Acts 24:10

KJV

¶ Then Paul, after that the governor had beckoned unto him to speak, answered, Forasmuch as I know that thou hast been of many years a judge unto this nation, I do the more cheerfully answer for myself:

KJV (with Strong's)

Then {G1161} Paul {G3972}, after that the governor {G2232} had beckoned {G3506} unto him {G846} to speak {G3004}, answered {G611}, Forasmuch as I know {G1987} that thou {G4571} hast been {G5607} of {G1537} many {G4183} years {G2094} a judge {G2923} unto this {G5129} nation {G1484}, I do {G626} the more cheerfully {G2115} answer {G626} for {G4012} myself {G1683}:

Complete Jewish Bible

When the governor motioned for Sha’ul to speak, he replied, “I know that you have been judge over this nation for a number of years, so I am glad to make my defense.

Berean Standard Bible

When the governor motioned for Paul to speak, he began his response: “Knowing that you have been a judge over this nation for many years, I gladly make my defense.

American Standard Version

And when the governor had beckoned unto him to speak, Paul answered, Forasmuch as I know that thou hast been of many years a judge unto this nation, I cheerfully make my defence:

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Acts 24:10 records the commencement of Paul's defense before Governor Felix in Caesarea, following his arrest in Jerusalem. With the governor's permission, Paul begins his address by acknowledging Felix's extensive and long-standing experience as a judge over the Jewish nation, a strategic opening designed to establish a respectful tone and imply that Felix possesses the necessary understanding to adjudicate his case fairly. This verse highlights Paul's composure and readiness to present his defense, even as a prisoner facing serious accusations.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within a critical phase of Paul's ministry, immediately following his arrest in Jerusalem and his miraculous rescue from a mob (Acts 21). After a thwarted plot against his life, Paul is transferred to Caesarea, the Roman provincial capital, to stand trial before Governor Felix. Acts 24:10 marks the beginning of Paul's formal defense, setting the stage for his eloquent and theologically rich discourse that follows in [Acts 24:11-21](/acts/24-11-21 "Acts 24:11-21 - Paul's Defense Before Felix"). This trial is part of a series of legal encounters Paul faces, which ultimately propel him toward Rome, fulfilling the divine promise given to him in [Acts 23:11](/acts/23-11 "Acts 23:11 - The Lord's Assurance to Paul"). The preceding verses ([Acts 24:1-9](/acts/24-1-9 "Acts 24:1-9 - Tertullus's Accusation Against Paul")) detail the accusations brought against Paul by the high priest Ananias and the orator Tertullus, making Paul's opening statement a direct response to these charges.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Governor Antonius Felix served as the Roman procurator of Judea from approximately AD 52 to 58. He was known for his shrewdness, but also for his corruption and cruelty, as noted by historians like Tacitus and Josephus. His "many years" of service (likely around six to eight years by this point) meant he was well-acquainted with Jewish customs, political factions, and religious disputes, which Paul subtly leverages in his opening. Caesarea Maritima, where the trial took place, was a major Roman administrative and military center, distinct from Jerusalem, which was the heart of Jewish religious life. The Roman legal system, while often influenced by political expediency and personal gain, generally afforded defendants the right to present a defense, especially for Roman citizens like Paul. This context underscores the precarious yet formally structured environment in which Paul found himself, dependent on the governor's disposition.
* **Key Themes:** Paul's opening words in [Acts 24:10](/acts/24-10 "Acts 24:10 - Paul's Opening Statement to Felix") introduce several significant themes. Firstly, **Respectful Engagement with Authority** is evident, as Paul, despite being a prisoner, addresses Felix with deference, acknowledging his position and experience. This is not mere flattery but a strategic and principled approach consistent with biblical teaching on submission to governing authorities, as seen in [Romans 13:1-7](/romans/13-1-7 "Romans 13:1-7 - Submission to Governing Authorities"). Secondly, Paul demonstrates **Strategic Apologetics**, using his introduction to subtly appeal to Felix's presumed understanding of Jewish affairs, thereby laying groundwork for a more favorable hearing. Thirdly, Paul's declaration, "I do the more cheerfully answer for myself," reveals his **Confidence and Composure in Adversity**. This reflects a deep trust in God and the truth of the gospel, a characteristic consistently displayed throughout his trials, including his later defense before King Agrippa in [Acts 26:1-29](/acts/26-1-29 "Acts 26:1-29 - Paul's Defense Before Agrippa").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **judge (Greek, _kritḗs'_):** From the verb _krinō_, meaning "to judge" or "to decide," _kritḗs_ refers to one who exercises judicial authority, a magistrate, or an arbiter. Paul's acknowledgment of Felix as a "judge" (G2923) is a formal recognition of his official role and legal power, setting a tone of respect for the court's authority.
* **nation (Greek, _éthnos'_):** This term (G1484) typically refers to a race, tribe, or people, often with the implication of a non-Jewish or pagan group. In this context, "this nation" specifically refers to the Jewish people over whom Felix had jurisdiction. Paul's choice of _éthnos_ for the Jewish people, while not exclusively used for Gentiles, highlights their distinct identity under Roman rule and Felix's long-standing experience in governing them.
* **cheerfully (Greek, _eúthymos'_):** Derived from _eu_ (well) and _thymos_ (spirit/temper), this adjective (G2115) means "in good spirits," "cheerful," or "ready." The comparative form used here, _euthymoteron_, implies "more cheerfully" or "more readily." Paul's use of this word conveys not a reluctant duty, but an eager and confident willingness to present his defense, underscoring his internal peace and conviction despite his circumstances.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Then Paul, after that the governor had beckoned unto him to speak, answered,"**: This clause establishes the immediate setting and action. Paul, having been accused, waits for the formal signal from Governor Felix to begin his defense. The word "answered" (G611, _apokrinomai_) here functions not merely as a reply but as the commencement of a formal address, a common Hebraism for beginning a speech in response to a preceding event or expectation.
* **"Forasmuch as I know that thou hast been of many years a judge unto this nation,"**: This is Paul's opening rhetorical move. He acknowledges Felix's extensive tenure and judicial experience over the Jewish people. This statement serves multiple purposes: it is a respectful address to authority, a subtle appeal to Felix's presumed understanding of Jewish law and customs (which are central to Paul's case), and an attempt to establish common ground or at least a favorable disposition from the judge.
* **"I do the more cheerfully answer for myself:"**: This concluding phrase reveals Paul's attitude. Despite being a prisoner facing serious charges that could lead to his death, Paul expresses a confident and willing readiness to present his defense. The "more cheerfully" (G2115, _euthymoteron_) indicates a positive and eager disposition, not one of resignation or fear. This reflects Paul's conviction in the truth of his message and his trust in God's sovereignty over his circumstances. The phrase "answer for myself" (G626, _apologeomai_) literally means "to make a defense" or "to give an account," highlighting the legal nature of the proceedings.

