Genesis 39:8

KJV

But he refused, and said unto his master's wife, Behold, my master wotteth not what [is] with me in the house, and he hath committed all that he hath to my hand;

KJV (with Strong's)

But he refused {H3985}, and said {H559} unto his master's {H113} wife {H802}, Behold, my master {H113} wotteth {H3045} not what is with me in the house {H1004}, and he hath committed {H5414} all that he hath {H3426} to my hand {H3027};

Complete Jewish Bible

But he refused, saying to his master's wife, "Look, because my master has me, he doesn't know what's going on in this house. He has put all his possessions in my charge.

Berean Standard Bible

But he refused. “Look,” he said to his master’s wife, “with me here, my master does not concern himself with anything in his house, and he has entrusted everything he owns to my care.

American Standard Version

But he refused, and said unto his master’s wife, Behold, my master knoweth not what is with me in the house, and he hath put all that he hath into my hand:

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Genesis 39:8 powerfully illustrates Joseph's unwavering integrity and profound loyalty to both his earthly master and his divine Lord in the face of intense sexual temptation. Immediately following Potiphar's wife's persistent advances, Joseph decisively refuses her, articulating his deep respect for his master's trust and the extensive authority he had been granted over the entire household, thereby highlighting his steadfast commitment to moral purity and his recognition of the sacred boundaries of marriage.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is a pivotal moment in the unfolding narrative of Joseph's life, specifically within the account of his servitude in Potiphar's house. Having been [sold into slavery by his jealous brothers](/genesis/37-28 "Joseph sold into slavery in Genesis 37:28"), Joseph's initial circumstances were dire. However, the preceding verses (Genesis 39:2-6) establish that "the Lord was with Joseph," causing him to prosper and find favor in Potiphar's eyes. This divine blessing led Potiphar to entrust Joseph with complete oversight of his entire household and possessions, making him effectively the chief steward. This elevation, while a testament to Joseph's character and God's favor, also placed him in a uniquely vulnerable position. Potiphar's wife, observing Joseph's handsome appearance, began to pursue him daily, culminating in the direct proposition that Joseph vehemently rejects in this verse. His refusal sets the stage for the subsequent false accusation and Joseph's unjust imprisonment, yet it simultaneously reinforces his unyielding moral fortitude.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In ancient Egypt, household management was a crucial aspect of a wealthy official's life. A chief steward, like Joseph, held immense power and responsibility, overseeing all domestic affairs, finances, and servants. This position often required a high degree of trust, as the steward effectively managed the master's entire estate. While slavery existed, the level of trust placed in Joseph was exceptional, indicating his proven competence and loyalty. Furthermore, ancient Near Eastern societies, including Egypt, generally held a strong view of marital fidelity, even if practices sometimes deviated. Adultery was considered a grave offense, a violation of the husband's honor and property rights, and could carry severe penalties. For a slave to commit adultery with his master's wife would be an egregious betrayal of trust, potentially punishable by death. Joseph's understanding of these societal norms, coupled with a deeper, divinely-informed moral code, shaped his response.

