James 3:15

KJV

This wisdom descendeth not from above, but [is] earthly, sensual, devilish.

KJV (with Strong's)

This {G3778} wisdom {G4678} descendeth {G2076}{G2718} not {G3756} from above {G509}, but {G235} is earthly {G1919}, sensual {G5591}, devilish {G1141}.

Complete Jewish Bible

This wisdom is not the kind that comes down from above; on the contrary, it is worldly, unspiritual, demonic.

Berean Standard Bible

Such wisdom does not come from above, but is earthly, unspiritual, demonic.

American Standard Version

This wisdom is not a wisdom that cometh down from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
James 3:15 starkly defines a destructive form of "wisdom" that originates not from divine revelation but from a fallen, worldly, and even demonic source. This verse serves as a critical warning, contrasting this counterfeit wisdom—characterized by its earthly focus, carnal inclinations, and malevolent intent—with the pure, peaceable, and righteous wisdom that flows from God, setting the stage for a deeper understanding of the spiritual battle for truth and discernment within the community of faith.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** James 3:15 is situated within a broader discourse on the nature and power of the tongue, which James introduces as an unruly evil capable of immense destruction or blessing. The chapter begins by warning against the dangers of being a teacher, given the heightened responsibility for one's words. James then uses vivid imagery—a bit in a horse's mouth, a rudder on a ship, a spark igniting a forest fire—to illustrate the disproportionate power of the tongue, emphasizing its capacity to defile the entire body and set the course of one's life ablaze with the fires of hell. This leads into a crucial contrast between two types of wisdom. James 3:14 explicitly describes the presence of "bitter envying and strife" as indicators of a false wisdom, and verse 15 then precisely characterizes this ungodly wisdom before James pivots to describe the "wisdom that is from above" in [James 3:17](/james/3-17 "James 3:17 - Characteristics of Heavenly Wisdom"). Thus, James 3:15 functions as a diagnostic tool, providing the negative example against which true spiritual wisdom is measured.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** James's epistle is addressed to "the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad" ([James 1:1](/james/1-1 "James 1:1 - Greeting to the Scattered Tribes")), indicating Jewish Christians of the Dispersion. These early believers faced internal challenges, including social stratification, favoritism, and disputes, which often manifested through their speech and attitudes. In the Greco-Roman world, "wisdom" (sophia) was a highly valued concept, often associated with philosophical schools and intellectual prowess. However, this worldly wisdom frequently prioritized human reason, rhetorical skill, and self-advancement over divine truth or communal harmony. James's critique of "earthly, sensual, devilish" wisdom directly challenges these prevailing cultural notions, asserting that true wisdom is not merely intellectual or philosophical but moral and spiritual, originating from God. The emphasis on internal strife and external pressures suggests a community grappling with maintaining unity and purity in a challenging environment.
* **Key Themes:** James 3:15 contributes significantly to several key themes within the epistle. Firstly, it underscores the **nature of true versus false wisdom**, a recurring motif in wisdom literature (e.g., Proverbs). James distinguishes between a wisdom that leads to disorder and every evil work, and one that is "pure, then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be intreated" ([James 3:17](/james/3-17 "The Qualities of Godly Wisdom")). Secondly, it highlights the **source of conflict and division** within the community. The "envying and strife" mentioned in [James 3:14](/james/3-14 "James 3:14 - Envy and Strife as False Wisdom") and the "wars and fightings" described in [James 4:1](/james/4-1 "James 4:1 - Source of Conflicts") are directly linked to this ungodly wisdom, which prioritizes selfish desires over the common good. Thirdly, the verse touches upon the **spiritual warfare** aspect, identifying a "devilish" influence behind this destructive wisdom, reminding believers that not all human thought originates from a neutral place. Finally, it reinforces the broader theme of **practical faith and genuine righteousness**, demonstrating that true faith is not merely intellectual assent but is evidenced by the kind of wisdom one embodies and the fruit it produces in one's life and community, contrasting sharply with the "dead faith" discussed earlier in [James 2](/james/2 "James 2 - Faith and Works").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **earthly (Greek, _epígeios'_):** This term, derived from "upon" (epi) and "earth" (gē), denotes that which belongs to or is characteristic of the earth. In this context, it signifies a wisdom limited to the physical realm and human understanding, devoid of spiritual insight or heavenly perspective. It is bound by the world's values, concerns, and temporal priorities, rather than eternal ones.
* **sensual (Greek, _psychikós'_):** This word is derived from _psychē_ (soul or life principle) and refers to that which pertains to the natural, unregenerate soul or mind. It describes a wisdom driven by natural instincts, human reason, and unspiritual desires, apart from divine revelation or the influence of the Holy Spirit. It is the wisdom of the "natural man" who relies solely on his own faculties and carnal inclinations.
* **devilish (Greek, _daimoniṓdēs'_):** This is the strongest and most alarming descriptor, indicating that this wisdom is "daemon-like" or characteristic of demons. It implies that this wisdom is not merely humanly flawed but is inspired by or aligns with the purposes of evil, aiming to create chaos, division, and destruction, much like the schemes of the adversary. It suggests a malevolent, destructive quality inherent in this type of "wisdom."

