John 19:38

KJV

¶ And after this Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave [him] leave. He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus.

KJV (with Strong's)

And {G1161} after {G3326} this {G5023} Joseph {G2501} of {G575} Arimathaea {G707}, being {G5607} a disciple {G3101} of Jesus {G2424}, but {G1161} secretly {G2928} for {G1223} fear {G5401} of the Jews {G2453}, besought {G2065} Pilate {G4091} that {G2443} he might take away {G142} the body {G4983} of Jesus {G2424}: and {G2532} Pilate {G4091} gave him leave {G2010}. He came {G2064} therefore {G3767}, and {G2532} took {G142} the body {G4983} of Jesus {G2424}.

Complete Jewish Bible

After this, Yosef of Ramatayim, who was a talmid of Yeshua, but a secret one out of fear of the Judeans, asked Pilate if he could have Yeshua’s body. Pilate gave his consent, so Yosef came and took the body away.

Berean Standard Bible

Afterward, Joseph of Arimathea, who was a disciple of Jesus (but secretly for fear of the Jews), asked Pilate to let him remove the body of Jesus. Pilate gave him permission, so he came and removed His body.

American Standard Version

And after these things Joseph of Arimathæa, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, asked of Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave him leave. He came therefore, and took away his body.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
John 19:38 recounts the courageous act of Joseph of Arimathaea, a previously secret disciple of Jesus, who, overcoming his fear of the Jewish authorities, boldly approached Pontius Pilate to request the body of Jesus for burial. Pilate granted his petition, and Joseph proceeded to take the body, initiating the solemn process of laying Jesus to rest. This pivotal moment highlights the emergence of faith in the face of immense danger and underscores the divine orchestration of events surrounding the crucifixion.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse immediately follows the account of Jesus' death on the cross ([John 19:30](/john/19-30 "John 19:30 - Jesus' Last Words and Death")). The narrative in John's Gospel has meticulously detailed the passion week, from Jesus' arrest to His trials before the Jewish Sanhedrin and Pontius Pilate, culminating in His crucifixion. The disposition of the body was a crucial next step, especially given the impending Sabbath and Passover. John's account here is succinct, focusing on Joseph's specific action, which sets the stage for the subsequent involvement of Nicodemus and the actual burial scene in [John 19:39-42](/john/19-39-42 "John 19:39-42 - The Burial of Jesus"). It marks a transition from the public spectacle of execution to the private, reverent acts of those who still honored Jesus.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** According to both Jewish law (Deuteronomy 21:22-23) and Roman custom, crucified bodies were typically left on the cross or thrown into a common grave. However, Jewish law mandated that bodies not remain exposed overnight, especially if the next day was a Sabbath or a high holy day like Passover, which was the case here. The "fear of the Jews" refers to the powerful religious authorities, primarily the Sanhedrin, who had condemned Jesus and held considerable sway over public opinion and social standing. Publicly associating with a crucified criminal, especially one condemned by the religious elite, could lead to excommunication from the synagogue, social ostracization, and severe persecution. Joseph, as a prominent member of the Sanhedrin (as noted in [Matthew 27:57](/matthew/27-57 "Matthew 27:57 - Joseph of Arimathaea's Request")), risked his reputation, wealth, and position by making this request.
* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes significantly to several key themes within John's Gospel and the broader biblical narrative. The theme of **Discipleship and Faith** is prominent, as Joseph's transition from secret belief to open action exemplifies a profound commitment to Jesus, even in death. It contrasts sharply with the scattering of other disciples. The theme of **Divine Sovereignty** is also evident; despite the apparent defeat of the cross, God's plan continues to unfold. Joseph's wealth and influence, seemingly coincidental, become instrumental in fulfilling Old Testament prophecy regarding the Messiah's burial ([Isaiah 53:9](/isaiah/53-9 "Isaiah 53:9 - Prophecy of Messiah's Burial")). Furthermore, the theme of **Courage in Crisis** shines through Joseph's willingness to act when others were paralyzed by fear, demonstrating that true devotion often emerges most powerfully in the darkest hours.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **besought (Greek, _erōtáō'_):** From G2065, meaning "to interrogate; by implication, to request." This word signifies more than a casual ask; it implies an earnest, formal, or even pleading request. Joseph's petition to Pilate was not a timid suggestion but a serious, deliberate appeal, underscoring the gravity and urgency of his mission.
