1 Chronicles 5:18

¶ The sons of Reuben, and the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh, of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to shoot with bow, and skilful in war, [were] four and forty thousand seven hundred and threescore, that went out to the war.

The sons {H1121} of Reuben {H7205}, and the Gadites {H1425}, and half {H2677} the tribe {H7626} of Manasseh {H4519}, of valiant men {H2428}, men {H582} able to bear {H5375} buckler {H4043} and sword {H2719}, and to shoot {H1869} with bow {H7198}, and skilful {H3925} in war {H4421}, were four {H702} and forty {H705} thousand {H505} seven {H7651} hundred {H3967} and threescore {H8346}, that went out {H3318} to the war {H6635}.

The descendants of Re'uven, the Gadi and the half-tribe of M'nasheh included 44,760 brave men who were available for warfare, able to take up shield and sword, shoot with the bow, or make use of other war skills.

The Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had 44,760 warriors—valiant men who carried the shield and sword, drew the bow, and were trained for battle.

The sons of Reuben, and the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to shoot with bow, and skilful in war, were forty and four thousand seven hundred and threescore, that were able to go forth to war.

Commentary

1 Chronicles 5:18 provides a detailed description of the military strength and readiness of the Transjordanian tribes: the sons of Reuben, the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh. This verse highlights their formidable numbers and exceptional combat skills, emphasizing their preparedness for warfare. It serves as a testament to their role as a significant fighting force within ancient Israel.

Context

This verse is situated within a broader genealogical section in 1 Chronicles, specifically focusing on the lineage and settlement of the tribes of Israel. Chapter 5 delves into the descendants of Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh, who famously chose to settle their inheritance east of the Jordan River. Their decision is recorded in Numbers 32 and further elaborated upon in Joshua 13. The Chronicler, in detailing their military capabilities, sets the stage for understanding their subsequent victories and their contribution to Israel's defense.

Key Themes

  • Military Prowess and Readiness: The verse explicitly lists their abilities: "able to bear buckler and sword," "to shoot with bow," and "skilful in war." This comprehensive description underscores their training, equipment, and tactical expertise, crucial attributes for survival and success in the often-hostile environment of the ancient Near East.
  • Numerical Strength: The precise figure of "four and forty thousand seven hundred and threescore" (44,760) emphasizes the substantial number of warriors these tribes could field. This large contingent represented a significant portion of Israel's overall military might, capable of large-scale engagements.
  • Valiance and Courage: The term "valiant men" speaks not only to their physical strength but also to their bravery and resolve in battle. This quality was highly esteemed and essential for any successful military endeavor.

Linguistic Insights

The KJV phrase "valiant men" translates the Hebrew word gibborim (גִּבֹּרִים), which signifies mighty men, heroes, or powerful warriors. This term often implies not just physical strength but also courage, prowess, and distinction in battle. Their being "skilful in war" suggests a high level of expertise and strategic understanding, beyond mere brute force.

Practical Application

While this verse describes physical warfare, it offers spiritual insights for believers today. Just as these tribes were prepared for earthly battles, believers are called to be prepared for spiritual warfare. We are to be "valiant" in our faith, standing firm against spiritual adversaries, and "skilful" in using the tools God provides—His Word, prayer, and the armor of God. This verse reminds us of the importance of readiness, training, and courage in facing life's challenges, both physical and spiritual.

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Cross-References

  • Joshua 4:12

    And the children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh, passed over armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spake unto them:

  • Joshua 4:13

    About forty thousand prepared for war passed over before the LORD unto battle, to the plains of Jericho.

  • Numbers 1:3

    From twenty years old and upward, all that are able to go forth to war in Israel: thou and Aaron shall number them by their armies.
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