Exodus 18:20

KJV

And thou shalt teach them ordinances and laws, and shalt shew them the way wherein they must walk, and the work that they must do.

KJV (with Strong's)

And thou shalt teach {H2094}{H853} them ordinances {H2706} and laws {H8451}, and shalt shew {H3045} them the way {H1870} wherein they must walk {H3212}, and the work {H4639} that they must do {H6213}.

Complete Jewish Bible

You should also teach them the laws and the teachings, and show them how to live their lives and what work they should do.

Berean Standard Bible

Teach them the statutes and laws, and show them the way to live and the work they must do.

American Standard Version

and thou shalt teach them the statutes and the laws, and shalt show them the way wherein they must walk, and the work that they must do.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Exodus 18:20 encapsulates Jethro’s divinely inspired counsel to Moses, articulating the foundational and comprehensive nature of divine instruction for the nascent nation of Israel. It defines Moses’ crucial responsibility as a spiritual leader: not merely to adjudicate disputes, but primarily to teach God’s people His revealed statutes and principles, thereby guiding their daily conduct, moral choices, and specific duties, ensuring their collective and individual walk aligns with God’s holy character and purposes for His covenant community.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This pivotal verse is situated within [Exodus 18](/exodus/18 "Exodus 18 - Jethro's Counsel and Delegation"), a narrative detailing Jethro’s visit to Moses in the wilderness. Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, observes Moses' unsustainable practice of single-handedly judging every dispute among the Israelites from morning until evening. Recognizing the immense burden on both Moses and the people, as highlighted in [Exodus 18:18](/exodus/18-18 "Exodus 18:18 - Jethro's Observation of Moses' Burden"), Jethro offers wise counsel. His advice, which Moses wisely heeds, proposes a strategic delegation of judicial authority. While Moses is to remain the primary mediator between God and the people, bringing their most difficult cases to the Lord, the bulk of the judicial workload for lesser matters is to be entrusted to capable, God-fearing men, as detailed in [Exodus 18:21-22](/exodus/18-21-22 "Exodus 18:21-22 - Jethro's Advice on Delegating Authority"). This restructuring frees Moses to focus on his unique and indispensable role as the primary conduit of divine revelation and instruction, ensuring the spiritual health and moral formation of the entire community, rather than being consumed by administrative tasks.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** At this point in their journey, the Israelites have recently been miraculously delivered from Egyptian bondage and are encamped at Mount Sinai, on the cusp of receiving the Mosaic Law. They are transitioning from a collection of freed slaves into a covenant nation, requiring a divine constitution, a structured society, and a clear understanding of their identity and responsibilities before God. In the ancient Near East, law codes and instructions were common, but Israel's distinctiveness lay in the divine origin of its laws, revealed directly by Yahweh. Moses, as the unique prophet and leader, was the sole recipient of this divine instruction. The immense challenge was not only receiving the Law but effectively disseminating it to a vast and diverse population, ensuring its practical application in daily life. Jethro’s counsel recognizes this immense task, emphasizing that the people need not only to *know* the laws but to be *taught* how to live by them, thereby establishing a society founded on divine principles rather than mere human decrees or the arbitrary judgments of a single leader. This period marks the foundational establishment of Israel’s identity as a people set apart by God’s instruction, laying the groundwork for the covenant at [Mount Sinai](/exodus/19 "Exodus 19 - Israel at Mount Sinai").
* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes significantly to several key themes prevalent in the book of Exodus and the Pentateuch. Firstly, it underscores the **centrality of divine revelation and instruction** as the foundation for Israel's existence and flourishing. God's "ordinances and laws" are not arbitrary but are essential for establishing a holy and just society. Secondly, it highlights the **importance of spiritual leadership** that prioritizes teaching and discipleship over mere administration. Moses' primary role is defined as that of an instructor, shaping the people's character and conduct according to God's will. Thirdly, it emphasizes the theme of **holistic obedience**, where divine truth is not just intellectually grasped but practically lived out in daily "walk" and "work." This anticipates the recurring emphasis in Deuteronomy on teaching the Law diligently to future generations, as seen in [Deuteronomy 6:7](/deuteronomy/6-7 "Deuteronomy 6:7 - Teaching the Commands to Your Children"). Finally, the verse subtly introduces the theme of **delegation and wise governance**, showing that even divinely appointed leaders need practical wisdom and support to effectively manage the demands of their calling, allowing them to focus on their unique, God-given responsibilities.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Teach (Hebrew, _zâhar'_):** From H2094, a primitive root meaning "to gleam; figuratively, to enlighten (by caution); admonish, shine, teach, (give) warn(-ing)." In this context, _zâhar_ signifies more than just imparting information; it implies illuminating, enlightening, and warning the people through instruction. Moses is to make God's will clear and vivid, providing caution and guidance that leads to understanding and obedience, much like a light shining on a path.
* **Ordinances (Hebrew, _chôq'_):** From H2706, meaning "an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage); appointed, bound, commandment, convenient, custom, decree(-d), due, law, measure, necessary, ordinance(-nary), portion, set time, statute, task." _Chôq_ refers to fixed, prescribed decrees or statutes, often implying something "engraved" or "cut in stone." These are the authoritative, non-negotiable pronouncements from God, establishing boundaries and principles that govern the covenant relationship, encompassing ritual, civil, and moral law.
* **Way (Hebrew, _derek'_):** From H1870, meaning "a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb; along, away, because of, by, conversation, custom, (east-) ward, journey, manner, passenger, through, toward, (high-) (path-) way(-side), whither(-soever)." In a spiritual or moral context, _derek_ signifies a course of life, a manner of conduct, or adherence to a particular standard. To "shew them the way" means to instruct them in the correct path of life, demonstrating how God's ordinances and laws are to be practically applied in their daily walk, encompassing ethical behavior, social interactions, and spiritual devotion.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And thou shalt teach them ordinances and laws":** This initial clause establishes Moses' paramount and most vital role as the divinely appointed instructor. He is not merely to transmit information but to actively "teach" (H2094, _zâhar_, to enlighten, warn, instruct) God's revealed will. The "ordinances" (H2706, _chôqîm_) refer to the fixed, authoritative statutes, while "laws" (H8451, _tôrōt_, plural of Torah) encompass the broader, comprehensive divine instruction and guidance. Together, they represent the full scope of God's revealed will, which Moses is uniquely positioned to receive and impart to the people, ensuring their understanding of divine expectations.
* **"and shalt shew them the way wherein they must walk":** This phrase emphasizes the practical application and demonstration of God's instruction. Moses is to "shew" (H3045, _yâdaʿ_, Hiphil, "to cause to know, instruct, make known") the people the "way" (H1870, _derek_), or path, of life that aligns with God's will. This goes beyond mere intellectual understanding; it involves modeling and guiding them in how to live righteously, ethically, and in obedience to God’s commands in their daily lives. It implies a holistic pattern of conduct and moral living, where the divine commands translate into tangible, lived experience.
* **"and the work that they must do":** This final clause specifies the concrete responsibilities and duties that flow from understanding and walking in God's way. "The work" (H4639, _maʻăseh_) encompasses all the specific actions, rituals, civic responsibilities, and personal obligations that God expects from His covenant people, to "do" (H6213, _ʻâsâh_). This includes their worship, their interactions with one another, their justice system, and their contributions to the community. It ensures that the divine instruction translates into tangible, obedient actions that contribute to the order, holiness, and flourishing of the Israelite community, making their faith practical and visible.

