1 Chronicles 2:21

KJV

And afterward Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead, whom he married when he [was] threescore years old; and she bare him Segub.

KJV (with Strong's)

And afterward {H310} Hezron {H2696} went in {H935} to the daughter {H1323} of Machir {H4353} the father {H1} of Gilead {H1568}, whom he married {H3947} when he was threescore {H8346} years {H8141} old {H1121}; and she bare {H3205} him Segub {H7687}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Afterwards, Hetzron had sexual relations with the daughter of Machir the father of Gil'ad; he married her when he was sixty years old, and she bore him S'guv.

Berean Standard Bible

Later, Hezron slept with the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead. He had married her when he was sixty years old, and she bore to him Segub.

American Standard Version

And afterward Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead, whom he tookto wifewhen he was threescore years old; and she bare him Segub.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
1 Chronicles 2:21 meticulously records a pivotal marriage within the lineage of Judah, detailing how Hezron, a grandson of Judah, at the advanced age of sixty, married the daughter of Machir, the progenitor of Gilead. This union results in the birth of Segub, a key figure in the continuation of a significant tribal line. The verse underscores the divine preservation of Israel's genealogies, highlighting the inter-tribal connections between Judah and Manasseh, and subtly pointing to God's sovereign hand in maintaining the covenant line despite seemingly challenging circumstances.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is embedded within the extensive and foundational genealogies that open the book of 1 Chronicles, spanning chapters 1-9. These chapters serve as a comprehensive record of Israel's lineage, tracing back to Adam and meticulously detailing the descendants of the twelve tribes, with a particular emphasis on the tribe of Judah and the Davidic royal line. Chapter 2 specifically focuses on the descendants of Judah, establishing the framework for the subsequent narrative concerning the kingship and the temple. Within this detailed list, 1 Chronicles 2:21 appears in the genealogy of Hezron, a prominent son of Judah. The Chronicler, writing for a post-exilic community, uses these genealogies to affirm the continuity of God's covenant people, their tribal identities, land inheritance, and the legitimacy of the Davidic line, which was crucial for their national and spiritual restoration. This verse, therefore, is not merely a dry list but a vital link in the chain of God's unfolding plan.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In ancient Israel, genealogies were far more than mere family trees; they were foundational documents that established identity, legal rights, land inheritance, and tribal affiliations. Marriages, especially between prominent families or across tribal lines, held significant socio-political implications. The union of Hezron (from Judah, the dominant southern tribe) with the daughter of Machir (a key figure from the tribe of Manasseh, associated with the Transjordanian territory of Gilead) was strategically important. Machir was a son of Manasseh and a significant landholder, so the phrase "father of Gilead" denotes his prominence and association with that region. Such inter-tribal marriages could solidify alliances, facilitate resource sharing, and reinforce claims to territory, particularly in a region like Gilead, which was vital for its agricultural and strategic importance. The detail of Hezron's age ("threescore years old," or 60) when he married and fathered Segub is also culturally significant, as procreation was highly valued, and the ability to bear children at an advanced age was often seen as a sign of divine blessing and providence, echoing similar narratives in Israel's history.
* **Key Themes:** 1 Chronicles 2:21 contributes to several overarching themes within the book and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it powerfully underscores **Genealogical Continuity and Purity**, emphasizing the meticulous preservation of Israel's lineage, which was essential for maintaining tribal identity, ensuring proper land inheritance, and crucially, safeguarding the path for the future Messiah. This meticulous record keeping is seen throughout the Old Testament, for example, in the post-exilic community's careful verification of lineage in [Ezra 2:59](/ezra/2-59 "Ezra 2:59 - Lineage Verification"). Secondly, the verse highlights **Inter-Tribal Connections and Alliances**, demonstrating how marriages between prominent figures from different tribes (Judah and Manasseh) could forge important relationships, blend influences, and secure territorial claims, particularly concerning the important region of Gilead. Thirdly, the detail of Hezron's age at marriage points to **Divine Providence in Procreation**. Like the miraculous births to [Abraham and Sarah in their old age](/genesis/17-17 "Genesis 17:17 - Abraham and Sarah's Advanced Age"), Hezron's ability to father Segub at sixty years old subtly suggests God's sovereign hand in sustaining the covenant line, even when human circumstances might seem challenging. Lastly, the mention of Machir as "the father of Gilead" reinforces the theme of **Land and Inheritance**, linking lineage directly to territorial claims and the fulfillment of God's promises concerning the land of Israel, a theme further explored in [1 Chronicles 2:22](/1_chronicles/2-22 "1 Chronicles 2:22 - Jair's Inheritance in Gilead").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **"went in to" (Hebrew, _bo'_):** This is a common biblical euphemism for sexual intercourse, particularly within the context of marriage or establishing a marital relationship. It signifies the consummation of the marriage and the initiation of a physical union intended for procreation. Its use here indicates the full establishment of Hezron's marriage to Machir's daughter.
* **"threescore years old" (Hebrew, _shishshim shanah'_):** This precise numerical detail, meaning sixty years old, is significant. While not unheard of, procreation at this age was less common, especially for the first child with a new wife. Its inclusion emphasizes the specific circumstances of this union and, in a broader biblical context, can subtly point to divine intervention or blessing in the continuation of a family line, much like other instances of procreation at advanced ages in Scripture.
* **"Machir the father of Gilead" (Hebrew, _Machir 'avi Gil'ad'_):** Machir was the firstborn son of Manasseh (Genesis 50:23). The phrase "father of Gilead" is a tribal and geographical designation, indicating that Machir was the progenitor or leading figure associated with the region of Gilead, east of the Jordan River. This highlights the importance of the land and the tribal claims connected to this lineage. It also signifies the prominence of Machir's line within Manasseh, making this an important inter-tribal union.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And afterward Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead":** This clause establishes the primary action and the participants. "Afterward" places this event in sequence following Hezron's other recorded descendants (e.g., Jerahmeel and Ram in 1 Chronicles 2:9-10). Hezron, a son of Judah, marries into the family of Machir, a significant figure from the tribe of Manasseh. The designation "father of Gilead" emphasizes Machir's status and the geographical connection of his lineage to the important Transjordanian territory. This union signifies a strategic inter-tribal connection between Judah and Manasseh.
* **"whom he married when he [was] threescore years old":** This parenthetical detail provides crucial information about Hezron's age at the time of this marriage and the subsequent conception. At sixty years old, Hezron was well into advanced age for procreation in ancient times. This detail highlights the specific circumstances surrounding the birth of Segub and, within the biblical narrative, often serves to underscore God's sovereign hand in enabling procreation and the continuation of a lineage, even under less common conditions.
* **"and she bare him Segub":** This final clause states the direct outcome of the union: the birth of Segub. Segub becomes a vital link in the genealogical chain, further connecting the line of Judah with the territory of Gilead through his mother's lineage. This birth ensures the continuation of the family line and contributes to the intricate tapestry of Israel's tribal history, ultimately serving the Chronicler's purpose of demonstrating the unbroken continuity of God's people.