* **secretly (Greek, _krýptō'_):** From G2928, meaning "to conceal (properly, by covering); to hide (self), keep secret, secret(-ly)." This adverb vividly describes Joseph's prior discipleship. His faith was hidden, likely due to the "fear of the Jews" (G5401, _phóbos_, meaning "alarm or fright"), highlighting the significant risk associated with public allegiance to Jesus during this period.
* **take away (Greek, _aírō'_):** From G142, meaning "to lift up; by implication, to take up or away." This verb is used twice in the verse, first for Joseph's request "that he might take away the body" and then for his action "and took the body." It denotes the physical act of removal and carrying, emphasizing the practical and immediate nature of Joseph's task.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And after this Joseph of Arimathaea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews":** This introductory clause identifies the protagonist, Joseph, and immediately reveals his complex spiritual status. He is a genuine "disciple of Jesus," implying a personal commitment and learning from Christ, but this discipleship has been "secretly" maintained. The reason for his secrecy is explicitly stated: "for fear of the Jews," referring to the powerful and hostile Jewish authorities who had condemned Jesus. This sets up the dramatic shift in his character that is about to occur.
* **"besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus: and Pilate gave [him] leave.":** This is the core action of the verse. Joseph, despite his previous fear, now boldly "besought Pilate"—making an earnest, formal request—to "take away the body of Jesus." This was a highly unusual and risky request, as crucified bodies were typically left for public display or disposed of ignominiously. Pilate's immediate granting of "leave" (permission) is noteworthy, perhaps indicating his own desire to conclude the affair or a recognition of Joseph's standing.
* **"He came therefore, and took the body of Jesus.":** This final clause confirms the successful execution of Joseph's request. The phrase "He came therefore" indicates that Joseph acted promptly and decisively once permission was granted. He personally "took the body of Jesus," signifying his direct involvement and commitment to this solemn task, which was an act of profound reverence and compassion.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several significant literary devices. **Irony** is prominent, as Joseph, a "secret disciple" who previously acted "for fear of the Jews," is now the one who publicly and courageously steps forward to claim Jesus' body, while many of the overt disciples have fled. This highlights a reversal of roles and a powerful transformation of character. There is also a strong element of **Contrast** between Joseph's past fear and his present boldness, emphasizing the power of devotion to overcome human weakness. The phrase "fear of the Jews" functions as a **Motif** throughout John's Gospel, illustrating the pervasive pressure faced by those who might believe in Jesus ([John 7:13](/john/7-13 "John 7:13 - Fear of the Jews"), [John 9:22](/john/9-22 "John 9:22 - Fear of the Jews"), [John 12:42](/john/12-42 "John 12:42 - Fear of the Jews")). Finally, Joseph's action, particularly his provision of a tomb, serves as **Fulfillment of Prophecy**, implicitly connecting to Old Testament predictions of the Messiah's burial with the rich ([Isaiah 53:9](/isaiah/53-9 "Isaiah 53:9 - Prophecy of Messiah's Burial")), demonstrating God's sovereign hand even in apparent defeat.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
John 19:38 speaks profoundly to the nature of true discipleship and God's providential care. Joseph's transformation from a hidden follower to one who publicly identifies with the crucified Christ in His lowest moment demonstrates that genuine faith is not static but can emerge powerfully in crisis. His act of compassion and reverence, risking social and religious ostracization, underscores the dignity due to the dead and the importance of proper burial even for a condemned criminal. Theologically, it highlights that God often uses unexpected individuals and circumstances to fulfill His purposes, even in the darkest hours of human history.

