1 Corinthians 14:22

First Corinthians chapter 14 addresses the proper use and relative value of spiritual gifts within the church, particularly focusing on tongues and prophecy. Paul's primary concern throughout this chapter is the edification and order of the Christian assembly.

Context of 1 Corinthians 14:22

In this chapter, Paul is correcting the Corinthian church's misuse of spiritual gifts, especially the gift of tongues. The Corinthians were seemingly prioritizing the more outwardly spectacular gift of tongues over prophecy, which Paul argues is superior because it directly edifies the church. He emphasizes that all gifts should be exercised in an orderly manner and for the building up of believers. This verse serves as a crucial summary statement regarding the distinct purposes of these two gifts, reinforcing Paul's argument that prophecy is more beneficial for the church than uninterpreted tongues.

Key Themes and Messages

• The Purpose of Tongues: A Sign for Unbelievers
  Paul states that "tongues are for a sign, not to them that believe, but to them that believe not." This points to a specific function of tongues, often understood as a miraculous display of God's power and a judgment against unbelief, particularly for those who reject the gospel despite seeing such signs. The classic example is found in the Day of Pentecost in Acts 2, where diverse languages were spoken, serving as a sign to the Jewish people present. For those who refuse to believe, tongues can serve as a witness to God's presence, though it can also be misinterpreted if not properly handled (as warned in 1 Corinthians 14:23).
• The Purpose of Prophecy: Edification for Believers
  Conversely, Paul declares that "prophesying [serveth] not for them that believe not, but for them which believe." Prophecy, which involves speaking forth God's message, aims to strengthen, encourage, and comfort believers. It serves to build up the church by revealing God's will, convicting hearts, and instructing in righteousness. Its directness and clarity make it immediately beneficial for those who already have faith, helping them grow in their understanding and walk with God.
• Order and Edification in Worship
  Underlying this distinction is Paul's overarching principle that all spiritual gifts must be exercised for the edification of the body of Christ and in an orderly fashion. The value of a spiritual gift is measured by its ability to build up the community of faith, not by its sensational appeal.

Linguistic Insights

The Greek word for "tongues" is glōssa (γλῶσσα), which can refer to a physical tongue, a language, or supernatural speech. In this context, it refers to the spiritual gift of speaking in languages unknown to the speaker. "Prophesying" comes from prophēteia (προφητεία), meaning to speak forth or proclaim a divine message, often but not always predictive. The term "sign" is sēmeion (σημεῖον), denoting a mark, token, or miracle that points to a deeper reality or divine intervention.

Practical Application

This verse provides crucial guidance for understanding the function of spiritual gifts in the church today. It reminds us that:

• Purpose Matters: We should always consider the purpose and audience when exercising spiritual gifts. Is it for evangelism (a sign to unbelievers) or for spiritual growth (edification of believers)?
• Clarity is Key: For the church to be built up, communication must be clear and understandable. This is why Paul prioritizes prophecy for believers.
• Love Guides All: As emphasized throughout 1 Corinthians, especially in chapter 13, love should be the driving force behind the use of all spiritual gifts, ensuring they are used for the benefit of others and not for personal display.