#### Literary Devices
The primary literary device at play in 1 Chronicles 2:21, and indeed throughout the initial chapters of Chronicles, is **Genealogy**. This meticulous listing of family lines serves not merely as a historical record but as a theological statement, affirming the continuity of God's covenant people, their tribal identities, and the legitimacy of the Davidic line. The Chronicler uses genealogy to establish a sense of rootedness and divine purpose for the post-exilic community. Additionally, the phrase "went in to" employs **Euphemism**, a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt, in this case, for sexual relations. The inclusion of Hezron's age, "threescore years old," serves as a form of **Emphasis**, drawing attention to the specific circumstances of this birth, potentially hinting at divine blessing or a notable event within the lineage.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
1 Chronicles 2:21, though seemingly a simple genealogical entry, carries profound theological weight. It demonstrates God's meticulous faithfulness in preserving the lineage of His covenant people, even through seemingly ordinary or unusual marital unions. The detail of Hezron's advanced age at the birth of Segub subtly echoes a recurring biblical theme: God's ability to work through human limitations and unexpected circumstances to fulfill His promises. The inter-tribal marriage between Judah and Manasseh also reflects God's overarching plan for the unity and interconnectedness of Israel, demonstrating how various parts of the nation contribute to the larger divine tapestry. This verse, therefore, is not just about family history but about God's sovereign hand guiding the course of history to achieve His redemptive purposes, ensuring the continuity of the chosen people through whom His ultimate plan of salvation would unfold.

* [Genesis 17:17](/genesis/17-17 "Genesis 17:17 - Abraham and Sarah's Advanced Age")
* [Ruth 4:18-22](/ruth/4 "Ruth 4:18-22 - Genealogy of David")
* [Matthew 1:1-17](/matthew/1 "Matthew 1:1-17 - Genealogy of Jesus Christ")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
While 1 Chronicles 2:21 is a historical record from a distant past, it offers enduring insights for contemporary believers. It reminds us that God's faithfulness spans generations, meticulously working through the lives of individuals, even in details as seemingly mundane as family trees, to accomplish His grand design. This verse encourages us to appreciate the rich tapestry of our spiritual heritage, recognizing that we are part of a continuous story of God's redemptive work. It challenges us to consider how our own lives, our relationships, and our decisions contribute to God's ongoing purposes in the world. Just as God sovereignly guided the lineage of Israel, He also orchestrates the circumstances of our lives, calling us to trust in His providence and to faithfully steward the heritage we have received. This verse invites us to find comfort in God's unwavering commitment to His promises, knowing that He is at work in every detail, ensuring the fulfillment of His plans.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the meticulous nature of biblical genealogies, like 1 Chronicles 2:21, deepen your appreciation for God's sovereign control over history and individual lives?**
* **In what ways can understanding our spiritual heritage, tracing God's faithfulness through generations, strengthen our faith and sense of identity today?**
* **How might the detail of Hezron's advanced age at Segub's birth encourage you about God's ability to work through unexpected or challenging circumstances in your own life?**