#### Literary Devices
Paul's opening statement in Acts 24:10 employs several effective **Rhetorical Strategies**. His initial address to Felix is a masterful use of **Ethos**, attempting to establish credibility and goodwill with his judge by acknowledging Felix's long-standing authority and experience. This respectful opening aims to disarm potential prejudice and create an environment conducive to a fair hearing. Furthermore, there is a subtle **Irony** in Paul's compliment; while he acknowledges Felix's long tenure, Felix was widely known for his corruption and avarice, making Paul's "cheerful" readiness to answer before such a figure a testament to his profound faith and courage, rather than an endorsement of Felix's character. The phrase "I do the more cheerfully answer for myself" also serves as a powerful statement of **Confidence** and **Composure**, contrasting Paul's status as a prisoner with his inner fortitude and willingness to articulate his case.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Acts 24:10 offers profound theological insights into how believers should engage with secular authority and face adversity. Paul's respectful yet confident demeanor before Governor Felix exemplifies a practical outworking of Christian principles regarding submission to governing authorities, as outlined in the New Testament. His willingness to "cheerfully answer" underscores the importance of being prepared to articulate one's faith and actions, not out of fear or obligation, but from a place of conviction and trust in God's sovereign plan. This passage reminds us that even in challenging or unjust circumstances, God can use our trials as platforms for proclaiming His truth and demonstrating the power of His Spirit.

* [1 Peter 3:15](/1_peter/3-15 "1 Peter 3:15 - Always Be Prepared to Give an Answer"): "But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts: and be ready always to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear:"
* [Romans 13:1](/romans/13-1 "Romans 13:1 - Submission to Governing Authorities"): "Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God."
* [Philippians 1:12](/philippians/1-12 "Philippians 1:12 - Paul's Imprisonment for the Gospel"): "But I would ye should understand, brethren, that the things which happened unto me have fallen out rather unto the furtherance of the gospel;"

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Paul's conduct in Acts 24:10 provides a powerful model for believers navigating a world that may be indifferent or hostile to their faith. His respectful acknowledgment of Felix's authority, even while preparing to defend himself against false accusations, teaches us the value of civility and honor towards those in positions of power, regardless of their personal character or our agreement with their policies. This does not imply compromise but strategic engagement. Furthermore, Paul's "cheerful" readiness to speak, despite being a prisoner, challenges us to cultivate a similar spirit of confidence and composure when our faith is questioned or when we face difficult circumstances. It reminds us that our assurance comes not from our external situation but from our internal conviction in Christ. We are called to be prepared, with both wisdom and grace, to articulate the hope that is within us, trusting that God can use even our trials for His greater purposes.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How can we emulate Paul's respectful yet confident approach when engaging with those in authority, especially when facing opposition or misunderstanding?**
* **In what ways does Paul's "cheerful" readiness to answer challenge our own attitudes when called to defend our faith or actions in uncomfortable situations?**
* **How does recognizing God's sovereignty in difficult circumstances, like Paul's trial, empower us to face our own challenges with greater peace and purpose?**