* **Key Themes:** Genesis 39:8 contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the book of Genesis and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it underscores the theme of **Divine Presence and Providence**, as Joseph's success and ability to resist temptation are consistently attributed to "the Lord was with Joseph" ([Genesis 39:2](/genesis/39-2 "The Lord was with Joseph") and [Genesis 39:3](/genesis/39-3 "The Lord made all that Joseph did prosper")). Secondly, it highlights the theme of **Faithful Stewardship**, demonstrating Joseph's commitment to managing his master's affairs with integrity, even when faced with personal risk. This foreshadows the broader biblical teaching on being [faithful with what is entrusted to us](/luke/16-10 "Luke 16:10 - Faithfulness in Little Things"). Thirdly, the verse is central to the theme of **Integrity and Moral Purity**, showcasing Joseph's unwavering commitment to righteousness despite immense pressure. His refusal to sin, especially when no human eye (except the temptress's) was present, speaks to a deeply internalized moral compass. Finally, it exemplifies the theme of **Resisting Temptation**, providing a powerful model of immediate and decisive rejection of sin, rooted in a fear of God, which is further elaborated in [Genesis 39:9](/genesis/39-9 "Joseph's explanation for resisting temptation").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **refused (Hebrew, _mâʼên'_):** This word (H3985) signifies a strong, definitive rejection, indicating Joseph's immediate and unyielding stance against Potiphar's wife's advances. It suggests not merely a passive avoidance but an active and principled resistance, highlighting his moral resolve.
* **master (Hebrew, _ʼâdôwn'_):** This term (H113) refers to a sovereign, controller, lord, or owner. Joseph's repeated use of "my master" underscores his recognition of Potiphar's authority and his own subordinate, yet highly trusted, position. It emphasizes the hierarchical relationship and the profound betrayal that would ensue if he were to violate that trust.
* **hand (Hebrew, _yâd'_):** While literally referring to the physical hand (H3027), in this context, "to my hand" is a powerful idiom signifying the delegation of power, authority, and control. Potiphar had committed everything "to my hand," meaning Joseph had been given full dominion and management over the household, second only to Potiphar himself. Joseph's refusal is thus also a refusal to abuse the power and trust symbolized by this delegated authority.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"But he refused,"**: This opening phrase is crucial, indicating Joseph's immediate and unequivocal rejection of Potiphar's wife's advances. The conjunction "But" signals a decisive turning point, highlighting Joseph's active resistance rather than a passive or hesitant response. His refusal is not merely a reaction to a single proposition but a principled stand against ongoing temptation.
* **"and said unto his master's wife,"**: Joseph's verbal response, rather than silent avoidance, demonstrates his courage and clarity. He confronts the situation directly, articulating his reasons, which indicates a mature and firm resolve. The direct address to "his master's wife" underscores the gravity of the potential transgression, as it directly involves the sacred marital bond of the one who had placed immense trust in him.
* **"Behold, my master wotteth not what [is] with me in the house,"**: The archaic "wotteth not" means "knows not" or "is unaware." Joseph emphasizes the extraordinary level of trust Potiphar had placed in him. Potiphar had such complete confidence in Joseph's integrity and administrative capabilities that he did not scrutinize or monitor the daily affairs of his household. This profound trust meant Joseph operated with remarkable autonomy, making any betrayal even more heinous.
* **"and he hath committed all that he hath to my hand;"**: This clause further elaborates on the immense scope of Joseph's delegated authority. Potiphar had entrusted Joseph with virtually everything he owned—his possessions, his servants, and the management of his entire estate. The phrase "to my hand" idiomatically signifies complete control and stewardship. Joseph recognized that abusing this immense trust, particularly by defiling his master's marriage, would be a profound violation of the very foundation of his authority and a betrayal of the one who had elevated him.

#### Literary Devices
The passage employs several literary devices to enhance its impact. **Contrast** is evident in the stark difference between Joseph's unwavering integrity and Potiphar's wife's persistent, immoral advances. This highlights Joseph's exceptional character against a backdrop of depravity. **Irony** is present in the fact that Joseph, a slave, demonstrates greater moral freedom and adherence to principles than his master's wife, a woman of high status. Furthermore, the extensive trust placed in Joseph by Potiphar, intended to foster loyalty, becomes the very context for a temptation that, if succumbed to, would be the ultimate betrayal of that trust. The phrase "to my hand" serves as a powerful **Metonymy**, where "hand" represents the extensive authority and stewardship that Potiphar had delegated to Joseph, symbolizing the full scope of his responsibility and the sacred trust he was determined to uphold.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Joseph's resolute refusal in Genesis 39:8 is not merely an act of moral rectitude but a profound theological statement. It reveals a man whose integrity is rooted in a deep awareness of God's presence and a commitment to divine principles, even when facing personal cost. Joseph understood that his actions had implications beyond human consequences; they were ultimately before God. His faithfulness in managing Potiphar's household, culminating in this moment of resisting temptation, exemplifies the biblical call to faithful stewardship—recognizing that all we have and manage ultimately belongs to God, and we are accountable to Him. This integrity, born out of a desire to honor God and his master, serves as a powerful testament to the transformative power of God's presence in a believer's life, enabling them to stand firm against sin.

* [Genesis 39:2](/genesis/39-2 "The Lord was with Joseph") and [Genesis 39:3](/genesis/39-3 "The Lord made all that Joseph did prosper") - These verses repeatedly emphasize that Joseph's success and ability to resist temptation stemmed directly from the Lord's presence and blessing in his life.
* [Luke 16:10](/luke/16-10 "Luke 16:10 - Faithfulness in Little Things") - Joseph's handling of Potiphar's trust perfectly illustrates the principle of faithfulness in little things, showing that integrity in small matters prepares one for greater responsibilities and demonstrates true character.
* [James 4:7](/james/4-7 "James 4:7 - Resist the Devil") - Joseph's immediate and firm refusal aligns with the New Testament instruction to "resist the devil," demonstrating that a decisive stand against temptation is crucial for spiritual victory.

