Exodus30

Exodus 30 details further instructions for the Tabernacle's construction and service. It describes the golden altar of incense and its perpetual use, along with the brass laver for priestly washing. The chapter also mandates a half-shekel ransom for every numbered Israelite and provides precise recipes for the holy anointing oil and the sacred incense, emphasizing their exclusive, consecrated use.
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The Altar of Incense

1
And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon: of shittim wood shalt thou make it. ​
2
A cubit shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof; foursquare shall it be: and two cubits shall be the height thereof: the horns thereof shall be of the same.
3
And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and thou shalt make unto it a crown of gold round about.
4
And two golden rings shalt thou make to it under the crown of it, by the two corners thereof, upon the two sides of it shalt thou make it; and they shall be for places for the staves to bear it withal.
5
And thou shalt make the staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold.
6
And thou shalt put it before the vail that is by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy seat that is over the testimony, where I will meet with thee. ​
7
And Aaron shall burn thereon sweet incense every morning: when he dresseth the lamps, he shall burn incense upon it.
8
And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at even, he shall burn incense upon it, a perpetual incense before the LORD throughout your generations. ​
9
Ye shall offer no strange incense thereon, nor burnt sacrifice, nor meat offering; neither shall ye pour drink offering thereon. ​
10
And Aaron shall make an atonement upon the horns of it once in a year with the blood of the sin offering of atonements: once in the year shall he make atonement upon it throughout your generations: it is most holy unto the LORD. ​
11
And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

The Ransom Money (Census Tax)

12
When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel after their number, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul unto the LORD, when thou numberest them; that there be no plague among them, when thou numberest them. ​
13
This they shall give, every one that passeth among them that are numbered, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary: (a shekel is twenty gerahs:) an half shekel shall be the offering of the LORD. ​
14
Every one that passeth among them that are numbered, from twenty years old and above, shall give an offering unto the LORD.
15
The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less than half a shekel, when they give an offering unto the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls. ​
16
And thou shalt take the atonement money of the children of Israel, and shalt appoint it for the service of the tabernacle of the congregation; that it may be a memorial unto the children of Israel before the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls.
17
And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

The Bronze Laver for Washing

18
Thou shalt also make a laver of brass, and his foot also of brass, to wash withal: and thou shalt put it between the tabernacle of the congregation and the altar, and thou shalt put water therein. ​
19
For Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet thereat:
20
When they go into the tabernacle of the congregation, they shall wash with water, that they die not; or when they come near to the altar to minister, to burn offering made by fire unto the LORD: ​
21
So they shall wash their hands and their feet, that they die not: and it shall be a statute for ever to them, even to him and to his seed throughout their generations.
22
Moreover the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

The Holy Anointing Oil

23
Take thou also unto thee principal spices, of pure myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekels, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty shekels, ​
24
And of cassia five hundred shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, and of oil olive an hin:
25
And thou shalt make it an oil of holy ointment, an ointment compound after the art of the apothecary: it shall be an holy anointing oil. ​
26
And thou shalt anoint the tabernacle of the congregation therewith, and the ark of the testimony,
27
And the table and all his vessels, and the candlestick and his vessels, and the altar of incense,
28
And the altar of burnt offering with all his vessels, and the laver and his foot.
29
And thou shalt sanctify them, that they may be most holy: whatsoever toucheth them shall be holy. ​
30
And thou shalt anoint Aaron and his sons, and consecrate them, that they may minister unto me in the priest's office.
31
And thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel, saying, This shall be an holy anointing oil unto me throughout your generations.
32
Upon man's flesh shall it not be poured, neither shall ye make any other like it, after the composition of it: it is holy, and it shall be holy unto you.
33
Whosoever compoundeth any like it, or whosoever putteth any of it upon a stranger, shall even be cut off from his people. ​

The Sacred Incense Formula

34
And the LORD said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum; these sweet spices with pure frankincense: of each shall there be a like weight: ​
35
And thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure and holy:
36
And thou shalt beat some of it very small, and put of it before the testimony in the tabernacle of the congregation, where I will meet with thee: it shall be unto you most holy. ​
37
And as for the perfume which thou shalt make, ye shall not make to yourselves according to the composition thereof: it shall be unto thee holy for the LORD.
38
Whosoever shall make like unto that, to smell thereto, shall even be cut off from his people. ​

Study Notes for Exodus 30

Verse 1

This small altar stood inside the Holy Place, closer to the veil than the large bronze altar outside. It symbolized the prayers of the people continually rising to God (cf. Revelation 8:3-4).

Verse 6

The altar’s placement 'before the vail' meant it was directly in front of the Holy of Holies, emphasizing that access to God (where He meets them) is dependent on prayer and intercession.

Verse 8

The incense was offered morning and evening, corresponding to the daily sacrifices, establishing a continual rhythm of worship and fellowship before the Lord.

Verse 9

Offering 'strange incense' (or unauthorized fire) was strictly forbidden, as seen later in the judgment of Nadab and Abihu. This emphasizes that worship must follow God's specific, prescribed instructions.

Verse 10

This annual cleansing (on the Day of Atonement) showed that even the instruments of daily intercession needed purification from the ritual contamination of sinful humanity.

Verse 12

The requirement for a ransom (Hebrew *kopher*) signifies that every life belonged to God and required payment for atonement, preventing divine judgment (plague) upon the nation when numbered.

Verse 13

The 'shekel of the sanctuary' was the standard holy weight, ensuring accuracy and consistency in tithes and offerings. The half-shekel was a fixed, mandatory tax.

Verse 15

The equality of the contribution stresses that all souls are equally valuable before God. Atonement is not based on wealth or social status, but on membership in the covenant community.

Verse 18

The Laver stood between the altar of burnt offering and the Tabernacle entrance. Priests had to pass through sacrifice (altar) and purification (laver) before ministry.

Verse 20

Failure to purify symbolized bringing human defilement into God's holy presence, resulting in immediate death. This ritual represents the necessity of moral cleansing for ministry.

Verse 23

The ingredients listed (myrrh, cinnamon, calamus, cassia) were rare and expensive, underscoring the precious and unique nature of the oil dedicated exclusively to God’s service.

Verse 25

This was a specially formulated, consecrated compound, distinguishing the objects and persons it touched as set apart and sanctified for sacred use.

Verse 29

The oil imparted a sacred status; touching the anointed objects meant becoming 'most holy' (set apart), requiring careful handling and respect for God's consecrated property.

Verse 33

The penalty of being 'cut off' (excommunication or death) highlights the seriousness of profaning holy items by using them for common purposes or by unauthorized people.

Verse 34

Like the oil, the incense required precise, complex ingredients (stacte, onycha, galbanum, frankincense). This emphasized the uniqueness and purity required for approaching the divine presence in worship.

Verse 36

The incense was placed before the Testimony (Ark/Mercy Seat), signifying that the prayers and intercession rose from the very place of God's covenant and presence.

Verse 38

This prohibition ensured that the specific fragrance associated with God's worship was never replicated or cheapened for personal enjoyment, maintaining its sacred distinction.

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