1 Kings 11:19

1 Kings 11:19 describes a crucial development in the life of Hadad the Edomite, an adversary God raised against King Solomon. This verse highlights Hadad's elevated status in Egypt, laying the groundwork for his future role as a threat to Israel.

Context

This verse is situated within a pivotal chapter detailing King Solomon's spiritual decline. Despite his initial wisdom and prosperity, Solomon's heart turned from the Lord due to his numerous foreign wives, who led him into idolatry (1 Kings 11:4). As a direct consequence of his disobedience, God declared He would tear the kingdom from Solomon's hand, though not entirely during his lifetime for the sake of David his father (1 Kings 11:11-12).

One of the ways God began to fulfill this judgment was by raising up adversaries. Hadad was a royal Edomite who, as a child, fled to Egypt during King David's conquest of Edom (2 Samuel 8:14). He found refuge there and, as this verse indicates, gained significant favor with the reigning Egyptian Pharaoh. This political marriage was a powerful symbol of his integration and acceptance into the highest echelons of Egyptian society, positioning him to return and challenge Solomon's rule over Edom.

Key Themes

• Divine Orchestration of Adversaries: Even seemingly secular political events, like Hadad finding favor with Pharaoh, are presented as part of God's sovereign plan to bring judgment upon Solomon for his sin. This underscores the biblical principle that God uses various means to achieve His purposes (1 Kings 11:14).
• Political Marriages and Alliances: In the ancient Near East, royal marriages were often strategic tools to forge alliances and solidify power. Pharaoh giving Hadad his own queen's sister in marriage was an extraordinary gesture, indicating deep trust and a strong bond, elevating Hadad's status significantly.
• Consequences of Disobedience: The rise of Hadad, a foreign adversary, is a direct result of Solomon's unfaithfulness. This narrative thread serves as a powerful reminder that turning from God can lead to instability and external threats for individuals and nations.

Linguistic Insight

The phrase "great favour" translates the Hebrew word chen (חֵן), which signifies grace, charm, or kindness. In this context, it implies that Hadad earned deep respect, admiration, and preferential treatment from Pharaoh. This wasn't merely a political convenience but a genuine personal regard that opened doors for Hadad within the Egyptian royal court.

Significance and Application

The elevation of Hadad in Egypt, culminating in this prestigious marriage, is a pivotal moment in the narrative of Solomon's decline. It demonstrates how God, in His sovereignty, prepares and positions individuals to fulfill His will, even when that involves raising enemies against a disobedient king. For a general audience, this verse offers several insights:

• God's Sovereignty: It reminds us that God is at work even behind the scenes of international politics and personal relationships. Nothing happens outside His ultimate control or purpose.
• The Ripple Effect of Sin: Solomon's choices had far-reaching consequences, not just for himself but for his kingdom. This serves as a cautionary tale about the impact of our spiritual decisions.
• Preparation for Purpose: Hadad's time in Egypt, his upbringing, and his royal connections, though seemingly random, were all part of his preparation to become an instrument in God's plan for Israel. Similarly, God often prepares individuals through unique experiences for future roles.