### FAQ
**Why did Paul acknowledge Felix's long tenure as a judge?**

Answer: Paul's acknowledgment of Felix's "many years" as a judge was a shrewd and strategic rhetorical move. It served several purposes: first, it was a respectful opening, showing deference to the governor's authority, which was crucial in a Roman court. Second, it subtly implied that Felix, given his extensive experience, would be well-versed in Jewish customs, laws, and the various factions within Judea, and thus better equipped to understand the nuances of Paul's case, which revolved around Jewish religious disputes. This established common ground and appealed to Felix's sense of justice or at least his professional pride, setting a more favorable tone for Paul's defense.

**What does "cheerfully answer for myself" imply about Paul's state of mind?**

Answer: The phrase "cheerfully answer for myself" (Greek: _euthymoteron apologeomai_) reveals Paul's remarkable state of mind: one of confidence, readiness, and inner peace, rather than fear or resignation. Despite being a prisoner facing potentially life-threatening charges, Paul was not merely willing but eager and confident to present his defense. This attitude stems from his conviction in the truth of the gospel and his trust in God's sovereign plan for his life and ministry, even amidst adversity. It suggests that Paul viewed this trial not just as a legal obligation but as an opportunity to bear witness to Christ.

**Was Governor Felix considered a just or good judge by historical accounts?**

Answer: Historically, Governor Felix was not considered a just or good judge. Roman historians like Tacitus and Josephus portray him as a corrupt, avaricious, and cruel procurator who often used his position for personal gain. Tacitus famously described his rule as one of "all cruelty and lust, exercising royal power with the disposition of a slave" (Histories 5.9). Therefore, Paul's compliment regarding Felix's long tenure was likely a rhetorical strategy to gain a fair hearing rather than a genuine endorsement of Felix's character or judicial integrity. Felix's subsequent actions, including keeping Paul imprisoned for two years in hopes of a bribe ([Acts 24:26-27](/acts/24-26-27 "Acts 24:26-27 - Felix's Delay and Departure")), further confirm his corrupt nature.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Paul's cheerful readiness to "answer for myself" before Governor Felix in [Acts 24:10](/acts/24-10 "Acts 24:10 - Paul's Opening Statement to Felix") finds its ultimate fulfillment and meaning in the person and work of Jesus Christ. Paul's defense is not merely a legal plea but an apologetic for the gospel, which is entirely centered on Christ. Just as Paul confidently presented his case, Jesus Himself stood before earthly authorities, including Pilate and Herod, giving a perfect witness to the truth, even when it led to His condemnation ([John 18:37](/john/18-37 "John 18:37 - Jesus' Kingdom and Truth")). Paul's composure and willingness to suffer for the sake of the gospel reflect the Lord's own unwavering commitment to His mission, even unto death on the cross ([Philippians 2:8](/philippians/2-8 "Philippians 2:8 - Christ's Obedience to Death")). Ultimately, Paul's trials, including this one before Felix, were part of God's sovereign plan to spread the message of Christ to the Gentile world and eventually to Rome ([Acts 23:11](/acts/23-11 "The Lord's Assurance to Paul")). Thus, Paul's "cheerful" defense is a living testament to the power of the resurrected Christ, who empowers His followers to boldly proclaim His truth in all circumstances, knowing that He has already triumphed over all opposition ([Colossians 2:15](/colossians/2-15 "Colossians 2:15 - Christ's Triumph Over Principalities and Powers")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Peter 3:15

But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts: and [be] ready always to [give] an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear:

Acts 26:1

¶ Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Thou art permitted to speak for thyself. Then Paul stretched forth the hand, and answered for himself:

Acts 13:16

Then Paul stood up, and beckoning with [his] hand said, Men of Israel, and ye that fear God, give audience.

Acts 18:15

But if it be a question of words and names, and [of] your law, look ye [to it]; for I will be no judge of such [matters].

Luke 18:2

Saying, There was in a city a judge, which feared not God, neither regarded man:

Luke 12:14

And he said unto him, Man, who made me a judge or a divider over you?

Acts 21:40

And when he had given him licence, Paul stood on the stairs, and beckoned with the hand unto the people. And when there was made a great silence, he spake unto [them] in the Hebrew tongue, saying,