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1 Corinthians 15:53

“The Final Victory Over Death”1 Corinthians 15:51–58

King James Version
For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.

Bible text: King James Version (1769 Blayney text) · Public domain

KJV (with Strong's)
For G1063 this G5124 corruptible G5349 must G1163 put on G1746 incorruption G861, and G2532 this G5124 mortal G2349 must put on G1746 immortality G110.

Bible text: King James Version with Strong's numbers · Public domain

Berean Standard Bible
For the perishable must be clothed with the imperishable, and the mortal with immortality.

Bible text: Berean Standard Bible · Public domain

American Standard Version
For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.

Bible text: American Standard Version (1901) · Public domain

World English Bible Messianic
For this perishable body must become imperishable, and this mortal must put on immortality.

Bible text: World English Bible, Messianic edition · Public domain

Geneva Bible (1599)
For this corruptible must put on incorruption: and this mortall must put on immortalitie.

Bible text: Geneva Bible (1599) · Public domain

Young's Literal Translation
for it behoveth this corruptible to put on incorruption, and this mortal to put on immortality;

Bible text: Young's Literal Translation · Public domain

King James Version — Interlinear
13 Greek words
  1. δεῖdeiIt behoovesG1163V-PAI-3SVerb Present Active Indicative 3rd Singular
  2. γὰρgarforG1063CONJConjunction
  3. τὸto[the]G3588T-ASNDefinite article Accusative Singular Neuter
  4. φθαρτὸνphthartonperishableG5349A-ASNAdjective Accusative Singular Neuter
  5. τοῦτοtoutothisG3778D-ASNDemonstrative pronoun Accusative Singular Neuter
  6. ἐνδύσασθαιendusasthaito put onG1746V-AMNVerb Aorist Middle Infinitive
  7. ἀφθαρσίανaphtharsianimperishableG861N-ASFNoun Accusative Singular Feminine
  8. καὶkaiandG2532CONJConjunction
  9. τὸto[the]G3588T-ASNDefinite article Accusative Singular Neuter
  10. θνητὸνthnētonmortalG2349A-ASNAdjective Accusative Singular Neuter
  11. τοῦτοtoutothisG3778D-ASNDemonstrative pronoun Accusative Singular Neuter
  12. ἐνδύσασθαιendusasthaito put onG1746V-AMNVerb Aorist Middle Infinitive
  13. ἀθανασίανathanasianimmortalityG110N-ASFNoun Accusative Singular Feminine
English is a literal word-by-word gloss of the Greek, not the KJV's wording. Why?

This is the original text the KJV's translators worked from — each Greek word with its own literal English meaning in this verse, prepared by scholars at Tyndale House, Cambridge. The KJV translates whole sentences, not word by word, so its wording differs: one Greek word can become several English words, and the KJV may choose “charity” where the gloss reads “love”. Both are faithful — they answer different questions. For the KJV's own rendering, switch to the KJV text.

Words in [ ] are added by the English.

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In the KJVVerse 28,772 of 31,102 · 92.5%

Study this verse

Written with AI assistance. Always check it against Scripture.

This verse

Our perishable, mortal bodies must be clothed with incorruption and immortality, so that they are fit for God’s eternal kingdom.

“For this corruptible must put on incorruption,”

“For” explains why the change of verse 52 is needed. The perishable body, phthartós, must be clothed with aphtharsía, and deî makes it a necessity.

“and this mortal must put on immortality.”

The second clause matches the first, from thnētós, liable to die, to athanasía, deathlessness.

Passage study1 Corinthians 15:51–58

The Final Victory Over Death Through Christ

51Behold, I shew you a mystery; We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, 52In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. 53For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality. 54So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory. 55O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory? 56The sting of death is sin; and the strength of sin is the law. 57But thanks be to God, which giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ. 58Therefore, my beloved brethren, be ye stedfast, unmoveable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, forasmuch as ye know that your labour is not in vain in the Lord.

Summary

Paul ends the great resurrection chapter by making known a secret that God has now revealed. Some believers will still be alive when Christ returns, and all of us, whether we have died or are living, will be changed in an instant at the sound of the last trumpet. The dead will be raised incorruptible, and our mortal bodies will put on immortality. Then the saying Isaiah wrote will come true, “Death is swallowed up in victory”, and Paul can taunt death as a beaten enemy whose sting, which is sin, has been drawn. He gives thanks to God, who gives us this victory through our Lord Jesus Christ, and then he turns to the present. Because the end is certain, we stand firm and keep abounding in the Lord’s work, knowing that all our labour done in him has lasting worth.

Where these verses stand in the resurrection chapter

These eight verses are the summit of the chapter often called the resurrection chapter, Paul’s fullest teaching on the resurrection of the dead. He begins with the gospel itself, Christ who died, was buried and rose again (1 Corinthians 15:1–11), and names those who saw the risen Lord (15:3–8). Some in the church at Corinth were asking “how say some among you that there is no resurrection of the dead?” (15:12), and Paul shows where their view leads: “if Christ be not risen, then is our preaching vain, and your faith is also vain” (15:14). He works this out in 15:12–19 and carries the argument on through verse 34 (15:12–34).