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Joseph's response in Genesis 39:8 offers a timeless paradigm for navigating temptation in our own lives, particularly in areas of trust and moral purity. It teaches us the critical importance of establishing and maintaining clear moral boundaries *before* temptation strikes, allowing for an immediate and decisive "no." We are called to recognize and honor the trust placed in us by others, whether in personal relationships, professional roles, or spiritual responsibilities, understanding that our actions reflect on our character and our walk with God. Joseph's integrity stemmed from prioritizing God and a clear conscience above fleeting pleasure or personal gain. His example reminds us that true strength in resisting sin comes not merely from avoiding human consequences, but from a deep-seated desire to please God, knowing that our ultimate accountability is to Him. This commitment empowers us to protect the integrity of our relationships and our own souls.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What are the "boundaries" or areas of trust in your life (e.g., relationships, finances, professional roles) where you might be vulnerable to temptation or betrayal?**
* **How can Joseph's immediate and firm "refusal" inform your own strategy for resisting temptation, rather than entertaining or negotiating with it?**
* **In what ways does your understanding of God's presence in your life strengthen your resolve to maintain integrity, even when no one else is watching?**

### FAQ

**Why was Joseph so quick and firm in his refusal?**

Answer: Joseph's immediate and firm refusal stemmed from a combination of deeply held principles: profound personal integrity, unwavering loyalty to his master who had placed immense trust in him, and most importantly, a deep-seated fear of God. As he explicitly states in the subsequent verse, [Genesis 39:9](/genesis/39-9 "Joseph's explanation for resisting temptation"), he viewed such an act as "great wickedness" and "sin against God." His quick response indicates a pre-established commitment to moral purity and a clear understanding of right and wrong, demonstrating that his moral compass was not swayed by circumstance or desire.

**What does "wotteth not" mean in this context?**

Answer: "Wotteth not" is an archaic English phrase from the King James Version, meaning "knows not" or "is unaware." In [Genesis 39:8](/genesis/39-8 "Joseph refuses Potiphar's wife"), Joseph uses it to emphasize the extraordinary extent of Potiphar's trust in him. Potiphar had given Joseph such complete freedom and authority over his household that he didn't even bother to monitor what was happening, except concerning his wife. This highlights the depth of Potiphar's confidence in Joseph's stewardship and the profound betrayal it would be to violate that trust.

**How did Joseph gain such a position of trust as a slave?**

Answer: Joseph's remarkable rise to such a position of trust was attributed primarily to the Lord's presence and blessing upon him. The text repeatedly states, "the Lord was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous man" ([Genesis 39:2](/genesis/39-2 "The Lord was with Joseph")). Potiphar observed that "the Lord made all that he did to prosper in his hand" ([Genesis 39:3](/genesis/39-3 "The Lord made all that Joseph did prosper")), leading him to recognize Joseph's exceptional administrative skills, diligence, and faithfulness. This divine favor, coupled with Joseph's demonstrated competence and integrity, earned him Potiphar's complete confidence, leading to his appointment as chief steward over the entire household.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Joseph's steadfast refusal of temptation in [Genesis 39:8](/genesis/39-8 "Joseph refuses Potiphar's wife") profoundly foreshadows Christ in several significant ways. Like Joseph, who was unjustly sold into servitude and served faithfully despite his circumstances, Christ perfectly obeyed His Father's will, even unto death on the cross ([Philippians/2-8](/philippians/2-8 "Philippians 2:8 - Christ's Obedience unto Death")). Joseph’s unwavering integrity in the face of sexual temptation, rooted in his loyalty to his master and, more deeply, to God, mirrors Christ's perfect righteousness and His absolute victory over all temptation, including the devil's direct assaults in the wilderness ([Matthew/4-1-11](/matthew/4-1-11 "Matthew 4:1-11 - The Temptation of Jesus")). Christ, the ultimate faithful steward, was entrusted with all authority in heaven and on earth by the Father ([Matthew/28-18](/matthew/28-18 "Matthew 28:18 - All Authority Given to Jesus")), and He never betrayed that trust. He perfectly upheld God's law and demonstrated the ultimate standard of purity and obedience, not for His own benefit, but to secure salvation for His people, becoming the [Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world](/john/1-29 "John 1:29 - Jesus, the Lamb of God"). Joseph's integrity, though admirable, points to the flawless, sinless life of Jesus, who alone could offer Himself as a perfect sacrifice.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Proverbs 22:14

¶ The mouth of strange women [is] a deep pit: he that is abhorred of the LORD shall fall therein.

Proverbs 1:10

¶ My son, if sinners entice thee, consent thou not.

Proverbs 23:26

My son, give me thine heart, and let thine eyes observe my ways.

Proverbs 23:28

She also lieth in wait as [for] a prey, and increaseth the transgressors among men.

Proverbs 7:5

That they may keep thee from the strange woman, from the stranger [which] flattereth with her words.

Proverbs 7:25

Let not thine heart decline to her ways, go not astray in her paths.

Proverbs 7:27

Her house [is] the way to hell, going down to the chambers of death.