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"This wisdom descendeth not from above":** This opening clause immediately establishes the negative origin of the wisdom James is describing. The phrase "from above" (ánōthen) clearly points to God as the source of true wisdom, as seen in [James 1:5](/james/1-5 "James 1:5 - God Gives Wisdom Generously"). By stating that "this wisdom" does not descend from this divine source, James categorically denies its heavenly, pure, or God-given nature. It is not divinely inspired or spiritually enlightened.
* **"but [is] earthly":** Following the strong contrast ("but"), James begins to characterize this false wisdom. "Earthly" (epígeios) signifies that its focus and concerns are entirely terrestrial and temporal. It is preoccupied with worldly affairs, material possessions, human status, and the pursuit of things that belong to this fallen world, rather than eternal spiritual realities. Its perspective is limited to what can be seen, touched, or achieved in the present life.
* **"sensual":** The term "sensual" (psychikós) points to the human soul or natural man, unregenerated by the Spirit. This wisdom is driven by natural human desires, appetites, and intellect, operating independently of divine guidance. It is carnal, focused on self-gratification, emotional impulses, and the reasoning of the unspiritual mind, which cannot comprehend spiritual truths ([1 Corinthians 2:14](/1_corinthians/2-14 "1 Corinthians 2:14 - The Natural Man Cannot Understand Spiritual Things")).
* **"devilish":** This final and most severe descriptor ("devilish" or daimoniṓdēs) reveals the ultimate, malevolent source and nature of this wisdom. It indicates that this wisdom is not merely human error or carnal desire but is actively influenced by or characteristic of demonic forces. It is inherently malicious, aiming to sow discord, promote envy, and incite strife, aligning with the destructive purposes of the adversary, who seeks to divide and destroy.

#### Literary Devices
James employs several potent **Literary Devices** to convey the nature of this false wisdom. The most prominent is **Contrast**, as James explicitly sets this "wisdom" against the "wisdom that is from above" ([James 3:17](/james/3-17 "James 3:17 - Wisdom from Above")). This stark juxtaposition highlights the fundamental difference in origin, character, and fruit between the two. Furthermore, James uses a powerful **Triadic Structure** in the culminating descriptors: "earthly, sensual, devilish." This builds a climactic progression, moving from a merely worldly focus to a carnal, self-centered orientation, and finally to a chillingly demonic influence. The use of these three adjectives serves as a comprehensive and escalating indictment of this ungodly wisdom. The entire passage also functions as a **Metaphor** for the source of internal strife, portraying a "wisdom" that is not truly wise but destructive, akin to a spiritual disease.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
James 3:15 stands as a profound theological statement on the nature of wisdom, asserting that not all intellectual or strategic acumen is inherently good or from God. It challenges the human tendency to equate cleverness or worldly success with true wisdom, revealing that such "wisdom" can, in fact, be rooted in the fallen human condition and even influenced by malevolent spiritual forces. This perspective aligns with biblical teaching that true wisdom begins with the fear of the Lord ([Proverbs 9:10](/proverbs/9-10 "Proverbs 9:10 - The Fear of the Lord is the Beginning of Wisdom")) and is a gift from God, contrasting sharply with the "wisdom of this world" which is foolishness to God ([1 Corinthians 1:20-25](/1_corinthians/1-20-25 "1 Corinthians 1:20-25 - The Foolishness of God is Wiser Than Human Wisdom")). The "devilish" aspect underscores the reality of spiritual warfare and the enemy's subtle tactics to sow discord and destruction within human communities, particularly within the church. It calls believers to a deeper discernment, recognizing that the source of their thoughts and motivations is paramount.

* [Proverbs 1:7](/proverbs/1-7 "Proverbs 1:7 - The Fear of the Lord")
* [1 Corinthians 2:6-8](/1_corinthians/2-6-8 "1 Corinthians 2:6-8 - The Wisdom of God Versus the Wisdom of the World")
* [Romans 8:5-8](/romans/8-5-8 "Romans 8:5-8 - Mind Set on the Flesh vs. Spirit")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
James 3:15 serves as a crucial mirror for self-examination, urging believers to critically assess the source and fruit of their own "wisdom." Do our thoughts, counsel, and actions consistently lead to peace, purity, and unity, or do they subtly foster envy, strife, and division? This verse challenges us to recognize that a focus on self-interest, worldly success, or human reasoning apart from divine truth can subtly lead us down a path that is not only ungodly but potentially aligned with destructive spiritual influences. We are called to cultivate a discerning spirit, recognizing the "earthly, sensual, devilish" characteristics in our own hearts and in the world around us. This means actively rejecting motivations that promote rivalry, gossip, or self-exaltation, and instead earnestly seeking the wisdom that is "from above"—a wisdom characterized by humility, a love for truth, and a fervent desire for the flourishing of others. Our pursuit of wisdom must be rooted in prayer and a deep reliance on God's Word, allowing it to transform our minds and hearts so that we may embody the peaceable and pure wisdom of Christ.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life do I tend to rely on "earthly" wisdom (e.g., prioritizing material gain, social status, or human approval over spiritual values)?**
* **How might "sensual" wisdom manifest in my decision-making (e.g., acting purely on emotion, personal preference, or carnal desires rather than spiritual principles)?**
* **Can I identify instances where "devilish" wisdom (e.g., promoting division, gossip, or malicious critique) might have influenced me or my community?**
* **What practical steps can I take to cultivate the "wisdom that is from above" in my daily interactions and choices?**

