble," "honorable," or "excellent," conveying a sense of moral beauty and attractiveness rather than just truthful honesty. This noble conduct is to be "in the sight of all men," emphasizing public visibility and accountability, a sentiment echoed in 2 Corinthians 8:21.

Practical Application

Romans 12:17 remains profoundly relevant today. In a world often characterized by quick retaliation and a "tit-for-tat" mentality, this verse calls Christians to a higher standard. It challenges us to:

  • Break the Cycle of Retaliation: When faced with insults, unfair treatment, or harm, our first response should not be to strike back, but to seek peace and forgiveness, trusting God for ultimate justice (as further elaborated in Romans 12:19).
  • Live with Visible Integrity: Our lives should consistently reflect Christ-like character in all public spheres—at work, in our communities, and online. Our actions should be above reproach, demonstrating honesty, fairness, and goodness to everyone.
  • Be a Powerful Witness: By refusing to engage in vengeance and by consistently living honorably, believers offer a compelling testimony to the transforming power of the Gospel. Such conduct can disarm critics and draw others to the truth.

This verse encourages believers to be proactive in pursuing good and to rely on God's strength to overcome the natural desire for revenge, thereby embodying the love and grace of Christ.

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Cross-References

  • Proverbs 20:22 (24 votes)

    ¶ Say not thou, I will recompense evil; [but] wait on the LORD, and he shall save thee.

  • 1 Thessalonians 5:15 (23 votes)

    See that none render evil for evil unto any [man]; but ever follow that which is good, both among yourselves, and to all [men].

  • Matthew 5:39 (17 votes)

    But I say unto you, That ye resist not evil: but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also.

  • 1 Peter 3:9 (16 votes)

    Not rendering evil for evil, or railing for railing: but contrariwise blessing; knowing that ye are thereunto called, that ye should inherit a blessing.

  • 2 Corinthians 8:20 (12 votes)

    Avoiding this, that no man should blame us in this abundance which is administered by us:

  • 2 Corinthians 8:21 (12 votes)

    Providing for honest things, not only in the sight of the Lord, but also in the sight of men.

  • Philippians 4:8 (10 votes)

    Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things [are] honest, whatsoever things [are] just, whatsoever things [are] pure, whatsoever things [are] lovely, whatsoever things [are] of good report; if [there be] any virtue, and if [there be] any praise, think on these things.