#### Literary Devices
Exodus 18:20 employs several significant literary devices to convey its profound message. **Parallelism** is evident in the repeated grammatical structure and thematic progression across the three clauses: "thou shalt teach them ordinances and laws," "and shalt shew them the way wherein they must walk," and "and the work that they must do." This creates a rhythmic emphasis on Moses' comprehensive instructional role. The phrases also exhibit a form of **climax** or **progression**, moving from the foundational reception of divine revelation ("ordinances and laws") to the practical application in daily conduct ("the way wherein they must walk"), and finally to specific, tangible responsibilities and duties ("the work that they must do"). The concept of "the way wherein they must walk" functions as a powerful **metaphor** for a lifestyle or course of conduct, contrasting with a literal physical path, highlighting the moral and spiritual dimension of their journey. The entire verse is inherently **didactic**, serving as a direct instruction on the nature of spiritual leadership and the vital, comprehensive role of teaching within the covenant community.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Exodus 18:20 underscores the profound theological truth that God is a God of order, who graciously reveals His character and will to His people not only for their salvation but for their sanctification and flourishing. It highlights the essential role of divine instruction in shaping a covenant community, emphasizing that true freedom and blessedness are found in obedient adherence to God's revealed "ordinances and laws." This instruction provides the moral and ethical framework for all of life, guiding every "way" and "work," ensuring that Israel's identity is rooted in God's revealed truth. The verse foreshadows the centrality of God's Word throughout Israel's history, establishing a pattern where spiritual leadership is inextricably linked to diligent teaching and practical application of divine truth, ensuring that the people walk in a manner worthy of their calling as God's chosen nation, reflecting His holiness to the world.

* [Deuteronomy 6:6-7](/deuteronomy/6-6-7 "Deuteronomy 6:6-7 - Teaching God's Commands Diligently")
* [Psalm 119:105](/psalms/119-105 "Psalm 119:105 - God's Word as a Lamp and Light")
* [Nehemiah 8:8](/nehemiah/8-8 "Nehemiah 8:8 - Ezra and the Levites Explaining the Law")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Exodus 18:20 speaks powerfully to the enduring need for clear, consistent, and comprehensive spiritual instruction in every generation and context. For leaders, whether in the church, family, or community, it serves as a profound reminder that true leadership is not merely about administration, problem-solving, or crisis management, but fundamentally about teaching and modeling God's truth. It calls us to diligently impart God's "ordinances and laws," demonstrating "the way wherein they must walk" by our own lives and example, and clarifying "the work that they must do" as faithful disciples. For every individual believer, this verse underscores the personal responsibility to immerse ourselves in God’s Word, allowing it to shape our understanding, guide our steps, and define our service. It challenges us to move beyond passive reception to active application, ensuring that our daily lives reflect the divine principles we profess. A community, family, or church that prioritizes the diligent teaching and living out of God's Word will be one marked by order, purpose, spiritual vitality, and a vibrant witness to His transforming power in a chaotic world.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what specific areas of my life do I most need God's "ordinances and laws" to guide my "way" and "work"?**
* **How am I, as a leader (parent, teacher, mentor, church leader), actively teaching and modeling God's truth to those under my influence, beyond mere instruction?**
* **What specific "work" or duties do I believe God is calling me to do in light of His revealed will, and how am I preparing to do it?**
* **How can I more intentionally "walk" in the way God has prescribed, ensuring my actions and character consistently align with His instructions?**