### FAQ

**What is the difference between "earthly," "sensual," and "devilish" wisdom?**

Answer: While distinct, these three terms in [James 3:15](/james/3-15 "James 3:15 - Characteristics of Ungodly Wisdom") describe progressive aspects of wisdom that is not from God. "Earthly" (epígeios) refers to wisdom that is limited to the physical world and its concerns; it lacks a spiritual or eternal perspective. It's focused on what can be seen, touched, or achieved in this life. "Sensual" (psychikós) refers to wisdom that originates from the unregenerate human soul or natural mind, driven by carnal desires, instincts, and human reasoning apart from divine revelation. It's the wisdom of the "natural man" ([1 Corinthians 2:14](/1_corinthians/2-14 "1 Corinthians 2:14 - The Natural Man")). "Devilish" (daimoniṓdēs) is the most severe descriptor, indicating that this wisdom is inspired by or characteristic of demons. It is inherently malicious, aiming to create chaos, division, and destruction, aligning with the purposes of the adversary. These terms move from a worldly focus to a carnal one, and finally to a malevolent, spiritual one, revealing the full scope of ungodly wisdom.

**How can I identify this "earthly, sensual, devilish" wisdom in my own life or in others?**

Answer: James provides clear indicators in the preceding verse, [James 3:14](/james/3-14 "James 3:14 - Envy and Strife"). This false wisdom is characterized by "bitter envying and strife in your hearts." Therefore, look for fruits such as jealousy, contention, division, selfish ambition, arrogance, and a lack of peace. If your "wisdom" or the counsel you receive consistently leads to conflict, disunity, or a focus on self-exaltation rather than humble service and peace, it is likely not from God. True wisdom, by contrast, is "pure, then peaceable, gentle, willing to yield, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality and without hypocrisy" ([James 3:17](/james/3-17 "The Qualities of Godly Wisdom")).

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
James 3:15, by describing wisdom that is "earthly, sensual, devilish," implicitly points to the absolute necessity and supremacy of Christ as the embodiment of true wisdom. While this verse warns against counterfeit wisdom, Jesus Christ is revealed in the New Testament as the very wisdom of God incarnate. Paul declares that Christ is "the power of God and the wisdom of God" ([1 Corinthians 1:24](/1_corinthians/1-24 "1 Corinthians 1:24 - Christ, the Wisdom of God")), and in Him "are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge" ([Colossians 2:3](/colossians/2-3 "Colossians 2:3 - Christ, in Whom All Treasures of Wisdom Are Hidden")). Unlike the wisdom described by James, which originates from below and leads to chaos, Jesus's wisdom descends "from above," perfectly reflecting the Father's will and leading to peace, righteousness, and life. His teachings, exemplified in the Sermon on the Mount ([Matthew 5](/matthew/5 "Matthew 5 - The Sermon on the Mount")), consistently challenged the "earthly" and "sensual" wisdom of His day, calling people to a kingdom perspective that prioritizes humility, love, and spiritual truth over worldly gain or selfish ambition. Through His life, death, and resurrection, Christ not only demonstrated divine wisdom but also made it accessible to believers. By receiving the Holy Spirit, who is the "Spirit of wisdom and revelation" ([Ephesians 1:17](/ephesians/1-17 "Ephesians 1:17 - Spirit of Wisdom and Revelation")), followers of Christ are transformed to think and act with wisdom that is pure, peaceable, and truly from God, fulfilling the call to live by a wisdom that is diametrically opposed to the "devilish" influences that seek to divide and destroy.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

James 3:17

But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, [and] easy to be intreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy.

James 1:17

Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning.

1 Corinthians 3:19

For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God. For it is written, He taketh the wise in their own craftiness.

Philippians 3:19

Whose end [is] destruction, whose God [is their] belly, and [whose] glory [is] in their shame, who mind earthly things.)

1 Corinthians 2:14

But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God: for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know [them], because they are spiritually discerned.

2 Corinthians 1:12

¶ For our rejoicing is this, the testimony of our conscience, that in simplicity and godly sincerity, not with fleshly wisdom, but by the grace of God, we have had our conversation in the world, and more abundantly to you-ward.

2 Corinthians 11:13

For such [are] false apostles, deceitful workers, transforming themselves into the apostles of Christ.