* [Matthew 27:57-60](/matthew/27-57-60 "Matthew 27:57-60 - Joseph of Arimathaea and the Burial")
* [Mark 15:43-46](/mark/15-43-46 "Mark 15:43-46 - Joseph of Arimathaea's Courage")
* [Luke 23:50-53](/luke/23-50-53 "Luke 23:50-53 - Joseph of Arimathaea, a Good and Just Man")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Joseph of Arimathaea's story in John 19:38 offers a powerful challenge to contemporary believers. His journey from "secret disciple" to bold advocate for the crucified Jesus compels us to examine the areas in our own lives where fear or social pressure might be hindering our open identification with Christ. Are there contexts—professional, social, or familial—where we hesitate to speak or act on our faith because of potential repercussions? Joseph's courage in a moment of extreme vulnerability for Jesus reminds us that true devotion is often demonstrated not when it is convenient or popular, but when it is costly. His compassionate act of providing a proper burial also serves as a timeless example of showing respect and dignity, even in the face of death and despair, and reminds us that every act of service, no matter how small or seemingly insignificant, can be part of God's larger, sovereign plan.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life might you be a "secret disciple" due to fear of social or professional repercussions?**
* **What specific fears prevent you from more openly identifying with Christ in your daily life?**
* **How can Joseph's example inspire you to act with courage and compassion, even when it is costly or unpopular?**
* **In what ways might God be calling you to step out of your comfort zone to serve Him, even if it feels risky?**

### FAQ
**Why was Joseph of Arimathaea a "secret disciple"?**
Answer: Joseph was a secret disciple "for fear of the Jews," referring to the powerful Jewish religious authorities, particularly the Sanhedrin, who had condemned Jesus. Publicly associating with Jesus, especially after His crucifixion, could lead to severe social ostracization, excommunication from the synagogue, and potential persecution. As a prominent and wealthy member of the Sanhedrin himself (as indicated in [Matthew 27:57](/matthew/27-57 "Matthew 27:57 - Joseph of Arimathaea's Status")), Joseph had much to lose by openly declaring his allegiance to Jesus. His secrecy was a means of self-preservation in a hostile environment.

**What was the significance of taking Jesus' body for burial?**
Answer: The act of taking Jesus' body for burial was profoundly significant for several reasons. Firstly, according to Jewish law ([Deuteronomy 21:22-23](/deuteronomy/21-22-23 "Deuteronomy 21:22-23 - Law on Burial")), a crucified body could not remain exposed overnight, especially with the Sabbath approaching. Secondly, it was an act of profound reverence and compassion, ensuring that Jesus, despite being executed as a criminal, received a dignified burial rather than being left for public display or thrown into a common grave. Thirdly, Joseph's ability to secure the body and provide a tomb (as detailed in [John 19:41](/john/19-41 "John 19:41 - The Tomb in the Garden")) was crucial for the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy, specifically [Isaiah 53:9](/isaiah/53-9 "Isaiah 53:9 - Messiah's Burial with the Rich"), which foretold that the Messiah would be "with the rich in his death."

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
John 19:38, though seemingly a simple act of burial, is deeply Christ-centered in its implications. Joseph's courageous request and subsequent action ensure that Jesus' body is laid in a tomb, not merely fulfilling Old Testament prophecy about the Messiah being "with the rich in his death" ([Isaiah 53:9](/isaiah/53-9 "Prophecy of Messiah's Burial")), but also setting the stage for the ultimate triumph of the resurrection. The very act of placing Jesus in a tomb underscores the reality of His death, a necessary prerequisite for His glorious victory over death. Without a real death and burial, there could be no real resurrection. Thus, Joseph's act, prompted by divine providence, is an essential part of the larger redemptive narrative, leading directly to the empty tomb and the proclamation of new life. The burial of Jesus, though a moment of profound grief, was a temporary state, a necessary step before the power of God would raise Him from the dead, demonstrating His authority over sin and death, and securing eternal life for all who believe ([Romans 6:4](/romans/6-4 "Buried with Christ, Raised to New Life") and [1 Corinthians 15:3-4](/1_corinthians/15-3-4 "The Gospel Message")). Joseph's bold compassion, therefore, contributes to the very foundation of the Christian faith: the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Mark 15:42

¶ And now when the even was come, because it was the preparation, that is, the day before the sabbath,

Mark 15:47

And Mary Magdalene and Mary [the mother] of Joses beheld where he was laid.

Proverbs 29:25

¶ The fear of man bringeth a snare: but whoso putteth his trust in the LORD shall be safe.

Matthew 27:57

¶ When the even was come, there came a rich man of Arimathaea, named Joseph, who also himself was Jesus' disciple:

Matthew 27:61

And there was Mary Magdalene, and the other Mary, sitting over against the sepulchre.

John 7:13

Howbeit no man spake openly of him for fear of the Jews.

Luke 23:50

¶ And, behold, [there was] a man named Joseph, a counsellor; [and he was] a good man, and a just: