Psalms 72:20

KJV

The prayers of David the son of Jesse are ended.

KJV (with Strong's)

The prayers {H8605} of David {H1732} the son {H1121} of Jesse {H3448} are ended {H3615}{H8795)}.

Complete Jewish Bible

This completes the prayers of David the son of Yishai.

Berean Standard Bible

Thus conclude the prayers of David son of Jesse.

American Standard Version

The prayers of David the son of Jesse are ended.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Psalms 72:20 functions as a pivotal editorial colophon within the Psalter, explicitly marking the conclusion of a distinct collection of psalms traditionally associated with King David, specifically Book Two (Psalms 42-72). This concise statement not only highlights the intentional compilation and preservation of these sacred prayers by ancient scribes but also underscores the diligent human agency, guided by divine inspiration, in shaping the biblical text for future generations. It signifies the completion of a specific literary unit within the larger anthology, rather than the cessation of David's spiritual life or the ongoing impact of his profound communion with God.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse immediately follows the majestic doxology of [Psalm 72:18-19](/psalms/72-18-19 "Psalm 72:18-19 - A Doxology of Praise"), which resounds with praise for the glorious name of the Lord God of Israel and a fervent prayer for His glory to fill the entire earth. [Psalm 72](/psalms/72 "Psalm 72 - A Prayer for the King") itself is a royal psalm, often attributed to or composed for King Solomon, detailing the characteristics and blessings of an ideal, righteous monarch whose reign brings peace, justice, and universal prosperity. The colophon in [Psalms 72:20](/psalms/72-20 "Psalms 72:20 - The End of David's Prayers") then acts as a distinct editorial marker, signaling the completion of what scholars identify as Book Two of the five-part Psalter (comprising Psalms 42-72). This strategic placement clarifies that while Psalm 72 may focus on Solomon or a future Davidic king, the preceding collection, broadly speaking, is considered "the prayers of David." It is a note from the compilers, indicating that this particular compilation of Davidic psalms has reached its designated close, preparing the reader for subsequent sections with different attributions or thematic emphases.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The compilation of the Book of Psalms was a long and intricate process, spanning centuries and involving various scribal schools and editorial hands. The practice of organizing sacred texts into distinct collections or "books" was a common literary and religious convention in the ancient Near East, mirroring the structured arrangement of other significant biblical works like the Pentateuch. The phrase "David the son of Jesse" powerfully grounds David in his historical reality and lineage, serving as a poignant reminder of his humble origins as a shepherd from Bethlehem before his divine anointing as king. This emphasis on his specific lineage also subtly reinforces the enduring covenant God made with David, promising an eternal dynasty (as seen in [2 Samuel 7](/2_samuel/7 "2 Samuel 7 - The Davidic Covenant")), a theme central to Israel's hope for a righteous and everlasting king. The very existence of this colophon speaks volumes about the meticulous care, reverence, and theological intentionality with which the sacred writings were handled, preserved, and transmitted by the Israelite community across generations.
* **Key Themes:** This verse, though brief, highlights several significant themes integral to understanding the Psalter and biblical theology. Firstly, it underscores the **Editorial Structure of the Psalter**, revealing the deliberate and organized compilation of these sacred songs into five distinct "books," each typically concluding with a doxology and an editorial note like this. This intentional arrangement speaks to the theological purpose behind the Psalter's design, guiding readers through various stages of Israel's worship, lament, and spiritual journey. Secondly, it emphasizes **David's Enduring Legacy**, acknowledging his foundational role as the "sweet psalmist of Israel" and the primary author or inspiration for a significant portion of the Psalter. By identifying him as "the son of Jesse," it connects his prayers to his divinely chosen lineage, which is crucial for understanding the Messianic hope that flows from the [Davidic Covenant](/2_samuel/7 "2 Samuel 7 - The Davidic Covenant"). His prayers were not merely personal expressions but became the bedrock of Israel's communal worship and prophetic anticipation. Lastly, it subtly points to the **Permanence and Power of Prayer**, even if a collection is "ended." The fact that these prayers were meticulously preserved and continue to instruct and inspire millennia later testifies to their enduring spiritual efficacy and the timeless nature of communion with God.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Prayers (Hebrew, _tᵉphillâh'_):** This plural noun (H8605) refers broadly to supplications, intercessions, and devotional addresses to God. While the Psalter contains a diverse range of genres—including laments, praises, wisdom, and thanksgiving—they are all fundamentally expressions of human interaction with the divine, thus fittingly categorized as "prayers." The term here encompasses the full spectrum of David's spiritual communication with God, from raw anguish to exuberant praise, reflecting his comprehensive life of devotion.
* **David (Hebrew, _Dâvid'_):** The name (H1732) of Israel's most celebrated king, renowned not only for his military prowess and political leadership but also for his profound spiritual life and poetic gifts. His identity as "the son of Jesse" (H1121, _bên_, "son"; H3448, _Yishay_, "Jesse") emphasizes his humble, non-royal origins, highlighting God's sovereign choice and covenant faithfulness to him, despite his human frailties. This specific appellation connects him to the prophetic promises of a Messiah from his lineage, underscoring his unique role in salvation history.
* **Ended (Hebrew, _kâlâh'_):** This verb (H3615), derived from a primitive root, means "to be finished," "to be completed," or "to come to an end." In this context, it functions as a clear editorial statement, indicating the cessation of this particular compilation of Davidic psalms within the Psalter's larger structure. It does not imply that David ceased to pray in his lifetime, nor that his prayers lost their spiritual power; rather, it signifies that the collection attributed to him up to this point in the Psalter's arrangement has reached its designated close, marking a literary boundary.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"The prayers of David":** This phrase serves as an attribution, identifying the preceding collection of psalms (specifically Book Two, and broadly, those attributed to David up to this point) as originating from or being associated with King David. It is a collective reference to the various psalms, whether directly composed by him, written for him, or inspired by his spirit and life, that have been compiled together in this section of the Psalter.
* **"the son of Jesse":** This appositional phrase further identifies David, grounding him in his specific lineage. It recalls his humble beginnings as a shepherd from Bethlehem and emphasizes God's sovereign choice of him, bypassing Saul's royal line. The inclusion of Jesse's name also subtly points to the Messianic prophecies that foretold a future deliverer arising from Jesse's root, linking David's prayers and kingship to the broader redemptive narrative of Israel.
* **"are ended":** This declarative statement functions as a colophon, a scribal or editorial note indicating the completion of a section or work. It signifies that the collection of psalms specifically designated as "the prayers of David" within this portion of the Psalter has reached its conclusion. It is a structural marker, indicating the editorial arrangement of the book, rather than a theological pronouncement on the efficacy or ongoing nature of prayer itself.

#### Literary Devices
The primary literary device at play in Psalms 72:20 is the **Colophon**. A colophon is an inscription, typically found at the end of a book or manuscript, that provides information about its production, authorship, or completion. In this case, it functions as an editorial note by the compilers of the Psalter, meticulously marking the end of a specific collection of Davidic psalms. This device highlights the intentional and meticulous process of compiling sacred texts. Additionally, the phrase "the prayers of David" can be seen as a form of **Metonymy**, where "prayers" stands in for the broader collection of psalms. While many psalms are indeed prayers, the collection also includes laments, praises, and wisdom literature, all encompassed by this overarching term. The specific appellation "the son of Jesse" serves as an **Emphasis** or **Appellation**, drawing attention to David's unique identity, his humble origins, and his divinely chosen lineage, which is profoundly significant for understanding the Messianic trajectory of the Psalter.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Psalms 72:20, though brief and seemingly a mere editorial footnote, offers profound theological insights into the nature of divine revelation and the preservation of God's Word. It underscores the dual nature of biblical inspiration, where divine revelation is faithfully transmitted and organized through human hands. The "ending" of David's prayers here is not a theological statement about prayer's efficacy or relevance, but rather a deliberate editorial act that speaks volumes about the reverence and meticulous care with which God's people preserved His sacred utterances. It reminds us that the Psalter is not a random collection but a divinely guided, intentionally structured anthology, designed to shape the faith, worship, and spiritual formation of Israel and, subsequently, the Church. The enduring presence of David's prayers, compiled and preserved for millennia, testifies to the timeless power of sincere devotion and the lasting impact of lives lived in profound communion with God. These prayers, born of specific historical circumstances, transcend their original context to speak to universal human experiences of joy, sorrow, repentance, and hope, continually pointing to God's faithfulness and the coming of His righteous King.

* [2 Samuel 7:16](/2_samuel/7-16 "2 Samuel 7:16 - God's Enduring Covenant with David"): This verse is a foundational promise of God's enduring covenant with David, ensuring his house and kingdom will be established forever, directly linking David's legacy and lineage to the Messianic hope.
* [Psalm 1:1-6](/psalms/1-1-6 "Psalm 1:1-6 - The Way of the Righteous and the Wicked"): As the thematic introduction to the entire Psalter, it sets the tone for the book, emphasizing the blessedness of delighting in God's law and walking in His ways, a central theme that permeates the "prayers of David" and the entire collection.
* [Psalm 150:6](/psalms/150-6 "Psalm 150:6 - A Universal Call to Praise"): The triumphant final verse of the Psalter, a grand doxology, which contrasts with the editorial note of Psalms 72:20, demonstrating that while sections of God's Word may "end," the eternal call to praise and worship God is unending.

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Psalms 72:20, though appearing as a simple scribal note, invites us to reflect deeply on the intentional design of God's Word and the enduring legacy of faithful lives. It encourages us to appreciate the meticulous care taken by ancient scribes and editors, who, guided by divine providence, compiled and preserved the sacred texts that continue to nourish our souls today. Just as David's "ended" prayers continue to speak powerfully across millennia, our own prayers, offered in faith and sincerity, contribute to a spiritual heritage that transcends our individual lives. This verse reminds us that our acts of worship, intercession, and devotion are not fleeting but can have an enduring impact, shaping the spiritual landscape for those who come after us. It calls us to engage with the Psalter not just as ancient poetry, but as a living testament to humanity's ongoing dialogue with God, inspiring us to cultivate a rich and vibrant prayer life that resonates with the timeless truths found within these sacred pages, knowing that our petitions, like David's, are heard and can leave an eternal imprint.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does understanding the editorial structure of the Psalter enhance your appreciation for its divine inspiration and human compilation?**
* **In what ways do the "prayers of David" continue to speak to your personal faith journey today, even though they were "ended" as a collection millennia ago?**
* **What kind of spiritual legacy are you building through your own prayers and acts of faith, knowing that they can have an enduring impact on future generations?**

### FAQ
**Does this verse mean David stopped praying or that his prayers are no longer relevant?**

Answer: No, not at all. The phrase "The prayers of David the son of Jesse are ended" in [Psalms 72:20](/psalms/72-20 "Psalms 72:20 - The End of David's Prayers") is an editorial note, known as a colophon. It signifies the completion of a specific collection of psalms attributed to or associated with David within the larger compilation of the Psalter, specifically marking the end of Book Two (Psalms 42-72). It does not mean David ceased to pray in his lifetime, nor does it imply that his prayers lost their spiritual power or relevance. On the contrary, the very act of preserving and compiling these prayers ensures their enduring significance for generations of believers, continuing to inspire and instruct in worship and devotion.

**Why is David identified specifically as "the son of Jesse" here?**

Answer: Identifying David as "the son of Jesse" serves several important purposes. Firstly, it grounds David in his historical reality and humble origins, reminding readers that he was chosen by God not from a royal lineage, but from a simple shepherd family in Bethlehem. This emphasizes God's sovereign choice and faithfulness, as well as the unexpected nature of His anointing. Secondly, and perhaps more significantly, it connects David to the prophetic promises of a future king, the Messiah, who would come from the "root of Jesse" (e.g., [Isaiah 11:1](/isaiah/11-1 "Isaiah 11:1 - The Root of Jesse")). This appellation subtly reinforces the Messianic hope that permeates the Psalter, linking David's kingship and prayers to the ultimate righteous King.

**Why is this verse placed at the end of Psalm 72, which is often associated with Solomon?**

Answer: The placement of [Psalms 72:20](/psalms/72-20 "Psalms 72:20 - The End of David's Prayers") at the end of Psalm 72, a royal psalm often attributed to or for Solomon, is key to understanding its editorial function. While Psalm 72 itself describes the reign of an ideal king (which could be Solomon or a future Davidic king), the colophon clarifies that the *collection* of "the prayers of David" is complete at this point. This indicates that the compilers of the Psalter viewed the preceding psalms (Book Two, Psalms 42-72) as a distinct section, primarily comprising Davidic material, even if the final psalm in that section focuses on another king. It highlights the Psalter's intentional organization into five "books," each with its own thematic and attributed groupings, demonstrating a sophisticated editorial process.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Psalms 72:20, though primarily an editorial note, profoundly points to Christ in its broader theological context and the overarching narrative of the Psalter. The "prayers of David the son of Jesse" find their ultimate fulfillment and eternal continuation in the person and work of Jesus Christ. David, as the shepherd-king and the "man after God's own heart," serves as a powerful type and foreshadowing of the perfect King and High Priest. The ideal king described in [Psalm 72](/psalms/72 "Psalm 72 - A Prayer for the King"), whose reign brings justice, peace, and universal blessing, is fully realized not in Solomon, but in Jesus, the true Son of David and the greater King of kings. While David's compiled prayers "ended" in this collection, Christ's intercessory prayer for His people is eternal and ceaseless, as He "always lives to intercede for them" ([Hebrews 7:25](/hebrews/7-25 "Hebrews 7:25 - Christ's Eternal Priesthood and Intercession")). Furthermore, David's lineage, emphasized by "son of Jesse," directly points to Christ, who is the "root of Jesse" ([Revelation 22:16](/revelation/22-16 "Revelation 22:16 - Jesus, the Root and Offspring of David")) and the promised Messiah through whom God's covenant with David is eternally established ([Luke 1:32-33](/luke/1-32-33 "Luke 1:32-33 - The Angel Gabriel's Annunciation to Mary")). Thus, the "ending" of David's prayers in this collection anticipates the "beginning" of Christ's perfect, eternal reign and His ongoing, all-sufficient mediation, which truly brings God's kingdom and glory to all the earth, fulfilling the very doxology that precedes this verse.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

2 Samuel 23:1

¶ Now these [be] the last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man [who was] raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said,

Luke 24:51

And it came to pass, while he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into heaven.

Job 31:40

Let thistles grow instead of wheat, and cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.

Jeremiah 51:64

And thou shalt say, Thus shall Babylon sink, and shall not rise from the evil that I will bring upon her: and they shall be weary. Thus far [are] the words of Jeremiah.