Then comes the turn: “But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept” (15:20). As death came through Adam, so life comes through Christ (15:21–22). Each rises in his own order, and Christ reigns until all things are put under God (15:23–28, the whole movement of 15:20–28), for “The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death” (15:26). Paul then answers how the dead are raised and with what body, using the picture of a seed and the plant that grows from it (15:35–49). The body “is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption” (15:42–44, within 15:42–49), and “It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body” (15:44). Just before our passage he says, “flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God” (15:50). Verses 51 to 53 tell how God will make us fit for that kingdom (15:50–53), verses 54 to 57 celebrate the victory (15:50–57), and verse 58 draws the conclusion for daily life.

Corinth was a busy, cosmopolitan Greek city, and many there were shaped by Greek philosophy. Platonism taught that the soul is immortal and thought little of the body, which some called the soul’s prison, and the Epicureans denied any life after death. To minds trained in those schools, a bodily resurrection sounded absurd or simply undesirable. Paul’s long argument answers them with the truth about us: we are body and spirit together, and God’s plan of redemption takes in both.

What mystery does Paul show?

The mystery is that some believers will still be alive when Christ returns, and that they and the raised dead together will be changed into immortal bodies. Paul opens with “Behold”, idoú, a word that calls for full attention because something important and new is coming. A mystery, mystḗrion, is a secret once hidden and now made known by God. The pagan mystery religions used the same word for their secret rites, and Paul gives it its biblical sense of truth that God himself discloses. So what follows comes from God, given through his apostle.

“We shall not all sleep” uses Scripture’s gentle word for the death of believers, koimáō, to sleep. It speaks of death as something from which God’s people will wake. When Christ returns a generation of his people will be living, and they will pass into the new life without dying.

“But we shall all be changed.” The verb allássō comes from a word meaning “other”, and it means to make different, to alter. Every believer, whether raised from the grave or still alive, receives a body fit for eternity. The change has to happen, because “flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God” (1 Corinthians 15:50), and God makes us ready for his kingdom by changing us.

Paul gives the same hope to the Thessalonians: “For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord” (1 Thessalonians 4:16–17). He tells the Philippians that we look for the Saviour from heaven, “Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body” (Philippians 3:20–21). This is the “blessed hope” that Paul names in Titus 2:13. It shows that salvation reaches the body as well as the soul, for the Spirit of him who raised up Jesus “shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you” (Romans 8:11).

In a moment, at the last trump

Paul uses two expressions for how fast the change will come. “In a moment” renders átomos, literally “uncut” or “indivisible”, the word from which English takes “atom”. It stands for the smallest possible point of time. “The twinkling of an eye”, rhipē ophthalmou, was a common expression for an instant, a mere flicker. Together they say that this great transformation happens all at once, in a single instant.

It happens “at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound”. For Israel the trumpet announced great acts of God, and at Sinai, when God came down to give the law, there was “the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud” (Exodus 19:16). Among the Romans, trumpets signalled the movements of armies, royal proclamations and public gatherings. So “the last trump” is God’s final and authoritative call, and its sounding is what sets the raising of the dead and the changing of the living in motion.

“The dead shall be raised incorruptible.” The word áphthartos is formed from a negative and a word meaning “to decay”, so it means undecaying or imperishable. Believers who have died, whose bodies have gone back to the dust, will rise free from decay, disease and the power of death. “And we shall be changed” speaks of the believers still alive, whose mortal bodies will be made like the raised bodies of the saints.

What is the last trump?

The last trump is the final trumpet call at Christ’s return, the signal at which the dead in Christ are raised and the living are changed. Scripture mentions many trumpets, for war, for feasts and at the giving of the law, and this one belongs to the resurrection of God’s people. Paul calls it “the trump of God” in 1 Thessalonians 4:16, which stresses that it comes from God himself. The seven trumpets of Revelation announce judgments, while this trumpet gathers and raises the church, and both show God acting decisively in history.

Will believers who are alive at his return die first?

Believers who are alive when Christ returns will be changed without dying. In this verse “the dead” are believers who have died and “we” are those still living. After the dead in Christ are raised, the living “shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air” (1 Thessalonians 4:17). Until that day we “groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body” (Romans 8:23).

This corruptible must put on incorruption

Verse 53 names two things that must change. “This corruptible” is phthartós, decayed or perishable, the body as it is now, subject to decay, disease and death in a fallen world. It must put on “incorruption”, aphtharsía, incorruptibility or unending existence. “This mortal” is thnētós, liable to die, and it must put on “immortality”, athanasía, a word formed from a negative prefix and thánatos, death, so that it means deathlessness. The two clauses run side by side, one promising freedom from decay and the other freedom from death.

“Put on” is endýō, to put on clothes or to be clothed with. Paul pictures our bodies being clothed with qualities that come from God, the way a person puts on a garment. It is “this” corruptible body that is clothed, so the person who rises is the same person, now made imperishable. Paul uses the same picture in 2 Corinthians 5:1–4, where our earthly tent gives way to “a building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens”, and we long to be “clothed upon, that mortality might be swallowed up of life”.

The Greeks knew the idea of immortality, though they gave it to the soul alone. Paul applies it to the raised body, and he grounds it in the power of God.

Must this change happen?

Paul says that it must. The word deî means “it is necessary, one must”. Here it speaks of what must take place, and so the change is a sure part of God’s purpose for all who are in Christ, as certain as Christ’s own resurrection, and it belongs to the triumph Paul goes on to celebrate in verses 54 to 57.