### FAQ

**Why is Hezron's age mentioned in this genealogical record?**

Answer: The mention of Hezron being "threescore years old" (sixty years old) when he married and fathered Segub is significant for several reasons. Firstly, it provides a precise historical detail, characteristic of the Chronicler's meticulous record-keeping. Secondly, in a cultural context where procreation was highly valued, and advanced age could present challenges, this detail might subtly highlight divine providence. It echoes other biblical narratives where God enables births at advanced ages (e.g., [Abraham and Sarah](/genesis/17-17 "Genesis 17:17 - Abraham and Sarah's Advanced Age") or [Zechariah and Elizabeth](/luke/1-5 "Luke 1:5 - Zechariah and Elizabeth's Advanced Age")), underscoring God's sovereign ability to ensure the continuation of a lineage according to His plan. It shows that the continuation of the covenant line was not always by human strength alone but often by divine blessing.

**Who was Machir, and why is "the father of Gilead" an important designation?**

Answer: Machir was the firstborn son of Manasseh, one of Joseph's sons (as seen in [Genesis 50:23](/genesis/50-23 "Genesis 50:23 - Machir's Birth")). The designation "the father of Gilead" indicates that Machir was the progenitor or leading figure associated with the territory of Gilead, a significant region east of the Jordan River. This title signifies his prominence and the strong connection of his descendants to this specific land. In ancient Israel, such titles were not just about biological fatherhood but often denoted leadership, ownership, or the establishment of a community or clan in a particular area. Therefore, Hezron's marriage to Machir's daughter forged an important inter-tribal connection between the powerful tribe of Judah and the influential Manassite clan associated with Gilead, impacting land claims and tribal relationships.

**What is the broader significance of genealogies like this in 1 Chronicles?**

Answer: The extensive genealogies in 1 Chronicles (chapters 1-9), including 1 Chronicles 2:21, serve a crucial purpose for the Chronicler, who wrote for the post-exilic community returning to Judah. These lists were not merely dry historical records but vital documents that established and reaffirmed the identity, continuity, and legitimacy of the people of Israel. They linked the returning exiles back to their ancestral roots, to the covenant promises, to the land, and most importantly, to the unbroken lineage leading to King David and the promise of a perpetual kingdom. By meticulously preserving these lines, the Chronicler reassured the people of God's faithfulness to His covenants, providing a foundation for their spiritual and national restoration and pointing forward to the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises through the Messiah.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
1 Chronicles 2:21, though a seemingly minor detail within a long genealogical list, plays a vital role in the overarching biblical narrative that culminates in Christ. The meticulous recording of lineages, including the union of Hezron (of Judah) with the daughter of Machir (of Manasseh), underscores God's sovereign and precise orchestration of history to bring about His redemptive plan. Every name, every marriage, and every birth in these genealogies served to preserve the covenant line, ensuring that the promised Messiah would indeed descend from Judah, as prophesied in [Genesis 49:10](/genesis/49-10 "Genesis 49:10 - Scepter from Judah"). The detail of Hezron's advanced age when Segub was born subtly highlights God's miraculous ability to sustain the lineage, even in challenging circumstances, mirroring other divine interventions in the Messianic line (e.g., the birth of Isaac to [Abraham and Sarah in their old age](/genesis/21-1 "Genesis 21:1 - Birth of Isaac")). Ultimately, these ancient records find their profound fulfillment in the New Testament genealogies of Jesus Christ, as seen in [Matthew 1:1-17](/matthew/1 "Matthew 1:1-17 - Genealogy of Jesus Christ") and [Luke 3:23-38](/luke/3 "Luke 3:23-38 - Genealogy of Jesus Christ"). These lists confirm that Jesus is the rightful heir to the Davidic throne and the ultimate seed through whom all the promises made to Abraham and Israel are fulfilled. Thus, 1 Chronicles 2:21 is a testament to God's unwavering faithfulness across generations, meticulously preparing the way for the coming of the [Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world](/john/1-29 "John 1:29 - Jesus, the Lamb of God").

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Numbers 27:1

¶ Then came the daughters of Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, of the families of Manasseh the son of Joseph: and these [are] the names of his daughters; Mahlah, Noah, and Hoglah, and Milcah, and Tirzah.

Numbers 26:29

Of the sons of Manasseh: of Machir, the family of the Machirites: and Machir begat Gilead: of Gilead [come] the family of the Gileadites.

Genesis 50:23

And Joseph saw Ephraim's children of the third [generation]: the children also of Machir the son of Manasseh were brought up upon Joseph's knees.

Numbers 32:39

And the children of Machir the son of Manasseh went to Gilead, and took it, and dispossessed the Amorite which [was] in it.

Numbers 32:40

And Moses gave Gilead unto Machir the son of Manasseh; and he dwelt therein.

Deuteronomy 3:15

And I gave Gilead unto Machir.