### FAQ

**What is the practical difference between "ordinances" and "laws" in this verse?**

Answer: While often used together and broadly referring to God's commands, "ordinances" (Hebrew: _ḥuqqîm_, H2706) typically refers to specific, fixed decrees or statutes, often with a sense of being "engraved" or "prescribed." These are the non-negotiable, foundational rules, such as those related to purity, sacrifice, or civil justice. "Laws" (Hebrew: _tôrōt_, plural of _Torah_, H8451) has a broader meaning of "instruction" or "teaching." It encompasses the entire body of God's revealed guidance, including narratives, wisdom, and ethical principles, not just the legal codes. So, "ordinances" are specific, authoritative rules, while "laws" represent the comprehensive divine instruction that shapes a way of life. Moses was to teach both the specific commands and the overarching divine wisdom for living, ensuring a holistic understanding and application of God's will.

**How does this verse apply to spiritual leadership in the church today?**

Answer: Exodus 18:20 provides a timeless blueprint for spiritual leadership. Just as Moses was to teach God's people, leaders in the church today are primarily called to be faithful teachers and exemplars of God's Word. This involves not only preaching and instructing from the Scriptures but also demonstrating how biblical principles apply to daily life ("shew them the way wherein they must walk"). Effective spiritual leadership equips believers to understand their responsibilities and duties ("the work that they must do") within the body of Christ and in the world. It emphasizes that sound doctrine and practical discipleship are essential for the health and maturity of God's people, preventing burnout for leaders and confusion for the flock, as seen in [Ephesians 4:11-12](/ephesians/4-11-12 "Ephesians 4:11-12 - Equipping the Saints for Ministry") where apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, and teachers are given "to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ."

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Exodus 18:20, with its profound emphasis on divine instruction and the "way" of obedient living, finds its ultimate and perfect fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. While Moses was the great law-giver and teacher of Israel, he merely pointed to the One who is the very embodiment of God's "ordinances and laws." Jesus declared that He did not come to abolish the Law but to fulfill it ([Matthew 5:17](/matthew/5-17 "Matthew 5:17 - Jesus Fulfills the Law")), perfectly living out every divine command and revealing the true spirit behind them through His life, death, and resurrection. He is not merely a teacher of "the way"; He is "the Way, the Truth, and the Life" ([John 14:6](/john/14-6 "John 14:6 - Jesus is the Way, the Truth, and the Life")), embodying the very path that humanity must walk to be reconciled to God and live righteously. As the ultimate Good Shepherd, Jesus teaches His sheep by His words and His example, leading them in paths of righteousness for His name's sake ([Psalm 23:3](/psalms/23-3 "Psalm 23:3 - He Leads Me in Paths of Righteousness")). The "work that they must do" is ultimately to believe in Him whom God has sent ([John 6:29](/john/6-29 "The Work of God is to Believe in Jesus")), and then to live out that faith in loving obedience, empowered by the Holy Spirit. Through Christ, God's instruction is not just a set of external rules but an internal transformation, written on the heart by the new covenant ([Jeremiah 31:33](/jeremiah/31-33 "Jeremiah 31:33 - The New Covenant Written on the Heart") and [Hebrews 8:10](/hebrews/8-10 "The Law Written on Their Hearts")), enabling believers to truly walk in His way and perform the good works prepared for them in advance ([Ephesians 2:10](/ephesians/2-10 "Ephesians 2:10 - Created for Good Works in Christ Jesus")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Deuteronomy 5:1

¶ And Moses called all Israel, and said unto them, Hear, O Israel, the statutes and judgments which I speak in your ears this day, that ye may learn them, and keep, and do them.

Psalms 143:8

Cause me to hear thy lovingkindness in the morning; for in thee do I trust: cause me to know the way wherein I should walk; for I lift up my soul unto thee.

Deuteronomy 1:18

And I commanded you at that time all the things which ye should do.

Deuteronomy 4:1

¶ Now therefore hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you, for to do [them], that ye may live, and go in and possess the land which the LORD God of your fathers giveth you.

Deuteronomy 4:5

Behold, I have taught you statutes and judgments, even as the LORD my God commanded me, that ye should do so in the land whither ye go to possess it.

Psalms 32:8

I will instruct thee and teach thee in the way which thou shalt go: I will guide thee with mine eye.

Exodus 18:16

When they have a matter, they come unto me; and I judge between one and another, and I do make [them] know the statutes of God, and his laws.