Death is swallowed up in victory

Verse 54 repeats verse 53 as something finished: “when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality”. The word “then”, tóte, means “then, at that time”. “Shall be brought to pass” renders gínomai, to become or come into being, so at that time the old saying will come true. The saying is from Isaiah 25:8: “He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord GOD will wipe away tears from off all faces; and the rebuke of his people shall he take away from off all the earth: for the LORD hath spoken it.” The defeat of death was promised long ago, and it belongs to the one plan of God that runs through both Testaments.

“Swallowed up” is katapínō, to drink down or gulp entire. Death, thánatos, is pictured as an enemy swallowed whole so that its power is gone. “In victory” uses nîkos, victory or conquest. Death came into the world through sin, “For the wages of sin is death” (Romans 6:23), and here God himself overcomes it.

What does it mean for death to be swallowed up?

It means that death is consumed and its power over God’s people ends forever. Because Christ is risen, the enemy that once closed every human life becomes a conquered foe, and for believers it leads to the resurrection into an incorruptible and immortal body. Scripture’s last pages describe the world that follows: “And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away” (Revelation 21:4).

O death, where is thy sting?

With the victory in view, Paul speaks to death and the grave directly, as if they stood in front of him, and he asks two questions that are really shouts of triumph. His words echo the prophet Hosea: “I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death: O death, I will be thy plagues; O grave, I will be thy destruction: repentance shall be hid from mine eyes” (Hosea 13:14).

Death, thánatos, comes from the verb thnesko, to die. It means the end of physical life, and in Scripture it also speaks of separation from God. Paul pictures it as an enemy armed with a “sting”, kéntron, a word for a sharp point, such as the goad used to drive animals or the venomous sting of a scorpion. Figuratively it is whatever wounds or kills. Asking where the sting is declares that it has been taken away, and in the next verse Paul says what it was.

“Grave” renders háidēs, Hades, the realm of the dead, a word traditionally explained as “unseen”. It answers to the Hebrew Sheol, the common abode of the dead in the Old Testament. The grave once held every person who died, and its “victory” was that hold. Paul asks where that victory has gone, because those who belong to Christ will rise.

Christ won this by going into death himself. He suffered death “that he by the grace of God should taste death for every man” (Hebrews 2:9), and on the third day he rose. Paul tells Timothy that our Saviour Jesus Christ “hath abolished death, and hath brought life and immortality to light through the gospel” (2 Timothy 1:10).

The sting of death is sin, and the strength of sin is the law

Verse 56 explains the picture. Death is deadly because of sin, hamartía, which here means sin in the abstract, the whole condition that separates us from God, more than any single act. From the beginning God warned, “in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die” (Genesis 2:17). Paul writes elsewhere, “Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned” (Romans 5:12), and “For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord” (Romans 6:23). So death is far more than the end of a biological process. It is the enemy that sin brought in.

“The strength of sin is the law.” Strength is dýnamis, power or force, and law is nómos, here the law of Moses. The law sets out what is right and wrong, and so it makes transgression plain, “for by the law is the knowledge of sin” (Romans 3:20). Paul says of himself, “I had not known sin, but by the law: for I had not known lust, except the law had said, Thou shalt not covet” (Romans 7:7), and he works the point out in Romans 7:7–13. The chain runs from law to sin to death. The law gives sin its power to condemn, and sin gives death its sting.

Does this mean the law is bad?

Paul calls the law good: “Wherefore the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good” (Romans 7:12). The law reveals God’s righteous standard and shows how far we fall short of it. It gives sin strength by naming it, exposing it and making its guilt undeniable, much as a magnifying glass shows what was there all along. The fault lies with sin, and the law brings it to light so that we see our need of a Saviour.

How does Christ take away the sting of death?

Christ draws the sting by bearing the penalty of sin in his death and then rising from the dead. “For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him” (2 Corinthians 5:21). “Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us” (Galatians 3:13), and so he met the law’s demands and took its curse. For those who believe, sin’s power to condemn is broken, and death becomes the way into life with God. Jesus said, “I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: And whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die. Believest thou this?” (John 11:25–26). So Paul can write, “There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit. For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death” (Romans 8:1–2).

Thanks be to God, which giveth us the victory

Paul’s argument ends in praise. “But”, dé, is a connective that here marks contrast, turning from the defeated enemies to the God who defeated them. “Thanks” is cháris, the word often translated grace, favour or gift, and here it means gratitude. The thanks fits the gift, because the victory is something God gives.

“Which giveth us the victory” names God as the giver. The verb is dídōmi, to give, and “giveth” is in the present tense, with God as the one who gives it. The victory, nîkos, is the conquest of death and sin that Paul has just proclaimed, and “us” makes it ours personally, shared by grace. In a culture that prized victory in athletic contests and in war, Paul gives the credit for this victory to God alone.

“Through our Lord Jesus Christ” names the one through whom the victory comes. The full title speaks of his authority as Lord, his saving work as Jesus and his place as the Messiah. His death conquered sin and his resurrection conquered death.

Christ is the firstfruits and the pattern of our resurrection

Everything in these verses rests on Christ. His resurrection is the firstfruits (1 Corinthians 15:20), the first of the harvest that guarantees the rest. “For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive” (15:21–22), and Christ, the last Adam, undoes the curse the first Adam brought. The power that will raise the dead and change the living is the same power that raised Jesus (Romans 8:11), and our new bodies will be fashioned “like unto his glorious body” (Philippians 3:21). So he is both the source of our resurrection and its model.

Christ took flesh and blood “that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil; And deliver them who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage” (Hebrews 2:14–15). He is “the resurrection, and the life” (John 11:25), and he promised, “because I live, ye shall live also” (John 14:19). He is “the head of the body, the church: who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead” (Colossians 1:18), and the resurrection of believers brings his church into full likeness to him.

We share his victory because we are joined to him. “Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life” (Romans 6:4–11). Jesus told his disciples, “be of good cheer; I have overcome the world” (John 16:33), and his people overcome “by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony” (Revelation 12:11).

Stedfast, unmoveable, always abounding in the work of the Lord

Paul’s last word on the resurrection is a call to live by it. “Therefore”, hōste, marks what follows as the result of all he has said: because death is defeated and our resurrection is certain, here is how we live now. He calls the Corinthians “my beloved brethren”. The words are adelphós, brother, agapētós, beloved or dear, and moû, my. After a letter full of correction, Paul speaks to them with warmth.

“Be ye stedfast” uses hedraîos, from a root meaning “to sit”, so firmly seated, settled, established. “Unmoveable”, ametakínētos, means unable to be shifted from one’s place. The two together call for firmness in faith and in conduct, in the face of false teaching, temptation and opposition, anchored in the certainty of the resurrection.

From standing firm Paul moves to working hard: “always abounding in the work of the Lord”. “Always” is pántote, at all times, on every occasion. “Abounding” is perisseúō, to abound, overflow or excel, which goes beyond doing the bare minimum. “The work of the Lord” joins érgon, work, to kýrios, Lord, and it takes in everything done in obedience to Christ and for his glory, from evangelism and teaching to acts of charity and the way we live each day.

The reason is something they know: “forasmuch as ye know”. The verb eídō properly means to see, and here it means to know. “Your labour” is hymōn, your, and kópos, toil that costs effort and brings weariness. Paul admits that serving Christ is hard work. The words behind “is not in vain” are ou, “not”, estí, “is”, and kenós, empty or fruitless. The labour he means is labour “in the Lord”, en and kýrios, and its worth comes from our union with him.

Paul hoped the same for his own work, “that I may rejoice in the day of Christ, that I have not run in vain, neither laboured in vain” (Philippians 2:16). Scripture gives the same assurance elsewhere: “For God is not unrighteous to forget your work and labour of love, which ye have shewed toward his name” (Hebrews 6:10), and “let us not be weary in well doing: for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not” (Galatians 6:9). Paul always ties sound teaching to holy living, as when he prays that we “walk worthy of the Lord unto all pleasing, being fruitful in every good work” (Colossians 1:10) and urges us to “walk worthy of the vocation wherewith ye are called” (Ephesians 4:1).

Christ himself was steadfast first. He “became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross” (Philippians 2:8), unmoved in his resolve to redeem us, and his resurrection guarantees that our future will be glorious. Our work bears fruit because it is done in him: “He that abideth in me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit: for without me ye can do nothing” (John 15:5).

What makes our labour in the Lord worthwhile?

Our labour is worthwhile because Christ is risen and we will be raised, so every act of obedience, love and service done in the Lord has lasting worth. It is done in his strength, for his glory and by his will, and it serves his eternal kingdom. He sees it and will reward it: “thy Father which seeth in secret himself shall reward thee openly” (Matthew 6:4), and “behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be” (Revelation 22:12). So Paul writes, “whatsoever ye do, do it heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men; Knowing that of the Lord ye shall receive the reward of the inheritance: for ye serve the Lord Christ” (Colossians 3:23–24).

Living now in the light of that day

This passage gives us a way to face death. When someone we love dies in Christ, we grieve with hope, because they have fallen asleep and they will be raised incorruptible. Aging, illness and weakness are real, and they are temporary, because a body free from decay is waiting for us. Christ came to deliver those who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage, and so we can face even our own death with courage.

It also gives worth to the body we live in now. Since God means to raise these bodies in glory, we honour him with them today.

And it gives us a reason to keep going. Work for the Lord is often slow, and its results can look small. Every prayer offered, every word spoken for Christ and every sacrifice made in his name is held by the Lord who rose from the dead, and the day is coming when the trumpet will sound and we will see it. Until then we stand firm, keep at his work and give thanks to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.

Last revised

Public-domain commentary

Matthew Henry

From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry wrote on whole passages, and this entry covers 1 Corinthians 15:51–57. He set out his notes in a three-level outline, kept here as he numbered it.

1662–1714 · 7 verses
Passage under comment1 Corinthians 15:51–57
I. II. Main points1. 2. Sub-points(1.) (2.) Details

To confirm what he had said of this change,

I.He here tells them what had been concealed from or unknown to them till then - that all the saints would not die, but all would be changed.

Those that are alive at our Lord's coming will be caught up into the clouds, without dying, 1 Thessalonians 4:11. But it is plain from this passage that it will not be without changing from corruption to incorruption. The frame of their living bodies shall be thus altered, as well as those that are dead; and this in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, 1 Corinthians 15:52. What cannot almighty power effect? That power that calls the dead into life can surely thus soon and suddenly change the living; for changed they must be as well as the dead, because flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God. This is the mystery which the apostle shows the Corinthians: Behold, I show you a mystery; or bring into open light a truth dark and unknown before. Note, There are many mysteries shown to us in the gospel; many truths that before were utterly unknown are there made known; many truths that were but dark and obscure before are there brought into open day, and plainly revealed; and many things are in part revealed that will never be fully known, nor perhaps clearly understood. The apostle here makes known a truth unknown before, which is that the saints living at our Lord's second coming will not die, but be changed, that this change will be made in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, and at the sound of the last trump; for, as he tells us elsewhere, the Lord himself shall descend with a shout, with a voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God (1 Thessalonians 4:16), so here, the trumpet must sound. It is the loud summons of all the living and all the dead, to come and appear at the tribunal of Christ. At this summons the graves shall open, the dead saints shall rise incorruptible, and the living saints be changed to the same incorruptible state, 1 Corinthians 15:52.

II.He assigns the reason of this change (1 Corinthians 15:53):

For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality. How otherwise could the man be a fit inhabitant of the incorruptible regions, or be fitted to possess the eternal inheritance? How can that which is corruptible and mortal enjoy what is incorruptible, permanent, and immortal? This corruptible body must be made incorruptible, this mortal body must be changed into immortal, that the man may be capable of enjoying the happiness designed for him. Note, It is this corruptible that must put on incorruption; the demolished fabric that must be reared again. What is sown must be quickened. Saints will come in their own bodies (1 Corinthians 15:38), not in other bodies.

III.He lets us know what will follow upon this change of the living and dead in Christ:

Then shall be brought to pass that saying, Death is swallowed up in victory; or, He will swallow up death in victory. Isaiah 25:8. For mortality shall be then swallowed up of life (2 Corinthians 5:4), and death perfectly subdued and conquered, and saints for ever delivered from its power. Such a conquest shall be obtained over it that it shall for ever disappear in those regions to which our Lord will bear his risen saints. And therefore will the saints hereupon sing their epinikion, their song of triumph. Then, when this mortal shall have put on immortality, will death be swallowed up, for ever swallowed up, eis nikos. Christ hinders it from swallowing his saints when they die; but, when they rise again, death shall, as to them, be swallowed for ever. And upon this destruction of death will they break out into a song of triumph.

1.They will glory over death as a vanquished enemy, and insult this great and terrible destroyer: "O death! where is thy sting? Where is now thy sting, thy power to hurt? What mischief hast thou done us? We are dead; but behold we live again, and shall die no more. Thou art vanquished and disarmed, and we are out of the reach of thy deadly dart. Where now is thy fatal artillery? Where are thy stores of death? We fear no further mischiefs from thee, nor heed thy weapons, but defy thy power, and despise thy wrath. And, O grave! where is thy victory? Where now is thy victory? What has become of it? Where are the spoils and trophies of it? Once we were thy prisoners, but the prison-doors are burst open, the locks and bolts have been forced to give way, our shackles are knocked off, and we are for ever released. Captivity is taken captive. The imaginary victor is conquered, and forced to resign his conquest and release his captives. Thy triumphs, grave, are at an end. The bonds of death are loosed, and we are at liberty, and are never more to be hurt by death, nor imprisoned in the grave." In a moment, the power of death, and the conquests and spoils of the grave, are gone; and, as to the saints, the very signs of them will not remain. Where are they? Thus will they raise themselves, when they become immortal, to the honour of their Saviour and the praise of divine grace: they shall glory over vanquished death.

2.The foundation for this triumph is here intimated,

(1.)In the account given whence death had its power to hurt: The sting of death is sin. This gives venom to his dart: this alone puts it into the power of death to hurt and kill. Sin unpardoned, and nothing else, can keep any under his power. And the strength of sin is the law; it is the divine threatening against the transgressors of the law, the curse there denounced, that gives power to sin. Note, Sin is the parent of death, and gives it all its hurtful power. By one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin, Romans 5:12. It is its cursed progeny and offspring.

(2.)In the account given of the victory saints obtain over it through Jesus Christ, 1 Corinthians 15:56. The sting of death is sin; but Christ, by dying, has taken out this sting. He has made atonement for sin; he has obtained remission of it. It may hiss therefore, but it cannot hurt. The strength of sin is the law; but the curse of the law is removed by our Redeemer's becoming a curse for us. So that sin is deprived of its strength and sting, through Christ, that is, by his incarnation, suffering, and death. Death may seize a believer, but cannot sting him, cannot hold him in his power. There is a day coming when the grave shall open, the bands of death be loosed, the dead saints revive, and become incorruptible and immortal, and put out of the reach of death for ever. And then will it plainly appear that, as to them, death will have lost its strength and sting; and all by the mediation of Christ, by his dying in their room. By dying, he conquered death, and spoiled the grave; and, through faith in him, believers become sharers in his conquests. They often rejoice beforehand, in the hope of this victory; and, when they arise glorious from the grave, they will boldly triumph over death. Note, It is altogether owing to the grace of God in Christ that sin is pardoned and death disarmed. The law puts arms into the hand of death, to destroy the sinner; but pardon of sin takes away this power from the law, and deprives death of its strength and sting. It is by the grace of God, through the redemption which is in Christ Jesus, that we are freely justified, Romans 3:24. It is no wonder, therefore,

(3.)If this triumph of the saints over death should issue in thanksgiving to God: Thanks be to God, who giveth us the victory through Christ Jesus, our Lord, 1 Corinthians 15:57. The way to sanctify all our joy is to make it tributary to the praise of God. Then only do we enjoy our blessings and honours in a holy manner when God has his revenue of glory out of it, and we are free to pay it to him. And this really improves and exalts our satisfaction. We are conscious at once of having done our duty and enjoyed our pleasure. And what can be more joyous in itself than the saints' triumph over death, when they shall rise again? And shall they not then rejoice in the Lord, and be glad in the God of their salvation? Shall not their souls magnify the Lord? When he shows such wonders to the dead, shall they not arise and praise him? Psalm 88:10. Those who remain under the power of death can have no heart to praise; but such conquests and triumphs will certainly tune the tongues of the saints to thankfulness and praise - praise for the victory (it is great and glorious in itself), and for the means whereby it is obtained (it is given of God through Christ Jesus), a victory obtained not by our power, but the power of God; not given because we are worthy, but because Christ is so, and has by dying obtained this conquest for us. Must not this circumstance endear the victory to us, and heighten our praise to God? Note, How many springs of joy to the saints and thanksgiving to God are opened by the death and resurrection, the sufferings and conquests, of our Redeemer! With what acclamations will saints rising from the dead applaud him! How will the heaven of heavens resound his praises for ever! Thanks be to God will be the burden of their song; and angels will join the chorus, and declare their consent with a loud Amen, Hallelujah.

Historical interpretation

Eighteen Centuries of Reception

22 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.

22 quotes · AD 202–1963
Ante-NicenePost-NiceneEarly MedievalMedieval
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Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.

d. AD 202IrenaeusAnte-NiceneSourceAgainst Heresies Book V
Contains all things, and then, through the wisdom of God, serves for the use of men, and having received the Word of God, becomes the Eucharist, which is the body and blood of Christ; so also our bodies, being nourished by it, and deposited in the earth, and suffering decomposition there, shall rise at their appointed time, the Word of God granting them resurrection to the glory of God, even the Father, who freely gives to this mortal immortality, and to this corruptible in corruption.
And for this reason, he says, "This mortal must put on immortality, and this corruptible must put on in corruption.".
So, when this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying which is written, Death is swallowed up in victory. O death, where is thy sting? O death, where is thy victory? ".
For what sensible thing can they say, if they endeavour to interpret otherwise this which he writes: "For this corruptible must put on in corruption, and this mortal put on immortality; "
For, lo, this mortal shall put on immortality; when the insatiableness of desire, which rushes into licentiousness, being trained to self-restraint, and made free from the love of corruption, shall consign the man to everlasting chastity.
d. AD 220TertullianAnte-NiceneSourceAgainst Marcion Book V
For this corruptible"-and as he spake, the apostle seemingly pointed to his own flesh-"must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality." in order, indeed, that it may be rendered a fit substance for the kingdom of God.
Thus, because of the apostle's expression, "that mortality may be swallowed up of life " -in reference to the flesh-they wrest the word swallowed up into the sense of the actual destruction of the flesh; as if we might not speak of ourselves as swallowing bile, or swallowing grief, meaning that we conceal and hide it, and keep it within ourselves. The truth is, when it is written, "This mortal must put on immortality," it is explained in what sense it is that "mortality is swallowed up of life "-even whilst, clothed with immortality, it is hidden and concealed, and contained within it, not as consumed, and destroyed, and lost.
But inasmuch as "this corruptible (that is, the flesh) must put on incorruption, and this mortal (that is, the blood) must put on immortality," by the change which is to follow the resurrection, it will, for the best of reasons, happen that flesh and blood, after that change and investiture, will become able to inherit the kingdom of God-but not without the resurrection.
d. AD 220TertullianAnte-NiceneSourceTo His Wife Book I
To us continence has been pointed out by the Lord of salvation as an instrument for attaining eternity, and as a testimony of (our) faith; as a commendation of this flesh of ours, which is to be sustained for the "garment of immortality," which is one day to supervene; for enduring, in fine, the will of God.
Death is incapable of immortality, but not so mortality. Besides, as it is written that "this mortal must put on immortality," how is this possible when it is swallowed up of life? But how is it swallowed up of life, (in the sense of destroyed by it) when it is actually received, and restored, and included in it? For the rest, it is only just and right that death should be swallowed up in utter destruction, since it does itself devour with this same intent.
But behold how persistently they still accumulate their cavils against the flesh, especially against its identity, deriving their arguments even from the functions of our limbs; on the one hand saying that these ought to continue permanently pursuing their labours and enjoyments, as appendages to the same corporeal frame; and on the other hand contending that, inasmuch as the functions of the limbs shall one day come to an end, the bodily frame itself must be destroyed, its permanence without its limbs being deemed to be as inconceivable, as that of the limbs themselves without their functions! What, they ask, will then be the use of the cavity of our mouth, and its rows of teeth, and the passage of the throat, and the branch-way of the stomach, and the gulf of the belly, and the entangled tissue of the bowels, when there shall no longer be room for eating and drinking? What more will there be for these members to take in, masticate, swallow, secrete, digest, eject? Of what avail will be our very hands, and feet, and all our labouring limbs, when even all care about food shall cease? What purpose can be served by loins, conscious of seminal secretions, and all the other organs of generation, in the two sexes, and the laboratories of embryos, and the fountains of the breast, when concubinage, and pregnancy, and infant nurture shall cease? In short, what will be the use of the entire body, when the entire body shall become useless? In reply to all this, we have then already settled the principle that the dispensation of the future state ought not to be compared with that of the present world, and that in the interval between them a change will take place; and we now add the remark, that these functions of our bodily limbs will continue to supply the needs of this life up to the moment when life itself shall pass away from time to eternity, as the natural body gives place to the spiritual, until "this mortal puts on immorality, and this corruptible puts on incorruption: " so that when life shall itself become freed from all wants, our limbs shall then be freed also from their services, and therefore will be no longer wanted.
d. AD 220TertullianAnte-NiceneSourceAgainst Marcion Book V
So that whilst these shall put on over their (changed) body this, heavenly raiment, the dead also shall for their part recover their body, over which they too have a supervesture to put on, even the incorruption of heaven; because of these it was that he said: "This corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality." The one put on this (heavenly) apparel, when they recover their bodies; the others put it on as a supervesture, when they indeed hardly lose them (in the suddenness of their change).
Here is a veritable eternity, in the (perennial) youth of your head! Here we have an "incorruptibility" to "put on," with a view to the new house of the Lord which the divine monarchy promises! Well do you speed toward the Lord; well do you hasten to be quit of this most iniquitous world, to whom it is unsightly to approach (your own) end!
But how so, unless they become entire, who have wasted away either in the loss of their health, or in the long decrepitude of the grave? For when he propounds the two clauses, that "this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality, " he does not repeat the same statement, but sets forth a distinction.
That no one should be made sad by death; since in living is labour and peril, in dying peace and the certainty of resurrection. In Genesis: "Then said the Lord to Adam, Because thou hast hearkened to the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of that tree of which alone I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat, cursed shall be the ground in all thy works; in sadness and groaning shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life: thorns and thistles shall it cast forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field in the sweat of thy brow. Thou shall eat thy bread until thou return unto the earth from which also thou wast taken; because earth thou art, and to earth thou shall go." Also in the same place: "And Enoch pleased God, and was not found afterwards: because God translated him." And in Isaiah: "All flesh is grass, and all the glory of it as the flower of grass. The grass withered, and the flower hath fallen away; but the word of the Lord abideth for ever." In Ezekiel: "They say, Our bones are become dry, our hope hath perished: we have expired. Therefore prophesy, and say, Thus saith the Lord, Behold, I open your monuments, and I will bring you forth from your monuments, and I will bring you into the land of Israel; and I will put my Spirit upon you, and ye shall live; and I will place you into your land: and ye shall know that I the Lord have spoken, and will do it, saith the Lord." Also in the Wisdom of Solomon: "He was taken away, lest wickedness should change his understanding; for his soul was pleasing to God." Also in the eighty-third Psalm: "How beloved are thy dwellings, Thou Lord of hosts? My soul desires and hastes to the courts of God." And in the Epistle of Paul to the Thessalonians: "But we would not that you should be ignorant, brethren, concerning those who sleep, that ye sorrow not as others which have no hope. For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, so also them which have fallen asleep in Jesus will God bring with Him." Also in the first Epistle to the Corinthians: "Thou fool, that which thou sowest is not quickened except it have first died." And again: "Star differeth from star in glory: so also the resurrection. The body is sown in corruption, it rises without corruption; it is sown in ignominy, it rises again in glory; it is sown in weakness, it rises again in power; it is sown an animal body, it rises again a spiritual body." And again: "For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal put on immortality. But when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall come to pass the word that is written, Death is absorbed Into striving. Where, O death, is thy sting? Where, O death, is thy striving? " Also in the Gospel according to John: "Father, I will that those whom Thou hast given me be with me where I shall be, and may see my glory which Thou hast given me before the foundation of the world." Also according to Luke: "Now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace, O Lord, according to the word; for mine eyes have seen Thy salvation." Also according to John: "If ye loved me, ye would rejoice because I go to the Father; for the Father is greater than I."
"And He had in His right hand seven stars." He said that in His right hand He had seven stars, because the Holy Spirit of sevenfold agency was given into His power by the Father. As Peter exclaimed to the Jews: "Being at the right hand of God exalted, He hath shed forth this Spirit received from the Father, which ye both see and hear." Moreover, John the Baptist had also anticipated this, by saying to his disciples: "For God giveth not the Spirit by measure unto Him. The Father," says he, "loveth the Son, and hath given all things into His hands." Those seven stars are the seven churches, which he names in his addresses by name, old calls them to whom he wrote epistles. Not that they are themselves the only, or even the principal churches; but what he says to one, he says to all. For they are in no respect different, that on that ground any one should prefer them to the larger number of similar small ones. In the whole world Paul taught that all the churches are arranged by sevens, that they are called seven, and that the Catholic Church is one. And first of all, indeed, that he himself also might maintain the type of seven churches, he did not exceed that number. But he wrote to the Romans, to the Corinthians, to the Galatians, to the Ephesians, to the Thessalonians, to the Philippians, to the Colossians; afterwards he wrote to individual persons, so as not to exceed the number of seven churches. And abridging in a short space his announcement, he thus says to Timothy: "That thou mayest know how thou oughtest to behave thyself in the Church of the living God." We read also that this typical number is announced by the Holy Spirit by the month of Isaiah: "Of seven women which took hold of one man." The one man is Christ, not born of seed; but the seven women are seven churches, receiving His bread, and clothed with his apparel, who ask that their reproach should be taken away, only that His name should be called upon them. The bread is the Holy Spirit, which nourishes to eternal life, promised to them, that is, by faith. And His garments wherewith they desire to be clothed are the glory of immortality, of which Paul the apostle says: "For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on mortality." Moreover, they ask that their reproach may be taken away-that is, that they may be cleansed from their sins: for the reproach is the original sin which is taken away in baptism, and they begin to be called Christian men, which is, "Let thy name be called upon us." Therefore in these seven churches, of one Catholic Church are believers, because it is one in seven by the quality of faith and election. Whether writing to them who labour in the world, and live of the frugality of their labours, and are patient, and when they see certain men in the Church wasters, and pernicious, they hear them, lest there should become dissension, he yet admonishes them by love, that in what respects their faith is deficient they should repent; or to those who dwell in cruel places among persecutors, that they should continue faithful; or to those who, under the pretext of mercy, do unlawful sins in the Church, and make them manifest to be done by others; or to those that are at ease in the Church; or to those who are negligent, and Christians only in name; or to those who are meekly instructed, that they may bravely persevere in faith; or to those who study the Scriptures, and labour to know the mysteries of their announcement, and are unwilling to do God's work that is mercy and love: to all he urges penitence, to all he declares judgment.
While the identical body is raised up, it will be transformed by the putting on of incorruption, as iron exposed to fire is made incandescent. This occurs in a manner known only to the Lord who raises the dead.
The blossom of the resurrection is immortality and incorruption. What is richer than everlasting rest? What is a source of greater gain and satisfaction than perpetual security? Here is the manifold fruit, the harvest, whereby man’s nature grows more vigorous and productive after death.
"For this corruptible must put on incorruption."

