2 Chronicles 5:2

KJV

Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the chief of the fathers of the children of Israel, unto Jerusalem, to bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of the city of David, which [is] Zion.

KJV (with Strong's)

Then Solomon {H8010} assembled {H6950} the elders {H2205} of Israel {H3478}, and all the heads {H7218} of the tribes {H4294}, the chief {H5387} of the fathers {H1} of the children {H1121} of Israel {H3478}, unto Jerusalem {H3389}, to bring up {H5927} the ark {H727} of the covenant {H1285} of the LORD {H3068} out of the city {H5892} of David {H1732}, which is Zion {H6726}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Shlomo assembled all the leaders of Isra'el and all the heads of the tribes and the chiefs of the paternal clans of the people of Isra'el, to Yerushalayim, to bring the ark for the covenant of ADONAI out of the City of David, also known as Tziyon.

Berean Standard Bible

At that time Solomon assembled in Jerusalem the elders of Israel—all the tribal heads and family leaders of the Israelites—to bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD from Zion, the City of David.

American Standard Version

Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the princes of the fathers’housesof the children of Israel, unto Jerusalem, to bring up the ark of the covenant of Jehovah out of the city of David, which is Zion.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
2 Chronicles 5:2 records the momentous occasion when King Solomon convened a grand assembly of Israel's leaders in Jerusalem. The purpose of this national gathering was to facilitate the solemn transfer of the Ark of the Covenant, the sacred symbol of God's presence and covenant with His people, from its temporary dwelling in the City of David (Zion) to its permanent, divinely ordained resting place within the newly completed Temple. This act marked a pivotal transition in Israel's spiritual life, centralizing worship and affirming God's dwelling among His chosen nation.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse serves as a crucial transition point in the Chronicler's narrative, following the detailed accounts of the Temple's construction (chapters [2 Chronicles 3](/2_chronicles/3 "The Building of Solomon's Temple") and [2 Chronicles 4](/2_chronicles/4 "Furnishings of Solomon's Temple")). Having described the magnificent edifice and its furnishings, the Chronicler now turns to the spiritual heart of the Temple: the Ark of the Covenant. Chapter [2 Chronicles 5](/2_chronicles/5 "The Ark Brought to the Temple") then proceeds to describe the procession of the Ark, the musicians and Levites, and culminates in the dramatic descent of God's glory filling the Temple (verses [2 Chronicles 5:13-14](/2_chronicles/5-13 "God's Glory Fills the Temple")). This event is immediately followed by Solomon's prayer of dedication and the subsequent fire from heaven (chapter [2 Chronicles 7](/2_chronicles/7 "God's Acceptance of the Temple")). Thus, 2 Chronicles 5:2 sets the stage for the Temple's consecration, emphasizing the Ark's central role as the dwelling place of God's presence.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Historically, the Ark of the Covenant had a long and storied journey, from its construction in the wilderness (as described in [Exodus 25](/exodus/25 "Instructions for the Ark and Tabernacle")) to its capture by the Philistines and its eventual return and placement in a tent in Jerusalem by King David ([2 Samuel 6:17](/2_samuel/6-17 "David brings the Ark to Jerusalem")). Culturally, the assembly of "the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the chief of the fathers of the children of Israel" underscores the national, unified nature of this event. Such a broad representation from all segments of society, from tribal leaders to family heads, was typical for significant national undertakings, demonstrating consensus and collective participation in a sacred act. The move from the "City of David, which is Zion" – David's fortified capital – to the grand Temple symbolized a transition from a temporary, military-oriented dwelling for God's presence to a magnificent, permanent, and purpose-built sanctuary, reflecting Israel's established kingdom and centralized worship.
* **Key Themes:** The relocation of the Ark in 2 Chronicles 5:2 is rich with theological and narrative themes. Firstly, it highlights the **Centrality of God's Presence**; the Ark was not merely an artifact but the tangible symbol of Yahweh's dwelling among His people, making its placement in the Temple the ultimate purpose of the entire construction project. Secondly, it emphasizes **National Unity and Corporate Worship**, as Solomon's deliberate act of assembling leaders from every tribe underscored the collective nature of Israel's covenant relationship with God and their shared dedication to Him. This unity was essential for the nation's spiritual health. Thirdly, this event represents the **Fulfillment of David's Vision**, as King David had a fervent desire to build a permanent house for the Lord and the Ark ([1 Chronicles 28:2-3](/1_chronicles/28-2 "David's Charge to Solomon Regarding the Temple")), a task he was unable to complete himself but entrusted to his son, Solomon. Finally, it serves as crucial **Preparation for Consecration**, setting the stage for the Temple's dedication, an event where God's glory would powerfully descend, as recorded in [2 Chronicles 7:1-3](/2_chronicles/7-1 "God's Glory Fills the Temple at the Dedication").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **assembled (Hebrew, _qahal'_):** The verb קָהַל (_qahal_) means "to assemble, gather, collect." Its use here emphasizes the deliberate, organized, and comprehensive nature of Solomon's action. This was not a casual gathering but a formal convocation of all national leadership, signifying the immense importance and national consensus surrounding the Ark's relocation. It highlights the unity required for such a sacred national undertaking.
* **Ark of the Covenant (Hebrew, _aron habberith'_):** The phrase אֲרוֹן הַבְּרִית (_aron habberith_) refers to the most sacred object in ancient Israel, a chest containing the tablets of the Ten Commandments, a pot of manna, and Aaron's rod. It symbolized God's throne on earth, His presence among His people, and the tangible representation of His covenant relationship with Israel. Its proper placement was paramount to Israel's spiritual identity and worship.
* **Zion (Hebrew, _Tziyyon'_):** While originally referring to the Jebusite fortress captured by David, צִיּוֹן (_Tziyyon_) evolved to denote the City of David, and by extension, the entire city of Jerusalem, especially its spiritual significance as the dwelling place of God. The phrase "the city of David, which is Zion" clarifies the Ark's immediate origin point and underscores the transition from a temporary, though significant, location to the permanent, glorious Temple, solidifying Jerusalem as the spiritual capital.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Then Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the chief of the fathers of the children of Israel, unto Jerusalem":** This opening clause details the comprehensive nature of the assembly. Solomon's initiative to gather representatives from every level of Israelite society – the general "elders," the specific "heads of the tribes" (political/geographic leaders), and the "chief of the fathers" (patriarchal/family heads) – underscores the national scope and unified consent for this monumental event. The destination, Jerusalem, was already established as the political capital, and this act would solidify its status as the spiritual capital as well.
* **"to bring up the ark of the covenant of the LORD":** This phrase states the explicit and singular purpose of the grand assembly. The "bringing up" (a common biblical term for ascending to Jerusalem, which was geographically higher) of the Ark was not merely a logistical move but a profoundly spiritual act. It was the central object of the Tabernacle, symbolizing God's presence, covenant, and throne, and its relocation to the Temple was the culmination of God's plan for a permanent dwelling among His people.
* **"out of the city of David, which [is] Zion":** This final clause specifies the Ark's origin point. "The City of David" refers to the fortified section of Jerusalem conquered by David, where he had placed the Ark in a tent. "Zion" is used here synonymously, reinforcing the specific location within Jerusalem. The movement from this temporary tent-dwelling to the magnificent Temple signified a new era of established, centralized worship and the fulfillment of David's longing for a permanent house for the Lord.

#### Literary Devices
The Chronicler employs several literary devices in 2 Chronicles 5:2 to convey the significance of the event. **Synecdoche** is evident in the description of the assembled leaders ("elders," "heads of tribes," "chief of fathers"), where parts of the nation (its various leadership strata) represent the whole, emphasizing the complete national participation and unity. The phrase "the city of David, which is Zion" uses **Apposition** to clarify and reinforce the specific location, while also subtly invoking the broader spiritual connotations of **Zion** as God's chosen city. The entire verse also functions as a form of **Foreshadowing**, building anticipation for the dramatic descent of God's glory that immediately follows the Ark's placement in the Temple, indicating that this preparatory act is leading to a divine manifestation.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The transfer of the Ark of the Covenant into Solomon's Temple, as described in 2 Chronicles 5:2, is profoundly theological. It signifies the ultimate establishment of God's dwelling place among His people, moving from the portable Tabernacle to a permanent, glorious structure. This act underscores God's faithfulness to His covenant promises, particularly His desire to be present with Israel. The national assembly highlights the corporate nature of worship and the importance of unity in acknowledging God's sovereignty. It is a powerful testament to the centrality of God's presence as the foundation of Israel's identity, security, and spiritual life, demonstrating that true national strength and blessing flow from honoring and prioritizing the Lord.

* [Exodus 25:22](/exodus/25-22 "God's promise to meet Israel at the Ark")
* [1 Kings 8:1-11](/1_kings/8-1 "Solomon brings the Ark into the Temple")
* [Psalm 132:8](/psalm/132-8 "God's resting place in Zion")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
2 Chronicles 5:2 offers timeless lessons for contemporary believers. Just as Solomon meticulously prepared a dwelling for the Ark, symbolizing God's presence, we are called to intentionally create space for God's presence in our lives, homes, and communities. This isn't about physical structures but about spiritual priorities—ensuring that Christ is central to our thoughts, decisions, and relationships. The unity of the assembled leaders reminds us of the power and beauty of the church working together, transcending individual differences for a common, God-honoring purpose. Our collective worship and service should be marked by a shared reverence for God's presence and a unified pursuit of His glory. This verse challenges us to ask: Is God's presence truly the most central and prioritized aspect of my life and our community? Do we gather with intentionality and unity to honor Him?

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the emphasis on God's presence in the Ark and Temple challenge my understanding of God's presence in my life today?**
* **In what ways can I, and my community of faith, better prioritize and create space for God's presence?**
* **How does the national unity depicted in this verse inspire me to foster greater unity within my church or spiritual community?**
* **What "preparations" am I making in my life to welcome and honor God's dwelling?**

### FAQ

**Why was the Ark of the Covenant so important that Solomon gathered the entire nation to move it?**

Answer: The Ark of the Covenant was the most sacred object in ancient Israel, symbolizing God's tangible presence, His throne, and the very essence of His covenant with His people. It contained the tablets of the Ten Commandments, representing the Law given by God, and was associated with His power and guidance (e.g., leading Israel through the wilderness, bringing down the walls of Jericho). Moving it was not a mere logistical task but a profound theological act, establishing God's dwelling at the heart of the nation's spiritual and political life. The national assembly underscored its supreme importance and the collective reverence required for such a holy object.

**What is "the city of David, which is Zion," and why was the Ark moved from there?**

Answer: "The city of David" refers to the fortified Jebusite city that King David conquered and made his capital, subsequently named after him. "Zion" was originally the name of the citadel within that city but later became a poetic and spiritual term for Jerusalem as a whole, particularly as the dwelling place of God. The Ark had been brought by David to a tent within this "City of David" ([2 Samuel 6:17](/2_samuel/6-17 "David brings the Ark to Jerusalem")), serving as a temporary sanctuary. The move from this tent to Solomon's magnificent Temple symbolized a transition from a provisional, more humble dwelling to a permanent, glorious structure specifically built for God's presence, marking a new era of centralized and established worship in Israel.

**Why did Solomon assemble "the elders of Israel, and all the heads of the tribes, the chief of the fathers of the children of Israel"?**

Answer: Solomon's assembly of such a broad and representative group of leaders—from general elders to specific tribal and family heads—highlighted the national significance and unity of the event. This was not merely a royal decree but a collective act of the entire nation, demonstrating their shared commitment to God's covenant and their participation in establishing His presence at the center of their national life. It ensured that the relocation of the Ark and the dedication of the Temple were recognized and supported by all segments of Israelite society, fostering a sense of corporate ownership and spiritual solidarity.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The Ark of the Covenant and the Temple, central to 2 Chronicles 5:2, find their ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ. The Ark symbolized God's presence dwelling among His people, a presence limited to a specific object and place. In Christ, God's presence fully tabernacled among humanity, as [John 1:14](/john/1-14 "The Word became flesh and dwelt among us") declares, "The Word became flesh and dwelt among us." Jesus is the true and perfect Temple, the ultimate meeting place between God and humanity, as He Himself proclaimed when speaking of His body (cf. [John 2:19-21](/john/2-19 "Jesus speaks of the Temple of His body")). Unlike the physical Ark and Temple, which were confined to a location and required specific rituals, Christ's sacrifice on the cross opened direct access to God for all who believe ([Hebrews 10:19-22](/hebrews/10-19 "Access to God through Christ's blood")). Furthermore, through the indwelling Holy Spirit, believers themselves become the new temple of God ([1 Corinthians 6:19](/1_corinthians/6-19 "Believers are temples of the Holy Spirit")), a spiritual house built upon Christ, the cornerstone ([Ephesians 2:19-22](/ephesians/2-19 "The Church as God's dwelling place")). Thus, the grand assembly in 2 Chronicles 5:2, celebrating God's dwelling in a physical structure, points forward to the infinitely greater reality of God dwelling in and among His people through His Son, Jesus Christ, and by His Spirit, fulfilling the longing for true communion with God.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

2 Samuel 6:12

¶ And it was told king David, saying, The LORD hath blessed the house of Obededom, and all that [pertaineth] unto him, because of the ark of God. So David went and brought up the ark of God from the house of Obededom into the city of David with gladness.

2 Chronicles 1:4

But the ark of God had David brought up from Kirjathjearim to [the place which] David had prepared for it: for he had pitched a tent for it at Jerusalem.

1 Chronicles 26:26

Which Shelomith and his brethren [were] over all the treasures of the dedicated things, which David the king, and the chief fathers, the captains over thousands and hundreds, and the captains of the host, had dedicated.

1 Chronicles 16:1

¶ So they brought the ark of God, and set it in the midst of the tent that David had pitched for it: and they offered burnt sacrifices and peace offerings before God.

Psalms 87:2

The LORD loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob.

1 Chronicles 28:1

¶ And David assembled all the princes of Israel, the princes of the tribes, and the captains of the companies that ministered to the king by course, and the captains over the thousands, and captains over the hundreds, and the stewards over all the substance and possession of the king, and of his sons, with the officers, and with the mighty men, and with all the valiant men, unto Jerusalem.

2 Samuel 5:7

Nevertheless David took the strong hold of Zion: the same [is] the city of David.