Thus lest any, hearing that "flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God," should suppose that our bodies do not rise again; he adds, "this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality." Now the body is "corruptible," the body is "mortal:" so that the body indeed remains, for it is the body which is put on; but its mortality and corruption vanish away, when immortality and incorruption come upon it. Do not thou therefore question hereafter how it shall live an endless life, now that thou hast heard of its becoming incorruptible.
d. AD 407John ChrysostomPost-NiceneSourceHOMILIES ON GENESIS 36.15
What has been mortal will be clad in immortality. After the resurrection of our bodies he promised to grant us enjoyment of the kingdom, life with the saints, enjoyment for all eternity, and those ineffable good things "which eye has not seen nor ear heard, nor have they been imagined by the human heart.".
d. AD 420JeromePost-NiceneSourceHOMILY 61 ON PSALM 15
Just as before the Lord suffered his passion, when he was transformed and glorified on the mountain, he certainly had the same body that he had had down below, although of a different glory, so also after the resurrection, his body was of the same nature as it had been before the passion but of a higher state of glory and in more majestic appearance.
People are amazed that God, who made all things from nothing, makes a heavenly body from human flesh. When he was in the flesh, did not the Lord make wine from water? Is it anything so much more wonderful if he makes a heavenly body from human flesh?… Is he who was able to make you when you did not exist not able to make over what you once were?
d. AD 533Fulgentius of RuspePost-NiceneSourceTO PETER ON THE FAITH 237
The masculine and feminine sexes will remain just as their bodies were created. Their glory will vary according to the diversity of their good works. For all the bodies of both men and women, all that will exist in that kingdom will be glorious.
The second class of miracles, on this view, foretell what God has not yet done, but will do, universally. He raised one man (the man who was Himself) from the dead because He will one day raise all men from the dead. Perhaps not only men, for there are hints in the New Testament that all creation will eventually be rescued from decay, restored to shape and subserve the splendour of re-made humanity. The Transfiguration and the walking on the water are glimpses of the beauty and the effortless power over all matter which will belong to men when they are really waked by God. Now resurrection certainly involves “reversal” of natural process in the sense that it involves a series of changes moving in the opposite direction to those we see. At death, matter which has been organic, falls back gradually into the inorganic, to be finally scattered and used perhaps in other organisms. Resurrection would be the reverse process. It would not of course mean the restoration to each personality of those very atoms, numerically the same, which had made its first or “natural” body. There would not be enough to go round, for one thing; and for another, the unity of the body even in this life was consistent with a slow but perplexed change of its actual ingredients. But it certainly does mean matter of some kind rushing towards organism as now we see it rushing away. It means, in fact, playing backwards a film we have already seen played forwards. In that sense it is a reversal of Nature. But, of course, it is a further question whether reversal in this sense is necessarily contradiction. Do we know that the film cannot be played backwards?

Well, in one sense, it is precisely the teaching of modern physics that the film never works backwards. For modern physics, as you have heard before, the universe is “running down.” Disorganization and chance is continually increasing. There will come a time, not infinitely remote, when it will be wholly run down or wholly disorganized, and science knows of no possible return from that state. There must have been a time, not infinitely remote, in the past when it was wound up, though science knows of no winding-up process. The point is that for our ancestors the universe was a picture: for modern physics it is a story. If the universe is a picture these things either appear in that picture or not; and if they don’t, since it is an infinite picture, one may suspect that they are contrary to the nature of things. But a story is a different matter; specially if it is an incomplete story. And the story told by modern physics might be told briefly in the words “Humpty Dumpty was falling.” That is, it proclaims itself an incomplete story. There must have been a time before he fell, when he was sitting on the wall; there must be a time after he had reached the ground. It is quite true that science knows of no horses and men who can put him together again once he has reached the ground and broken. But then she also knows of no means by which he could originally have been put on the wall. You wouldn’t expect her to. All science rests on observation: all our observations are taken during Humpty Dumpty’s fall, because we were born after he lost his seat on the wall and shall be extinct long before he reaches the ground. But to assume from observations taken while the clock is running down that the unimaginable winding-up which must have preceded this process cannot occur when the process is over is the merest dogmatism. From the very nature of the case the laws of degradation and disorganization which we find in matter at present, cannot be the ultimate and eternal nature of things. If they were, there would have been nothing to degrade and disorganize. Humpty Dumpty can’t fall off a wall that never existed.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.

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